The Tyrrhenians (Attic Greek Turrēnoi) or Tyrsenians (Ionic Tursēnoi, Doric Tursānoi) is an exonym used by Greek authors to refer to a non-Greek people. Attic Greek is the ancient dialect of the Greek language that was spoken in Attica, which includes Athens. ... Ionic Greek was a sub-dialect of the Attic-Ionic dialectal group of Ancient Greek (see Greek dialects). ... Distribution of Greek dialects, ca. ... An exonym is a name for a place or people that is created by people outside of that place and is different from the name used in the native language. ...

The origin of the name is uncertain. It is only known to be used by Greek authors, but apparently not of Greek origin. It has been connected to tursis, also a "Mediterranean" loan into Greek, meaning "tower" (see there). Direct connections with Tusci, the Latin exonym for the Etruscans, from Turs-ci were also attempted (Heubeck Praegraeca 65 f.) See also Turan, tyrant. The Eiffel Tower Fire-observation watchtower in Kostroma, Russia. ... The Etruscan civilization existed in Etruria and the Po valley in the northern part of what is now Italy, prior to the formation of the Roman Republic. ... In Etruscan mythology, Turan was the goddess of love and vitality and patroness of Vulci (cur: Volci). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Hesiod (Theogony 1015) has Hesiod (Hesiodos, ), the early Greek poet and rhapsode, presumably lived around 700 BCE. Historians have debated the priority of Hesiod or of Homer, and some authors have even brought them together in an imagined poetic contest. ...

And they [the sons of Circe ] ruled over the famous Tyrsenians, very far off in a recess of the holy islands.

The Homeric hymn to Dionysus (verses 7f.) has Tyrsenian pirates seizing Dionysus, Circe, a painting by Edward Burne-Jones. ... The anonymous Homeric Hymns are a collection of ancient Greek hymns. ... Dionysus with a panther and satyr, in the Palazzo Altemps (Rome, Italy) Dionysus or Dionysos (Ancient Greek: Διώνυσος or Διόνυσος; also known as Bacchus in both Greek and Roman mythology and associated with the Italic Liber), the Thracian god of wine, represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but also its...

Presently there came swiftly over the sparkling sea Tyrsenian pirates on a well-decked ship — a miserable doom led them on.

In the 6th to 5th centuries BC, the name referred to the Etruscans, for whom the Tyrrhenian Sea is named. There is a Greek-Etruscan bilingue at Delphi from this period where the Etruscan tribal name Velthanes is rendered as Tyrrhenoi in Greek. In Pindar (Pythian Odes 1.72), the Tyrsanoi appear grouped with the Carthaginians as a threat to Magna Graecia: (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 6th century BC started on January 1, 600 BC and ended on December 31, 501 BC. // Overview Monument 1, an Olmec colossal head at La Venta The 5th and 6th centuries BC were a time of empires, but more importantly, a... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 5th century BC started on January 1, 500 BC and ended on December 31, 401 BC. // Overview The Parthenon of Athens seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. ... The Etruscan civilization existed in Etruria and the Po valley in the northern part of what is now Italy, prior to the formation of the Roman Republic. ... Tyrrhenian Sea. ... The theatre, seen from above Delphi (Greek Δελφοί — Delphoi) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece. ... Pindar Pindar (or Pindarus / Pindaros) (522 BC – 443 BC), considered the greatest of the nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, was born at Cynoscephalae, a village in Thebes. ... This article is about the ancient city-state of Carthage in North Africa. ... Magna Graecia around 280 b. ...

I entreat you, son of Cronus, grant that the battle-shouts of the Carthaginians and Etruscans stay quietly at home, now that they have seen their arrogance bring lamentation to their ships off Cumae.

The name is also attested in a fragment by Sophocles (Inachus, fr. 256). Statue of Zeus Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at Olympia about 435 BC. The statue was perhaps the most famous sculpture in ancient Greece, imagined here in a 16th-century engraving. ... Cumae (Cuma, in Italian) is an ancient Greek settlement lying to the northwest of Naples in the Italian region of Campania. ... A Roman bust. ...

