Turfan (Modern Chinese 吐魯番; pinyin: Tulufan, ancient Chinese Gaochang, also: Kao-chang, Turpan) is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Its population was given as 55,645 in 1990.
History
Turfan has long been the centre of a fertile oasis and an important trade centre. It was historically located along the Silk Road's northern route, at which time it was adjacent to the kingdoms of Korla and Karashahr to the southwest.
Geography
Turfan is located about 150 km southeast of Urumqi, in a mountain basin, on the northern side of the Turfan Depression.
Turpan basin is the Flaming Mountains which extends a hundred kilometers from east to west and dozens of kilometers from north to south.
During the past 30 years the Turpan people have undertaken large scale forestation, planting trees at the desert frontier and around their fields to break the wind and protect the crops.
The Flaming Mountains, lying in the middle of the Turpan Depression and running from east to west, are one of the branch ranges of the Tianshan Mountains and were formed in the organic movements of the Himalayas fifty million years ago.
Turpan, locate in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is noted for its tasty grape in China.
The Ancient City of Jiaohe,Located in the Yarnaz Valley 13 kilometers (8 miles) west of Turpan it used to be the capital of the State of South Cheshi, one of the 31 states in the Western Region.
The Ancient City of Jiaohe, situated to the west of Turpan, is another set of ruins from an ancient city on the Silk Road.
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