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Encyclopedia > U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey

The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey was established by President Thomas Jefferson in 1807 as the Survey of the Coast. As the American continent was progressively explored, inhabited and enclosed, the bureau took responsibility for survey of the interior. In 1878 it reorganised as the Coast and Geodetic Survey (C&GS). Since 1970, the National Geodetic Survey has been part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the United States Department of Commerce.


During the nineteenth century, the remit of the Survey was rather loosely drawn and it had no competitors in federally funded scientific research. Various Superintendents developed its work in fields as diverse as astronomy, cartography, meteorology, geodesy, geology, geophysics, hydrography, navigation, oceanography, exploration, pilotage, tides and topography.


From 1836 until the establishment of National Institute of Standards and Technology in 1901, the Survey was responsible for weights and measures throughout the US.


Superintendents of the Survey (after 1919, Directors)

Superintendents of Weights and Measures

External links


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American scientist, logician, and founder of American Pragmatism; the first US writer to gain international recognition as a philosopher, Peirce criticised what he regarded as the ‘metaphysics’ which dominated European thinking, while endeavouring to construct his own system to rival that of Immanuel Kant.
After spending a year with the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Peirce graduated from Harvard in chemistry in 1863 and rejoined the Survey to make observations of lunar occultations, and continued with astronomical work until 1878.
The Survey however, was dissatisfied with his work for them and Peirce resigned in 1891, never enjoying regular employment for the remainder of his life.
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