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Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (January 2008) | For other uses, see Type 99 (disambiguation). | Type 99 |
A Type 99 tank at the China People's Revolution Military Museum in Beijing during the 2007 Our troops towards the sun exhibition. | | Type | Main Battle Tank | | Place of origin | People's Republic of China | | Specifications | | Weight | ~54 tonnes | | Length | 11.0 m | | Width | 3.4 m | | Height | 2.2 m | | Crew | 3 (4 originally based on the Type 98 prototypes without autoloader) |
| | Armor | Composite with ERA | Primary
armament | 125 mm smoothbore tank gun, compatible with Chinese 140mm guns [1] [2] | Secondary
armament | 12.7 mm commander's machine gun, 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun | | Engine | liquid-cooled diesel
1,500 hp (1,100 kW) | | Power/weight | 27.4 hp/tonne | | Suspension | torsion bar | Operational
range | 450 km, 600 km with external fuel | | Speed | 80 km/h (50 mph) on-road; 60 km/h (37.5 mph) off-road | The Type 99, also known as ZTZ-99 and WZ-123, developed from the Type 98G (in turn, a development of the Type 98), is a 3rd generation main battle tank (MBT) fielded by the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It is made to compete with modern western tanks. Although not expected to be acquired in large numbers due to its high cost compared to the more economical Type 96, it is currently the most advanced MBT fielded by China. Type 99 may refer to: Type 99 tank Type 99 (camouflage) Type 99 Grenade Type 99 Light Machine Gun Type 99 Rifle Category: ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 372 pixelsFull resolution (2000 × 930 pixels, file size: 1. ...
The Museum in August 2007, when it hosted the Our troops towards the sky exhibition. ...
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The gunners position, looking down from the turret roof. ...
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For other uses, see Type 96 (disambiguation). ...
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The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. ...
Peoples Liberation Army redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Type 96 (disambiguation). ...
Development
The tank was first revealed in October 1999 during the national parade and entered service in small numbers for operational tests and evaluation before the finalisation of the design.
The production version, known initially as Type 98 and later as Type 98G, and then finally improve the performance and named it as Type 99, was revealed in 2001. It has an improved engine and additional Leopard 2A5-style sloped armour on the turret front and sides. The Leopard 2 is a German main battle tank built by the German company Krauss-Maffei-Wegmann, developed in the early 1970s and first entering service in 1979, replacing the earlier Leopard 1 as the foremost MBT in the Bundeswehr. ...
The official manufacturer's designation seems to be ZTZ-99. The tank is also known by its industrial index as the WZ-123 MBT. The unit price is greater than 16 million renminbi yuan (2006 price, ~2 million USD, ~1.6 million EUR). CNY and RMB redirect here. ...
This article is about the Chinese currency base unit. ...
In part due to its high cost, this tank will not be deployed in large numbers, like earlier models such as the Type 59. Due to its limited numbers, the Type 99 is currently only operated by PLA's elite divisions. The Chinese Type 59 Main Battle Tank is a copy of the ubiquitous Russian T-55/54 medium tank. ...
Type 98 The Chinese government made a decision to modernize their tank force by incorporating advanced features into their next-generation MBT, as their older tanks such as the Type 90 were becoming ineffective. The resulting tank had a hull (chassis) similar to the T-72 or T-80. For other uses, see Type 96 (disambiguation). ...
The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ...
The T-80 is a Soviet/Russian/Ukrainian main battle tank. ...
Type 98
 Type 98 tank seen here in rehearsal for the October 1st 1999 National Day Military Parade. This prototype is unique among current Chinese designs. Instead of an autoloader, it has a fourth crew member to manually load the western-style single unit ammunition rounds. Traditional Russian-made autoloaders were designed to separately load the propellant and warhead components. The transmission is manual instead of automatic like those on the newer Type 90. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (895x736, 225 KB) From Armour Magazine: The Chinese Type 98 Main Battle Tank. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (895x736, 225 KB) From Armour Magazine: The Chinese Type 98 Main Battle Tank. ...
For other uses, see Type 96 (disambiguation). ...
Type 98G The most obvious feature is that a modified autoloader was installed so that the crew was reduced to three from the original four. The power plant is a domestic 150HB 1,200-hp diesel engine. This article is about a unit of measurement. ...
This article is about the fuel. ...
Type 99 The latest variant developed and now in trial is the Type 99A2 with a 1,500-hp water cooled diesel engine and getting re-designed at some parts. This article is about a unit of measurement. ...
This article is about the fuel. ...
