Chalcidian black-figure hydria of Typhon fighting Zeus, c. 6th century BC.

In Greek mythology, Typhon (Typhaon, Typhoeus, Typhus) was the final son of Gaia, the Earth, this time by Tartarus, the cavernous void beneath: Chalkidikí or Chalcidice (in Greek: Χαλκιδική, alternative romanizations Khalkidhikí) is one of the fifty-one prefectures of Greece. ... Scene from a black-figure amphora from Athens. ... A hydria is a type of Greek pottery used for carrying water. ... Statue of Zeus Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at Olympia about 435 BC. The statue was perhaps the most famous sculpture in ancient Greece, imagined here in a 16th-century engraving. ... // Greek mythology consists in part in a large collection of narratives that explain the origins of the world and detail the lives and adventures of a wide variety of gods, goddesses, heroes, and heroines. ... Gaia (pronounced //[citation needed], sometimes also // or //) (land or earth, from the Greek ; variant spelling Gaea—see also Ge from ) is a Greek goddess personifying the Earth. ... In Greek mythology, Tartarus, or Tartaros, is both a deity and a place in the underworld — even lower than Hades. ...

But when Zeus had driven the Titans from heaven,

huge Earth bare her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of

Tartarus, by the aid of golden Aphrodite. —Hesiod, Theogony 820-868.

The Homeric Hymn to Apollo makes the monster Typhaon at Delphi a son of archaic Hera in her Minoan form, produced out of herself, like a monstrous version of Hephaestus, and whelped in a cave in Cilicia and confined there in the enigmatic land of the Arimi— en Arimois (Iliad, ii. 781-783). It was in Cilicia that Zeus battled with the ancient monster and overcame him, in a more complicated story: It was not an easy battle, and Typhon temporarily overcame Zeus, cut the "sinews" from him and left him in the "leather sack", the korukos that is the etymological origin of the korukion atron, the Korykian or Corycian Cave. The region of Cilicia in southeastern Anatolia had many opportunities for connection with the Hittites to the north. Walter Burkert and Calvert Watkins note some close agreements with the Hittite myth of Illuyankas. In Greek mythology, the Titans (Greek Τιτάν, plural Τιτάνες) were a race of powerful deities that ruled during the legendary Golden Age. ... Birth of Venus (a. ... Hesiod (Hesiodos, ), the early Greek poet and rhapsode, presumably lived around 700 BCE. Historians have debated the priority of Hesiod or of Homer, and some authors have even brought them together in an imagined poetic contest. ... Theogony is a poem by Hesiod describing the origins of the gods of ancient Greek religion. ... The anonymous Homeric Hymns are a collection of ancient Greek hymns. ... Statue of Apollo at the British Museum. ... The theatre, seen from above Delphi (Greek Δελφοί — Delphoi) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece. ... In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hêra (IPA pronunciation: ; Greek or ) was the wife and sister of Zeus. ... The Minoan language is a non-Hellenic language of Crete that was spoken before the invasion of Mycenaean armies. ... Hephaestus, Greek god of forging, riding a Donkey; Greek drinking cup (skyphos) made in the 5th century B.C. Hephaestus (IPA pronunciation: ; Greek Hêphaistos) is the Greek god whose approximate Roman equivalent is Vulcan; he is the god of blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors, metals and metallurgy, and fire. ... Cilicia as Roman province, 120 AD In Antiquity, Cilicia (Ki-LIK-ya) was a region, and often a political unit, on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. ... The Iliad (Ancient Greek Ιλιάς, Ilias) tells part of the story of the siege of the city of Ilium, i. ... The Corycian Cave is located on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, in Greece. ... Asia Minor lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. ... Relief of Suppiluliuma II, last known king of the Hittite Empire Hittites is the conventional English-language term for an ancient people who spoke an Indo-European language and established a kingdom centered in Hattusa (Hittite URU) in north-central Anatolia from the 18th century BC. In the 14th century... Walter Burkert (born Neuendettelsau (Bavaria), February 2, 1931), the most eminent living scholar of Greek myth and cult, is an emeritus professor of classics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland who has also taught in the United Kingdom and the United States. ... Calvert Watkins is a professor Emeritus of linguistics and the classics at Harvard University and professor-in-residence at UCLA. His doctoral dissertation was Indo-European Origins of the Celtic Verb I. The Sigmatic Aorist (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1962), which deeply reflected the structuralist approach of Jerzy Kurylowicz... In Hittite Mythology, Illuyankas was a dragon slain by Teshub. ...

The inveterate enemy of the Olympian gods is described as a vast grisly monster with a hundred heads and a hundred serpents issuing from his thighs, who was conquered and cast into Tartarus by Zeus, or confined beneath Mount Aetna (Pindar, Pythian Ode 1.19 - 20; Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 370). where "his bed scratches and goads the whole length of his back stretched out against it," or in other volcanic regions, where he is the cause of eruptions. The twelve gods of Olympus. ... Heracles and the Lernaean Hydra by Gustave Moreau: The Hydra is perhaps the best known mythological multi-headed animal, also popularised in many fantasy settings. ... Serpent is a word of Latin origin (serpens, serpentis) that is normally substituted for snake in a specifically mythic or religious context, in order to distinguish such creatures from the field of biology. ... Statue of Zeus Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at Olympia about 435 BC. The statue was perhaps the most famous sculpture in ancient Greece, imagined here in a 16th-century engraving. ... For other meanings of Etna, see Etna (disambiguation). ... Pindar Pindar (or Pindarus / Pindaros) (522 BC – 443 BC), considered the greatest of the nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, was born at Cynoscephalae, a village in Thebes. ... Aeschylus This article is about the ancient Greek playwright. ... A volcano is a geological landform usually generated by the eruption through a planets surface of magma, molten rock welling up from the planets interior. ...

