Galvanized surface with macroscopic crystalline features. Twin boundaries are visible as striations within each crystallite, most prominently in the bottom-left and top-right.
A twin boundary occurs when two crystals of the same type intergrow, so that only a slight misorientation exists between them. It is a highly symmetrical interface, often with one crystal the mirror image of the other; also, atoms are shared by the two crystals at regular intervals. This is also a much lower-energy interface than the grain boundaries that form when crystals of arbitrary orientation grow together. Galvanization, named after the Italian scientist Luigi Galvani, was originally the administration of electric shocks (in the 19th century also termed Faradism, after Michael Faraday). ... A crystallite is a domain of solid-state matter that has the same structure as a single crystal. ... Quartz crystal A crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. ... A crystallite is a domain of solid-state matter that has the same structure as a single crystal. ...
Twin boundaries are partly responsible for shock hardening and for many of the changes that occur in cold work of metals with limited slip systems or at very low temperatures. They also occur due to martensitic transformations: the motion of twin boundaries is responsible for the pseudoelastic and shape-memory behavior of nitinol, and their presence is partly responsible for the hardness due to quenching of steel. Cold Work is a quality imparted on a material as a result of plastic deformation. ... For the syntaxic operation, see Dislocation (syntax) For the medical term, see Dislocation (medicine) In materials science a dislocation is a linear crystallographic defect, or irregularity, in crystal structure. ... Martensite, named after the German metallurgist Adolf Martens, is a class of hard minerals occurring as lathe- or plate-shaped crystals. ... A shape memory alloy (SMA) (also known as memory metal or smart wire) is a metal that remembers its geometry. ... Funckarma is a musical group formed by the brothers Don & Roel Funcken, from the Hague, Netherlands. ... Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. ...
Twinboundaries are visible as striations within each crystallite, most prominently in the bottom-left and top-right.
Twinboundaries are partly responsible for shock hardening and for many of the changes that occur in cold work of metals with limited slip systems or at very low temperatures.
They also occur due to martensitic transformations: the motion of twinboundaries is responsible for the pseudoelastic and shape-memory behavior of nitinol, and their presence is partly responsible for the hardness due to quenching of steel.
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