Tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase) (EC 1.14.18.1; CAS number: 9002-10-2) is an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of phenols (such as tyrosine) and is widespread in plants and animals. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues that catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments from tyrosine by oxidation, as in the blackening of a peeled or sliced potato exposed to air. When a person has a mutated tyrosinase gene they have albinism, a hereditary disease that one in every 17,000 person has in the United States. Hugo is a masculine name. ... The Entrez logo The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System allows access to databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. ... The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome. ... The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), which is a branch of the US National Institutes of Health. ... Swiss-Prot is a curated biological database of protein sequences created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute. ... The Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. ... In biology and evolutionary computation, a locus is the position of a gene (or other significant sequence) on a chromosome. ... Chromosome 11 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... The Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ... Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ... Generic graph showing the effect of a catalyst in an hypothetical exothermic chemical reaction. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... Phenol, also known under an older name of carbolic acid, is a colorless crystalline solid with a typical sweet tarry odor. ... Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in cheese), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta - rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta - zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta - trimerophytes Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta... Albinism (from Latin albus, meaning white) is a lack of pigmentation in the eyes, skin and/or hair. ...

Chemical Reactions

Tyrosinase carries out the oxidation of phenols such as tyrosine and catechol using dioxygen (O₂). In the presence of catechol, benzoquinone is formed (see reaction below). Hydrogens removed from catechol combine with oxygen to form water. Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in cheese), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. ... Catechol, also benzene-1,2-diol, is a phenol, with formula C6H4(OH)2. ... Dioxygen, O2, is the most common form of the element oxygen in normal conditions. ... Catechol, also benzene-1,2-diol, is a phenol, with formula C6H4(OH)2. ... Quinone is generally defined as an aromatic beneze molecule containing a double ketone functional group. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... Water is a tasteless, odorless substance that is essential to all known forms of life and is known as the universal solvent. ...

Image File history File links Catcechol-Quinone. ...

The active site in the tyrosinase enzyme contains two closely located copper atoms that interact with dioxygen to form a highly reactive chemical intermediate that then oxidizes the substrate. The activity of tyrosinase is similar to catechol oxidase, a related class of copper oxidases. Dioxygen, O2, is the most common form of the element oxygen in normal conditions. ... In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule which is acted upon by an enzyme. ... Catechol oxidase (EC 1. ... Headline text Bold textLink titleLink titleItalic textItalic textAn oxidase is any enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation/reduction reaction involving molecular oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. ...

References

• Solomon, E.I.; Chen, P.; Metz, M.; Lee, S.-K.; Palmer, A.E. (2001). "Oxygen Binding, Activation, and Reduction to Water by Copper Proteins". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40: 4570–4590. PMID 12404359..