Earlier reports about a Type 99A2 has been revealed as facts. This latest variant not only has more armor on the turret, but also includes re-designed front lights and a completely redesigned rearpart of the hull. The self-defense laser module has been replaced by an active defensive module. All the latest upgrades in armor, electronics to increase combat capability has made the Type 99A2 to an MBT which is expected to have a weight of ~54 tons. [[2]]</ref> Unconfirmed reports mention that the primary armament will be a 140mm gun that can fire depleted uranium. The ZTZ-99A2 also installed ERA on the front and side turret. The tank hull will follow the MBT 2000 configuration instead of the previously used hull.
Design The development of the new tank was initiated in the early 90s during the Gulf War. Western tanks had destroyed numerous Iraqi Soviet-made T-72s, which were comparable to the most advanced tank in the PLA arsenal at the time: the Type 90 tank. The PLA realized that their tanks would prove inadequate against western tanks in combat, and initiated a project to develop a new, modern main battle tank which eventually resulted in the Type 99. The design was heavily influenced by the Soviet T-80 and the German Leopard 2. Features include a sloped turret armor for increased protection, among others. The driver's compartment is in the front while the fighting compartment lies directly behind it and the engine is installed in the rear. Note: Sometimes the 90s is used as shorthand for the 1990s, the 1890s, or other such decades in various centuries. ...
For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ...
The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. ...
Soviet redirects here. ...
The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ...
For other uses, see Type 96 (disambiguation). ...
Soviet redirects here. ...
The T-80 is a Soviet/Russian/Ukrainian main battle tank. ...
The Leopard 2 is a German main battle tank built by the German company Krauss-Maffei-Wegmann, developed in the early 1970s and first entering service in 1979, replacing the earlier Leopard 1 as the foremost MBT in the Bundeswehr. ...
To accommodate more equipment and ammunition, the Type 99's turret is slightly larger than that of the Type 90, resulting in a gap between the turret and hull in the front. This could be a major disadvantage in battle as it acts as a shot trap (much like the overhang on the German Leopard 2 and Israeli Merkava) and exposes the turret ring, increasing the likelihood of hits from the front jamming the turret.[citation needed] The Leopard 2 is a German main battle tank built by the German company Krauss-Maffei-Wegmann, developed in the early 1970s and first entering service in 1979, replacing the earlier Leopard 1 as the foremost MBT in the Bundeswehr. ...
// The Merkava (Hebrew: , Chariot) is the main battle tank of the Israel Defense Forces. ...
This effect, however, is not to be confused with the World War II shot-trap effect, for modern long-rod kinetic energy penetrators (APFSDS) behave in a different manner to traditional solid shot armour-piercing rounds. The Leopard 2A5 and 2A6 also feature this wedge on the turret front, which Leopard engineers deliberately designed in such a way as to subject an incoming APFSDS round to yaw forces. This places the penetrator under enormous stress, so much so that it may shear, thus preventing its penetration of the turret. The projectile still imparts its kinetic energy to the turret, but not in a fashion that will penetrate the armour. A kinetic energy penetrator, long-rod penetrator, or APFSDS (Armour Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot) is a type of ammunition which, like a bullet, does not contain explosives, but uses kinetic energy to penetrate the target. ...
In addition, the Type 99 also lacks some features often found on Western MBTs that would minimize the damage caused by HEAT projectiles. For example, armour bulkheads separating the crew compartment from the fuel tanks and ammunition and top panels that are designed to blow outwards in case of explosion are absent. This could lead to low damage survivability in combat, judging by the experiences of the 1991 Gulf War.[citation needed] For other uses, see Heat (disambiguation) In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is energy transferred from one body or system to another due to a difference in temperature. ...
A bulkhead is an upright wall within the hull of a ship. ...
For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ...
The tank is equipped with an active laser defense system. The laser warning receiver can determine the location of an attacking enemy tank, while the high-powered laser dazzler can damage or destroy the enemy's optics (eyes). It can also be used as a secure communications device. For other uses, see Laser (disambiguation). ...
Dazzler is a type of a directed-energy weapon employing intense visible light, usually generated by a laser (laser dazzler). ...
Armament The ZTZ99’s main armament includes a dual-axis fully-stabilised 125mm/50-calibre ZPT98 smoothbore gun with an autoloader , a thermal sleeve, and a fume extractor. The gun can be fired by either electronic or manual control. The gun barrel can be replaced within one hour. Loading is mechanical with 41 rounds carried inside the turret and vehicle hull. The gun can fire about 8 rounds per minute using autoloader and 1~2 rounds per minute with manual loading. Ammunition includes armour-piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), high explosive anti-tank (HEAT), and high explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) projectiles. China has also reportedly manufactured Russian AT-11 laser-guided anti-tank missiles (ATGM) to be fired from the 125 mm gun for enemy tank with Explosive Reactive Armour, with an effective range of 4.5km. In addition, the Chinese have developed depleted uranium (DU) rounds for their tanks and these may be available for the Type 99. The primary kinetic energy armour-piercing ammunition for the 125mm tank gun is the APFSDS round with a 30:1 length/calibre heavy tungsten alloy penetrator and the round has a muzzle velocity of 1,780m/s and is capable of penetrating 850mm steel armour at a distance of 2,000m. A depleted uranium (DU) APFSDS round which can penetrate 960mm steel armour at a distance of 2,000m and the target range would be approx above 5km on non moving target with APFSDS depleted uranium. Smoothbore refers to a firearm which does not have a rifled barrel. ...