The name becomes increasingly associated with the generic Pelasgians. Herodotus (1.57) places them in Crestonia in Thrace, as neighbours of the Pelasgians. Similarly, Thucydides (4.106) mentions them together with the Pelasgians and associates them with Lemnian pirates and with the pre-Greek population of Attica. Ancient Greek writers used the name Pelasgians (Greek: Pelasgoí, s. ... Bust of Herodotus at Naples Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: , Herodotos) was a historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC-ca. ... Crestonia (Crestonice) was an ancient region immediately north of Mygdonia. ... Thrace (Greek Θράκη, Thrákē, Bulgarian Тракия, Trakija, Turkish Trakya; Latin: Thracia or Threcia) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ... Bust of Thucydides residing in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. ... Lemnos (mod. ... Attica (in Greek: Αττική, Attike; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a periphery (subdivision) in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. ...

Lemnos remained relatively free of Greek influence up to Hellenistic times, and interestingly, the Lemnos stele of the 6th century BC is inscribed with a language very similar to Etruscan. This has led to the postulation of a "Tyrrhenian language group" comprising Etruscan, Lemnian and Raetic. The Lemnian language is the language of a 6th century BC inscription found on a funerary stela on the island of Lemnos (termed the Lemnos stele, discovered in 1885 near Kaminia). ... Etruscan was a language spoken and written in the ancient region of Etruria (current Tuscany) and in parts of what are now Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna (where the Etruscans were displaced by Gauls), in Italy. ... A close relationship of the Etruscan language and the Rhaetic language has been established by Rix (1998), who together with the Lemnian language classifies them as Tyrsenian (Tyrsenisch, also Tyrrhenian), after the Tyrrhenoi. ... Raetic is an obscure language of antiquity, which used to be spoken in the province of Raetia, in the eastern Alps, to the north and west of Venetic. ...

There is thus linguistic evidence that there was indeed at least a linguistic relationship between the Lemnians and the Etruscans. The circumstances of this are disputed; while the majority of scholars would ascribe Aegean Tyrrhenians to the Etruscan expansion from the 8th to 6th centuries, putting the homeland of the Etruscans in Italy and the Alps particularly because of their relation to the Alpine Raetic population. The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ...

A minority would derive the Etruscans from a 10th century invasion from the Aegean and Anatolia imposing itself over the Italic Villanovan culture, claiming an Anatolian affiliation of the Etruscan language. This latter school of thought may point to the legend of Lydian origin of the Etruscans referred to by Herodotus (1.94), and the statement of Livy that the Raetians were Etruscans driven into the mountains by the invading Gauls. Proponents of the majority opinion may point to the very scanty evidence of a linguistic connection of Etruscan even with Indo-European, let alone Anatolian in particular, and to Dionysios of Halicarnassos who decidedly argues against an Etruscan-Lydian relationship. Greece and the Aegean Sea The Aegean sea in Greece as seen from the island of Greek: Αιγαίον Πέλαγος, Aigaion Pelagos; Turkish: Ege denizi) is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, located between the Greek peninsula and Anatolia (Asia Minor, now part of Turkey). ... Asia Minor lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. ... The Villanovan culture was the earliest Iron Age culture of central and northern Italy, abruptly following the Bronze Age Terramare culture and giving way in the 7th century to an increasingly Orientalizing culture influenced by Greek traders, which was followed without a severe break by the Etruscan civilization. ... The Anatolian languages are a group of extinct languages, either Indo-European or (in some classifications) closely related to Indo-European, which were spoken in Asia Minor, including Hittite. ... Etruscan was a language spoken and written in the ancient region of Etruria (current Tuscany) and in parts of what are now Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna (where the Etruscans were displaced by Gauls), in Italy. ... Lydian was an Indo-European language, one of the Anatolian languages, that was spoken in the city-state of Lydia in Anatolia, present day Turkey. ... A portrait of Titus Livius made long after his death. ... Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... Dionysius Halicarnassensis (of Halicarnassus), Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, flourished during the reign of Augustus. ...