Typhon is thus the chthonic figuration of volcanic forces, as Hephaestus (Roman Vulcan) is their Olympian manifestation. Amongst his children by Echidna are Cerberus, the serpent-like Lernaean Hydra, the Chimaera, the hundred-headed dragon Ladon, the half-woman half-lion Sphinx, the two-headed wolf Orphus, Ethon the eagle who tormented Prometheus, and the Nemean Lion. In mythology chthonic (from Greek χθονιος-pertaining to the earth; earthy) designates, or pertains to, gods or spirits of the underworld, especially in Greek mythology. ... Vulcan, in Roman mythology, is the son of Jupiter and Juno, and husband of Maia and Venus. ... In the most ancient layers of Greek mythology Echidna (ekhis, meaning she viper) was called the Mother of All Monsters. Echidna was described by Hesiod as a female monster spawned in a cave, who mothered with her mate Typhoeus or Typhon every major monster in the Greek mythos, (Theogony, 295... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The 16th-century German illustrator has been influenced by the Beast of Revelation in his depiction of the Hydra. ... Chimera from Arezzo. ... Ladon is the hundred-headed dragon that guarded the garden of the Hesperides in Greek mythology. ... The Great Sphinx of Giza, with the Pyramid of Khafre in the background. ... In Greek mythology, Ethon or The Eagle Kaukasios was a gigantic eagle born of the monsters Typhon and Echidna. ... This article is about the mythological figure. ... The Nemean Lion was a vicious monster in Greek mythology that lived in Nemea. ...

Typhon is also the father of hot dangerous winds (Greek "typhein" to smoke), hence it is considered to be a possible etymology for the word typhoon, supposedly borrowed by the Persians as طوفان Tufân and Arabs to describe the cyclonic storms of the Indian Ocean. Zephyrus, the Greek god of the west wind, and the goddess Flora, from an 1875 painting by William-Adolphe Bouguereau. ... Etymology is the study of the origins of words. ... Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004. ... The Persians of Iran (officially named Persia by West until 1935 while still referred to as Persia by some) are an Iranian people who speak Persian (locally named Fârsi by native speakers) and often refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are a large and heterogeneous ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Radar image of a tropical cyclone in the northern hemisphere. ...

Since Herodotus Typhon has been identified with the Egyptian Set (interpretatio Graeca). In the Orphic tradition, Typhon leads the Titans when they attack and kill Dionysus, just as Set is responsible for the murder of Osiris. Bust of Herodotus at Naples Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: , Herodotos) was a historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC-ca. ... Set, in KV34 Set (also Setekh, Seth, etc) was originally a god of strength, war, storms, foreign lands (and foreigners) and deserts in Egyptian mythology. ... Interpretatio graeca is a Latin term for the common tendency of ancient Greek writers to equate foreign divinities to members of their own pantheon. ... The head of Orpheus, from an 1865 painting by Gustave Moreau. ... Dionysus with a panther and satyr, in the Palazzo Altemps (Rome, Italy) Dionysus or Dionysos (Ancient Greek: Διώνυσος or Διόνυσος; also known as Bacchus in both Greek and Roman mythology and associated with the Italic Liber), the Thracian god of wine, represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but also its... Set, in KV34 Set (also Setekh, Seth, etc) was originally a god of strength, war, storms, foreign lands (and foreigners) and deserts in Egyptian mythology. ... Osiris (Greek language, also Usiris; the Egyptian language name is variously transliterated Asar, Aser, Ausar, or Ausare) is the Egyptian God of the dead and the underworld. ...

More recently, some religious scholars have identified him with the Archangel Sandalphon. An Archangel is a superior or higher-ranking angel. ... Sandalphon (in Greek: Σανδαλφών) is an archangel in some Jewish (especially rabbinic) and Christian writings. ...

References

• Walter Burkert, Greek Religion 1985
• Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, 1955, 36.1-3
• Karl Kerenyi, The Gods of the Greeks 1951
• Calvert Watkins, How to Kill a Dragon 1995, 448-459

Walter Burkert (born Neuendettelsau (Bavaria), February 2, 1931), the most eminent living scholar of Greek myth and cult, is an emeritus professor of classics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland who has also taught in the United Kingdom and the United States. ... Portrait of Robert Graves (circa 1974) by Rab Shiell Robert von Ranke Graves (24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985) was an English scholar, poet, and novelist. ... One of the founders of modern studies in Greek mythology, Karl (Carl, Károly) Kerényi (January 19, 1897 - April 14, 1973) was born in Hungary but became a citizen of Switzerland in 1943. ... Calvert Watkins is a professor Emeritus of linguistics and the classics at Harvard University and professor-in-residence at UCLA. His doctoral dissertation was Indo-European Origins of the Celtic Verb I. The Sigmatic Aorist (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1962), which deeply reflected the structuralist approach of Jerzy Kurylowicz...