Typikon, Typicon. (Greek: τυπικόν/typikon, pl. τυπικα/typika, lit. following the order; Slavonic: ѹставъ/ustav). Liturgical book which contains instructions about the order of the various Byzantine Orthodox Christian church services and ceremonies in the form of a perpetual calendar. Those Eastern Catholic Churches that use the Byzantine rite also follow largely the same typica as their Orthodox counterparts, with minor variations. Old Church Slavonic (also called Old Church Slavic or Old Bulgarian, incorrectly Old Slavic ) is the first literary Slavic language, developed from the Slavic dialect of Solun (Thessaloniki) by 9th century Byzantine missionaries, Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius. ... From the Greek word λειτουργια, which can be transliterated as leitourgia, meaning the work of the people, a liturgy comprises a prescribed religious ceremony, according to the traditions of a particular religion; it may be refer to, or include, an elaborate... The Eastern Catholic Churches are autonomous particular Churches in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... The Byzantine Rite, sometimes called Constantinopolitan, is the liturgical rite used (in various languages) by all the Eastern Orthodox Churches and by several Eastern Rite particular Churches within the Catholic Church. ...

The typikon arose within the monastic movements of the early Christian era as a way to regulate the life a monastery. Two monastic centers have influenced the services of the Eastern Orthodox Church more than any other: the Holy Lavra of Saint Sabbas near Jerusalem and the Monastery of St John (Studium) in Constantinople. The Order of Friars Minor is a major mendicant movement founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Monastery of St. ... The Eastern Orthodox Church is a Christian body that views itself as: the historical continuation of the original Christian community established by Jesus Christ and the Twelve Apostles, having maintained unbroken the link between its clergy and the Apostles by means of Apostolic Succession. ... Alexander Nevsky Lavra In Orthodox Christianity Lavra or Laura (Greek: Λάυρα, Cyrillic: Лавра) originally meant a cluster of cells or caves for hermits, with a church and sometimes a refectory at the center. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Byzantine miniature depicting the Stoudios monastery. ... Map of Constantinople. ...

Typikon of Saint Sabbas

The Eastern Orthodox Church recognizes the the Typikon of Saint Sabbas - formally Typikon of the Church Service of the Holy Lavra at Jerusalem of our God-bearing Father St. Sabbas - as the standard of monastic uage. The original "Typikon of Saint Sabbas" was developed to organize the lavra (monastic community) that Saint Sabbas founded in Jerusalem in the year 484. It incorporated the practices and customs of existing Christian monastic communities in Palestine, Egypt, and Asia Minor, and was influenced by the Cathedral Office (services) in Jerusalem. The Typicon of Saint Sabbas was expanded in the seventh and eighth centuries to include large amounts of ecclesiastical poetry. It is also sometimes called the Sabbaite or Jerusalem Typicon. The Eastern Orthodox Church is a Christian body that views itself as: the historical continuation of the original Christian community established by Jesus Christ and the Twelve Apostles, having maintained unbroken the link between its clergy and the Apostles by means of Apostolic Succession. ... Alexander Nevsky Lavra In Orthodox Christianity Lavra or Laura (Greek: Λάυρα, Cyrillic: Лавра) originally meant a cluster of cells or caves for hermits, with a church and sometimes a refectory at the center. ... Sabbas the Sanctified (439-531/532) was a Palestinian Monastic. ... The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old Kingdoms of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to... A cathedral is a religious building for worship, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic, Anglican and some Lutheran churches, which serves as a bishops seat, and thus as the central church of a diocese. ...

Another typikon, the Palestinian Typicon, was brought to the monasteries of Constantinople during the iconoclastic controversies of the eight century, and was adopted and expanded for use in the Monastery of Stoudios. The Monastery's synthesis incorporated additional poetry and elements of the Cathedral Office of Constantinople. In the eleventh century, the Studite usage was revised and updated. From this effort, a new version of the Typikon of Saint Sabbas was created. Statues in the Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht, attacked in Reformation iconoclasm in the 16th century. ... Byzantine miniature depicting the Stoudios monastery. ...

The newly revised Typikon of Saint Sabbas became adopted widely, and by the fifteenth century had displaced both the Cathedral Office of Constantinople and the prior synthesis of the Studite Monastery, and had become the standard typikon for all the Orthodox world. Its usage was further solidified when it was published in 1545, the first printed typikon. It is still in widespread use among most Orthodox monastic communities, and in large swaths of Orthodoxy, including Russia.

Typikon of the Great Church of Christ

By the nineteenth century, the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Constantinople, headquartered at the time at Agia Sophia, The Great Church of Christ, recognized that the monastic strictures of the Typikon of Saint Sabbas, while eminently useful in a monastic or cathedral setting, were not suitable for typical parish life as experienced by most Orthodox Christians. published a new typikon with the goal of creating an order of services that could be performed in a typical parish. Thus 'The Ecclesiastical Typikon according to the Style of the Great Church of Christ - Τύπικον της εκκλησιάστικον κατα το ηυχος της του Χριστού Μεγάλης Εκκλήσιας/Tupikon Ekklisiastikon kata to ifos tis tou Christou Megalis Ekklisias (Konstantinos Protopsaltis, Constantinople, 1839) was created. Subsequent corrections and revisions were published with the new title Typikon of the Great Church of Christ - Τύπικον της του Χριστού Μεγάλης Εκκλήσιας/Tipikon tis tou Christou Megalis Ekklisias (George Violakis, Constantinople, 1888).^[1] This typikon was soon adopted by the Ecumenical Patriarchate, and is now in use by all churches under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate (for example, the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America) and most Greek-speaking churches (including the Church of Greece and the Church of Cyprus, as well as in some other Orthodox jurisdictions.^[2] The Ecumenical Patriarchate is the patriarchate of the Patriarch of Constantinople. ... The Archdiocese of America is a jurisdiction of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Patriarch of Constantinople. ... The Church of Greece is one of the fifteenth autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches which make up the Eastern Orthodox Communion. ... The ancient Cypriot Orthodox Church is one of the fourteen or fifteen independent (autocephalous) Eastern Orthodox churches, which are in communion and in doctrinal agreement with one another but not all subject to one patriarch. ...

Notes

1. ^ Bogdanos, Theodore (1993), The Byzantine Liturgy: Hymnology and Order, Greek Orthodox Diocese of Denver Choir Federation, p. xviii, ISBN 1-884432-00-X
2. ^ Mother Mary and Ware, Kallistos Timothy (1969), The Festal Menaion (3rd printing), St. Tikhon's Seminary Press, p. 543, ISBN 1-878997-00-9

External References

• www.typikon.gr, Orthodox Typikon, 2007 [in Greek].
• A Dictionary of Orthodox Terminology - Part 2, Fotios K. Litsas, Ph.D., Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, referenced December 27, 2006.
• Great Lent, Holy Week, and Pascha in the Greek Orthodox Church, Rev. Alkiviadis Calivas, Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, referenced December 27, 2006.
• Typicon of the Russian Orthodox Church, Translation project.