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The largest British war cemetery in the world, Tyne Cot CWGC Cemetery was designed by Sir Herbert Baker.
On the wall at the back of the cemetery are the names of 34,927 soldiers who have no known grave and died from August 1917 to the end of the war - a continuation of the names inscribed on the Menin Gate.
The name 'Tyne Cot' is said to originate (there is some dispute over this) from a reference by Northumberland Fusiliers during the war to the likeness of the German pillboxes to Tyneside cottages.
The Tyne was a major route for the export of coal from the 13th century until the decline of the coalfields of North East England in the second half of the 20th century.
The lower reaches of the Tyne were, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, one of the world's most important centres of shipbuilding, and there are still major shipyards at Wallsend on the north of the river and Jarrow on the south.
To support the shipbuilding and export industries of Tyneside, the lower reaches of the river were extensively remodelled during the second half of the 19th century, with islands removed and bends in the course of the river straightened.