Type 90
Type	Main battle tank
Place of origin	Japan
Specifications
Weight	50.2 tonnes
Length	9.755 m
Width	3.33 m
Height	2.33 m
Crew	3
Armor	Classified
Primary armament	120mm smoothbore gun 35 rounds Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1216 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Type 90 Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Military vehicles are commonly armoured to withstand the impact of shrapnel, bullets or shells, protecting the soldiers inside from enemy fire. ...
Secondary armament	M2HB 12.7mm machine gun 1,500 rounds 7.62mm machine gun Type 74 2,000 rounds It has been suggested that K6 HMG be merged into this article or section. ...
Engine	Mitsubishi 10ZG 10 cylinder, Two stroke cycle Diesel 21500cc 1500ps/2400rpm (1,120 kW)[15min output rating] 4410N･m（450kgf･m）
Power/weight	30 hp/tonne
Suspension	hydropneumatic
Operational range	350 km [Fuel 1100L]
Speed	70 km/h [Acceleration 0-200m/20s] Hydropneumatic is the name given to a suspension system invented by Citroën and fitted to Citroën cars, as well as being adapted by other car manufacturers, notably Rolls-Royce, Mercedes-Benz and Peugeot. ...

The Type 90(Japanese: きゅうまるしき せんしゃ Kanji: 90式戦車) is the current main battle tank (MBT) of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF). It is built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and was designed as a replacement for all deployed Type 61s and a portion of their Type 74 tanks. Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana Manyōgana Uses Furigana Okurigana Rōmaji   ) are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with hiragana (平仮名), katakana (片仮名), and the Arabic numerals. ... The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. ... The flag of Japan Ground Self-Defense Force The Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force ), or JGSDF, is the name of the military ground forces (army) of Japan. ... Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd (MHI) (三菱重工業, Mitsubishi JÅ«kōgyō) TYO: 7011 is a Japanese company. ... This article is about the real world Type 61 Tank, for the fictional weapon mentioned in the Gundam Universe, please see Type 61 Tank, for the British Frigate, please see Type 61 frigate The Type 61 (Japanese: ろくいちしきせんしゃ Kanji: 61式戦車) was a main battle tank (MBT) developed and used by the... The Type 74 is a main battle tank (MBT) of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF). ...

Manufacturing cost

The Type 90 has a per unit cost, approximated to 790,000,000 Japanese Yen (this case of nine Type 90 tanks of the annual production [FY2007])[1]. At current currency exchange rates as of 2006, this is equivalent to approximately $6,600,000 US. Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

After the adoption of the Type 74, the Japanese High Command was already looking for a superior, completely indigenous tank design to defeat the Soviet T-72. As a result, development of a prototype, the TK-X MBT began in 1976-1977.Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and joint development were performed by leadership of TRDI (Japan Defence Agency's Technology Research and Development Institute). The Type 74 is a main battle tank (MBT) of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF). ... The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ...

The first prototype design was brought about in 1982.[2] Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...

Testing, improvements (Turret and half Modular type ceramic composite armour), and designs were modified and constructed until 1989 when Japan formally acknowledged the Type-90 in 1990. Composite armour is a type of vehicle armour consisting of layers of different material such as metals, plastics, ceramics or air. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...

Armour

The profile of the Type 90 is similar to a German Leopard 2 without any additional upgrading. It was designed with a distinctive low-slung turret with boxy, vertical sides and a long overhanging bustle. Regardless, the Type 90 is smaller than most main battle tanks with a height of 2.33 meters, a width of 3.33 meters, and weighing in at 50.2 tonnes. In comparison, the Leopard 2A4's dimensions are 2.48m x 3.70 m & weighing 55.2 tonnes. The Leopard 2 is a German main battle tank built by the German company Krauss-Maffei-Wegmann, developed in the early 1970s and first entering service in 1979, replacing the earlier Leopard 1 as the foremost MBT in the Bundeswehr. ... A Marine Corps M1A1 Abrams with a bustle rack and bustle rack extension packed full of gear. ... A tonne (also called metric ton) is a non-SI unit of mass, accepted for use with SI, defined as: 1 tonne = 103 kg (= 106 g). ...

The Type 90 sports the Modular ceramic composite armour [3] common in contemporary new tank design(appeared after 1990's).The adoption of Modular composite armour design facilitated upgrading and exchange of the armor, and is tested to be effective against its own 120-mm APFSDS smoothbore at the front armor, and is effective up to 35 mm APDS (90mmRHA at 1km) projectiles at the side armor of the turret. Composite armour is a type of vehicle armour consisting of layers of different material such as metals, plastics, ceramics or air. ... Composite armour is a type of vehicle armour consisting of layers of different material such as metals, plastics, ceramics or air. ... French anti-tank round with its sabot APFSDS at point of separation of sabot. ... Smoothbore refers to a firearm which does not have a rifled barrel. ... A Phalanx Mk149 APDS discarding its sabot and petals Armor-piercing, discarding sabot (APDS) is a type of kinetic energy projectile fired from a gun to attack heavy armor. ...

Armament

The Type 90 carries a licensed copy (by JSW:The Japan Steel Works, Ltd) of the Rheinmetall L44 120-mm smoothbore. This is the same gun that is mounted on the American M1 Abrams and European Leopard 2 tanks. Therefore, it is capable of chambering both APFSDS and HEAT ammunition in a combined magazine. An M1 Abrams tank firing the Rheinmetall L44 fitted with a hoffman device. ... Smoothbore refers to a firearm which does not have a rifled barrel. ... The M1 Abrams main battle tank is the principal combat tank of the United States Army, the United States Marine Corps and the Australian Army, with three main versions being deployed starting in 1980: the M1, M1A1, and M1A2. ... The Leopard 2 is a German main battle tank built by the German company Krauss-Maffei-Wegmann, developed in the early 1970s and first entering service in 1979, replacing the earlier Leopard 1 as the foremost MBT in the Bundeswehr. ...