An Autoloader is a data storage device consisting of at least one tape drive (the drive), a method of loading tapes into the drive (the robot), and a storage area for tapes (the magazine). ...
A HEAT round. ...
AT-11 Sniper is the is the NATO reporting name for a laser beam riding guided anti-tank missile of the former Soviet Union. ...
An Anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) is a missile the primary purpose of which is to hit and destroy tanks. ...
Depleted uranium storage yard. ...
Armour Currently, the actual armour composition of the Type-99/ZTZ-99 remains unknown. There are public photos of experimental Chinese composite armours, specifically Al2O3 which has been tested. The armour didn't sustain any significant damage after being shot by a T-72C 125mm armament 7 times or a 105mm armament 9 times in a range of 1,800 meters[citation needed]. The tank’s front armour protection is equivalent to 1,000~1,200mm of steel armour.[3] Also, there are significant differences between the armour packages displayed on the current Type 99s and the ones first seen in 1999. Corundum (from Tamil kurundam) is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide and one of the rock-forming minerals. ...
The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ...
Another theory that has been suggested is that the armor additions are not ERA, but composite layers in block form[citation needed]. The reason is that the blocks are too large to be effectively used as ERA, since one detonation leads to a large unprotected area. Further support is given in the fact that Eastern Bloc armies had two armor packages after the introduction of ERA. Live ERA blocks for wartime and composite blocks for peacetime, as maintaining ERA blocks during operational conditions is both expensive and hazardous.[citation needed]
Fire Control and observation Fire accuracy is attained by the laser rangefinder, wind sensor, ballistic computer, and thermal barrel sleeve. Dual axis stabilization ensures effective firing on the move. The commander has six periscopes and a stabilized panoramic sight. Both the commander and gunner have roof-mounted stabilized sights fitted with day/thermal channels, a laser rangefinder and an auto tracker facility. The commander has a display showing the gunner's thermal sight, enabling the commander to fire the main gun. The Thermal Imaging System (TIS) with cooled detector using processing in the element (SPRITE) technology has magnification x11.4 narrow field of view and x5 wide field of view. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 495 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,572 × 2,208 pixels, file size: 1. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 495 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,572 × 2,208 pixels, file size: 1. ...
The Type 99 is also fitted with a computerized onboard information processing system, which can collect information from vehicle navigation (Inertia/GPS), observation systems and sensors, process it in the computer and display it on the commander's display, giving the ability of real-time command and beyond-vision-range target engaging.
Propulsion The Type 99 is powered by a liquid cooled, turbocharged 1,500 hp diesel derived from the German MB871ka501 diesel technology. At its current battle weight of 54 t, this gives a power-to-weight ratio of about 27.78. The maximum speed on road is 80 km/h and 60 km/h cross country. Acceleration from 0 speed to 32 km/h only takes 12 seconds. The transmission provides seven forward and one reverse gears.
Operators Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ...
Notes and references Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also Type 59/62 - Type 69/79 - Type 80/85/88 - Type 90/96 - MBT 2000/Al-Khalid - Type 98/99 - T-72 - M-84 - M-95 - PT-91 - T-80 - T-84 - T-90 - T-95 The Chinese Type 59 Main Battle Tank is a copy of the ubiquitous Russian T-55/54 medium tank. ...
The Chinese Type 69 and Type 79 main battle tanks were developments of the Type 59, which in turn was a copy of the Soviet T-54A tank. ...
The Type 88 (also as YW-531H) is a series of medium second-generation main battle tanks (MBTs) from China. ...
For other uses, see Type 96 (disambiguation). ...
The Al-Khalid or MBT 2000 (Type 90-IIM) is a modern main battle tank developed by China and manufactured by Pakistan. ...
The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ...
The M-84 is a modern, 3nd generation main battle tank manufactured by Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ...
M-95 Degman is a prototype Croatian main battle tank, developed in the factory Äuro Äaković specijalna vozila d. ...
The PT-91 Twardy (translated PT-91 Twardy, meaning Tough) is a Polish main battle tank. ...
The T-80 is a Soviet/Russian/Ukrainian main battle tank. ...
The T-84 Main Battle Tank is a Ukrainian development of the Soviet T-80 main battle tank, first built in 1994 and entered service in the Ukrainian Armed Forces in 1999. ...
This article is about the Russian tank. ...
The T-94 or T-95 is a prototype main battle tank, currently in development in the Russian Federation. ...
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