The National Geodetic Survey is the successor agency in the United States to the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. It was first established by President Thomas Jefferson in 1807 as the Survey of the Coast. Progress moved ahead slowly and haltingly during the first 25 years. Not until August 29, 1811 did Mr. F. R. Hassler sail for Europe to obtain the proper instruments. He remained in Europe during the War of 1812, then he returned to the United States on August 16, 1815 with the proper instruments. Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 N.S. – July 4, 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–1809), author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founders of the United States. ... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler (1770-1843) was born in Aarau, Switzerland. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and British Empire from 1812 to 1815, on land in North America and at sea around the world. ... August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Battle of New Orleans 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Mr. Hassler's plans were to employ triangulation to establish his system. Work began in the vicinity of New York City in 1816. The first base line was measured and verified in 1817. A new Act of Congress interfered with the work of Mr. Hassler in 1818. The army and navy were placed at the forefront of the Survey which generated a lull in activity which lasted from 1818 to 1832. Little work was produced until another Act of Congress was passed on July 10, 1832. It re-empowered the original Act of 1807. Mr. Hassler was re-appointed as the superintendent, and field work was resumed in April, 1833. Nickname: The Big Apple Motto: Official website: City of New York Location Location in the state of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area Total 468. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Look up Act on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Act may refer to: in law, a written document that attests the legality of the transaction. ... A congress is a gathering of people, especially a gathering for a political purpose. ... Look up Act on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Act may refer to: in law, a written document that attests the legality of the transaction. ... A congress is a gathering of people, especially a gathering for a political purpose. ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Look up Act on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Act may refer to: in law, a written document that attests the legality of the transaction. ...

The Coast survey was without a superintendent during the 14 years from 1818 to 1832 when the army was the primary authority. The Navy Department was given the control of the survey from 1834 to 1836, but the Treasury department resumed the administration of the survey on March 26, 1836. Hassler died in 1843. March 26 is the 85th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (86th in leap years). ... Charles Darwin 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Professor Alexander Dallas Bache became superintendent of the Survey in 1843. Earlier in his life, he had established the first magnetic observatory. During his years as superintendent, he expanded the Survey southward along the Atlantic coast into the Florida Keys. He instituted regular and systematic observations of the tides and the Gulf Stream, and investigated magnetic forces and directions. Alexander Dallas Bache Alexander Dallas Bache (July 19, 1806 – February 17, 1867), American physicist, great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin, was born at Philadelphia. ... Palm trees in Islamorada The Florida Keys are an archipelago or cluster of about 1700 islands in the extreme southeast of the United States. ... For the album by Ocean Colour Scene, see North Atlantic Drift (album) The Gulf Stream is orange and yellow in this representation of water temperatures of the Atlantic. ...

As the American continent was progressively explored, inhabited and enclosed, the bureau took responsibility for survey of the interior. In 1878 it reorganised as the Coast and Geodetic Survey (C&GS). Since 1970, the National Geodetic Survey has been part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the United States Department of Commerce. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a scientific agency of the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere. ... The United States Department of Commerce is a Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. ...

During the nineteenth century, the remit of the Survey was rather loosely drawn and it had no competitors in federally funded scientific research. Various Superintendents developed its work in fields as diverse as astronomy, cartography, meteorology, geodesy, geology, geophysics, hydrography, navigation, oceanography, exploration, pilotage, tides and topography. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lunar astronomy: the large crater is Daedalus, photographed by the crew of Apollo 11 as they circled the Moon in 1969. ... Cartography or mapmaking (in Greek chartis = map and graphein = write) is the study and practice of making maps or globes. ... Satellite image of Hurricane Hugo with a polar low visible at the top of the image. ... It has been suggested that geodetic system be merged into this article or section. ... Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason)) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. ... Geophysics, the study of the earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic reflection and refraction, geodesy, gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods. ... Hydrography focuses on the measurement of physical characteristics of waters and marginal land. ... There are several traditions of navigation. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and appeal to a wider international audience, this article may require cleanup. ... Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e. ... Pilotage is the use of fixed visual references on the ground or sea to guide oneself to a destination. ... This article is about tides in the ocean. ... Surface of the Earth Topography, a term in geography, has come to refer to the lay of the land, or the physiogeographic characteristics of land in terms of elevation, slope, and orientation. ...

From 1836 until the establishment of National Institute of Standards and Technology in 1901, the Survey was responsible for weights and measures throughout the US. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (or NIST) formerly known as The National Bureau of Standards is a non regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce’s Technology Administration. ... Weights and measures is a term used by legal authorities in English speaking countries such as the United Kingdom for a function related to units of measurement in trade. ...

Superintendents of the Survey (after 1919, Directors)

• Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler, (1816–1818 and 1832–1843);
• Alexander Dallas Bache, (1843–1865);
• Benjamin Peirce, (1867–1874);
• Carlile Pollock Patterson, (1874–1881);
• Julius Erasmus Hilgard, (1881–1885);
• Frank Manly Thorn, (1885–1889);
• Thomas Corwin Mendenhall, (1889–1894);
• William Ward Duffield, (1894–1897);
• Henry Smith Pritchett, (1897–1900);
• Otto Hilgard Tittmann, (1900–1915);
• Ernest Lester Jones, (1915–1929);
• Raymond Stanton Patton, (1929–1937);
• Robert Francis Anthony Studds, (1938–1955);
• Henry Arnold Karo, (1955–1965);
• James C. Tison, Jr., (1965–1968);
• ...

Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler (1770-1843) was born in Aarau, Switzerland. ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1818 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Alexander Dallas Bache Alexander Dallas Bache (July 19, 1806 – February 17, 1867), American physicist, great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin, was born at Philadelphia. ... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ... For others with a similar name, see Benjamin Pierce. ... 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (October 4, 1841 - March 23, 1924) was an autodidact US physicist and meteorologist. ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... William Ward Duffield, the son of Isabella Graham (Bethune), and the Reverend George Duffield, a prominent minister in the Presbyterian Church, was born at Carlisle, Pa. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Henry Smith Pritchett (April 16, 1857 – August 28, 1939) was a U.S. astronomer and educator. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday. ... 1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1955 (MCMLV in Roman) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1955 (MCMLV in Roman) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link goes to calendar). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link goes to calendar). ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ...

Superintendents of Weights and Measures

• ...
• Joseph Saxton, (1843–1873);
• ...

1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calaber). ...

External links

• National Geodetic Survey website
• Timeline at Arlington National Cemetery website
• Explanation of survey monuments
• See an 1858 map Preliminary chart of entrance to Brazos River, Texas / from a trigonometrical survey under the direction of A. Bache ; triangulation by J.S. Williams ; topography by J.M. Wampler ; hydrography by the parties under the command of E.J. De Haven & J.K. Duer., hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
• See an 1853 map Preliminary chart of San Luis Pass, Texas / from a trigonometrical survey under the direction of A.D. Bache ; triangulation by James S. Williams ; topography by J.M. Wampler ; hydrography by the party under the command of H.S. Stellwagen ; engg. by E. Yeager & J.J. Knight ; redd. drng. by E. Freyhold., hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
• See an 1854 map Preliminary survey of the entrance to the Rio Grande, Texas / topography by W.E. Greenwell ; hydrography by the party under the command of J. Wilkinson ; drng. by W.E. Greenwell ; engd. by C.A. Knight & F.W. Benner., hosted by the Portal to Texas History.