Before Rheinmetall's gun was selected, Japan successfully produced a domestic version of the 120-mm smoothbore, but the lower cost of the L44 gave it a substantial advantage over the domestic version.

The Type 90 possessed hi-tech functions such as Automated-tracking systems deployment from the first production tank. Type 90 to fire at moving and stationary targets, in day or night maneuvers, while the Type 90 is standing still or in motion.The automatic target (soldier, vehicle, and helicopter) tracking system using a thermal image display is controlled through a tank gunner's and commander's. The computer which memorized the thermal image of the target predicts the future position of the target and shoots it.

As for Type 90, various a little upgrading is carried out on the pretext of repair or part and assembly (ASSY) exchange.

There are many installed upgrades to the fire-control system which increase the Type 90's effectiveness: A fire-control system is a computer, often mechanical, which is designed to assist a weapon system in hitting its target. ...

• Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet LASER range-finder,
• 32-bit Ballistics-analysis computers,
• improved Thermal image systems,
• improved Automated-tracking systems, and a
• improved Stabilized gunner's platform.

The commander's sight specification is as follows; Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group, used as the active laser medium in various solid-state lasers. ... A laser range-finder is a device which uses a laser beam in order to determine the distance to a reflective object. ... Ballistics (gr. ...

• Zoom: 3x / 10x (day only)
• Vertical scan angle (the amount of angle which the optics can move up and down): +/- 29˚
• Horizontal scan angle (the amount of angle which the optics can turn): +/- 90˚ (180˚ total)
• Gunner's alternate sight zoom: 10x

The Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet LASER range-finder's specification is as follows; Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group, used as the active laser medium in various solid-state lasers. ...

• Range: 300 ~ 5,000+ m
• Daytime magnification: 1x / 10x
• Nighttime magnification: 3x / 10x

The gun is armed and loaded through a mechanical bustle autoloader, also developed by Mitsubishi of Japan. This design allows the tank crew to operate with one less crewman (a requirement, given the smaller dimensions of the crew compartment). In Type 90 autoloading speed is about 2 seconds, the practical autoloading and firing speed for one target will be around 4-6 seconds. By implementing an autoloader, the Type 90 follows the same pattern as Soviet T-64s, T-72s, and T-80s (including their Russian and Ukrainian descendants), French Leclerc, as well as the Swedish Stridsvagn 103 tank destroyer. An Autoloader is a data storage device consisting of at least one tape drive (the drive), a method of loading tapes into the drive (the robot), and a storage area for tapes (the magazine). ... The T-64, a Soviet main battle tank, was introduced in the late 1960s. ... The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ... The T-80 is a Soviet/Russian/Ukrainian main battle tank. ... The gunners position, looking down from the turret roof. ... The Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103), or S-Tank, is a Swedish main battle tank. ...

Mounted in front of the gunner's hatch atop the turret is the ubiquitous Browning M2 machine gun, manufactured under license by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, part of the Sumitomo Group. In addition to the .50-caliber machine gun is a Japanese-built 7.62 mm machine gun mounted coaxially to the left of the main gun. Browning Arms Company was founded in Utah in 1927. ... It has been suggested that K6 HMG be merged into this article or section. ... Sumitomo Group ) is a family of related Japanese companies, or keiretsu. ... NATO 7. ... coaxial cable In geometry, coaxial means that two or more forms share a common axis; it is the three-dimensional analog of concentric. Coaxial cable, for example, has a conducting wire in the center and a second conducting layer running all the way around the exterior circumference, under the insulation. ...

Powerplant and drivetrain

The Type 90 is powered by a two-stroke, 10-cylinder diesel manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (designated 10ZG32WT). The development of 10ZG32WT prototype is started in 1972 and was finished in 1982. It can attain a top output of 1,120 kW (or approximately 1500 horsepower). The two-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine differs from the more common four-stroke cycle by completing the same four processes (intake, compression, power, exhaust) in only two strokes of the piston rather than four. ... This article is about a unit of measurement. ...

The hydropneumatic suspension units are mounted on the front and rear pair of road wheels, which can be adjusted on-the-fly to uneven terrain, a requirement on Japan's rough, mountainous terrain. Hydropneumatic is the name given to a suspension system invented by Citroën and fitted to Citroën cars, as well as being adapted by other car manufacturers, notably Rolls-Royce, Mercedes-Benz and Peugeot. ...

Operators

•  Japan: 310-315 (2007)

Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Type 90 (Japan)

• Type 90 tank at the Federation of American Scientists
• Type 90 Tank at Globalsecurity.org
• Type 90 at ArmyGuide
• Main Battle Tank Type 90 at ArmsWorld
• Type 90 Main Battle Tank at Historyofwar
• Official unit cost data of Type 90 Main Battle Tank at Japan Ministry of Defense pdf file
• 120 mm L44 Tank Gun at Rheinmetall AG
• Official Video -Type90 Tank- at Channel J (product cooperation:JGSDF)
• Official Video -Calflex 2006-at United States Central Command (U.S.CENTCOM)
• YouTube Video1at YouTube
• YouTube Video2at YouTube
• YouTube Video3at YouTube
• YouTube Video4at YouTube