U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay was a major ship-repair, supply, and rest and recreation facility of the United States Navy located in Zambales, Philippines. It was the largest U.S. Navy installation in the Pacific and was the largest overseas military instatllation of the United States Armed Forces after Clark Air Base was closed in 1991. The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ... Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). ... The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ... Clark Air Base is a former U.S. Air Force base on Luzon Island in the Philippines, now known as the Clark Special Economic Zone. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Spanish Period

Subic Bay's famous strategic location, sheltered anchorages, and deep water was first made known when the Spanish explorer Juan de Salcedo reported its existence to the Spanish authorities upon his return to Manila after Salcedo arrived in Zambales to establish the Spanish crown but it would be a number of years before the Spanish would consider establishing a base there. Juan de Salcedo (b. ... Manila (Filipino: Maynila) is the capital of the Philippines. ...

Cavite, which had been home to most of the Spanish fleet in the Philippines, suffered from unhealthy living conditions and was vulnerable in time of war and bad weather because of its shallow water and lack of shelter. Because of these, a military expedition was sent to Subic Bay in 1868 with orders to survey the bay to find out if it would be a suitable site for a naval yard. The Spanish explored the entire bay and concluded that it had much promise and thus reported their findings to Cavite. This report was not well-accepted in Manila as the Spanish command was reluctant to move to the provincial isolation of Subic. Finally, in 1884, a Royal Decree declared Subic Bay as a naval port. Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

On March 8, 1885, the Spanish Navy authorized construction of the Arsenal en Olongapo and by the following September, Filipino laborers were working off their taxes by working at Olongapo. To begin, the Filipinos dredged the harbor and its inner basin and built a drainage canal as the Spanish were planning to make Olongapo and their Navy yard an "island." This canal also served as a line of defense and over which the bridge at the base's Main Gate passes. When the Arsenal was finished, the Caviteño, the Santa Ana, and the San Quentin, all of which were gunboats, were assigned for its defense. To complement these gunboats, coastal artilleries were planned for the east and west ends of the station, as well as on Grande Island. March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Spanish Navy (in Spanish, Armada Española) is the martime arm of the Spanish Military. ... -1... A harbor (AmE), harbour (CwE) or haven is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ... The Canal du Midi in Toulouse, France. ... A log bridge in the French Alps near Vallorcine. ... A gunboat is literally a boat carrying one or more guns. ... Coastal artillery was the branch of armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery in coastal fortresses. ...

Seawalls, causeways and a short railway were built across the swampy tidal flats. To finish these projects, the Filipinos had to remove thousands of tons of dirt and rock from Kalalake in Olongapo to use as fill. The magnitude of this quarrying was so huge that a hill eventually disappeared and became a lagoon in the area now known as Bicentennial Park. Seawall protecting homes from storm waves and beach erosion. ... The Hindenburgdamm rail causeway across the Wadden Sea to the island of Sylt in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany In modern usage, a causeway is a road or railway elevated by a bank, usually across a broad body of water or wetland. ... A freshwater swamp This article is about the wetland type (a landform). ... A hill in Hungary with a hillside vintage garden For the landform that extends less than 600 metres above the surrounding terrain and that is smaller than a mountain, see the mountain article. ...

The main entrance to the Arsenal was the West Gate, which still stands at present. This gate was equipped with gunports and also served as jails with which to lock up criminals and this gate was connected to the South Gate, which was near the water front, by a high wall of locally-kilned stone. for other uses please see Crime (disambiguation) A crime is an act that violates a political or moral law. ...

Inside the Arsenal, the Spanish constructed a foundry, as well as other shops, which were necessary for the construction and repair of ships. The buildings were laid out in two rows on Rivera Point, a sandy patch of land jutting into the bay, and named after the incumbent Captain-General of the Philippines, Fernando Primo de Rivera. The Arsenal's showpiece was the station Commandant's headquarters, which was a one-storey building of molave and narra, and stood near today's Alava Pier and had colored glass windows. This article is about the factory that makes castings of metal. ... Fernando Primo de Rivera, also known in English by the name Prime Fernando of Creek and Sobremonte (1831-1921), was a Spanish politician and soldier. ... Commandant is a military or police title or rank and can mean any of the following: The commander of certain military corps and services, such as the Commandant of the Marine Corps and the Commandant of the Coast Guard in the United States or the Commandant of the (now obsolete... This article is about the Star Wars character. ...

The Spanish navy yard was constructed in the area that was last occupied by the U.S. Naval Ship Repair Facility.

Battle of Manila Bay

On April 25, 1898, Commodore George Dewey, Commander of the U.S. Asiatic Fleet, received word that war with Spain had been declared and was ordered to leave Hong Kong and attack the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Commodore has several meanings: Commodore International is a computer company Commodore 64 and Amiga were home computers Commodore (rank) is a naval rank Commodore (yacht club) is the senior officer of a yacht club The Holden Commodore is a type of car The Opel Commodore is a type of car... George Dewey (December 26, 1837 – January 16, 1917) was an admiral of the United States Navy, best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War. ... The Asiatic Fleet was part of the US Navy. ... Combatants United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Revolutionaries Spain Casualties 379 U.S. dead; considerably higher though undetermined Cuban and Filipino casualties Unknown[1] The Spanish-American War took place in 1898, and resulted in the United States gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in the Caribbean and... Manila Bay Ü is the harbor which serves the port of Manila (on Luzon), in the Philippines. ...

In the Philippines, Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón, realizing that Subic Bay would provide a more defensible position than Cavite, ordered his smaller ships and the batteries in Manila Bay to resist the Dewey's fleet and deny them the entrance to Manila Bay. His other units would then use Subic Bay as a sally port, with which he could attack the American fleet's rear and cut off its supplies. On the 26th, Montojo arrived at Subic Bay aboard the Reina Christina, with seven other ships. The term Rear Admiral originated from the days of Naval Sailing Squadrons, and can trace its origins to the British Royal Navy. ... Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón (1839-1917) was the Spanish naval commander at the Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898), a decisive battle of the Spanish-American War. ... An example of a Sally port, here is the main entrance to Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, Maryland. ... April 26 is the 116th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (117th in leap years). ...

On the morning of the 27th, the Castilla was towed northeast of Grande Island to help control the western entrance to Subic Bay. The eastern entrance, which was between Grande and Chiquita Islands, had been blocked by the scuttling of the San Quentin and two other vessels. On Grande Island, the four six-inch guns that had been shipped from Sangley Point were not yet installed. Meanwhile, a cable-laying ship, which was commandeered to lay mines ended up putting only 4 of the 15 available mines in place. April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... Sangley Point Naval Base is a military base of the Armed Forces of the Philippines located in Cavite City in the province of Cavite. ...

In Hong Kong, Dewey purposely delayed his sailing until he received news from the U.S. Consul at Manila, Oscar F. Williams, about information about the strength and positions of the Spanish fleet. Williams told Dewey that Montojo and his fleet had sailed to Subic Bay. Consul (abbrev. ...

On April 30, Dewey sighted the islands of Luzon and thus ordered the USS Boston and the USS Concord to sail at full speed to Subic Bay to hunt for enemy ships. After seeing no enemy vessels at Subic, the Boston and the Concord signaled the Olympia of their findings and rejoined the squadron underway to Manila. April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... Map of the Philippines showing the island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. ... At least seven United States Navy ships have borne the name Boston, in honor of the city of Boston, Massachusetts. ... Five ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Concord, after the town of Concord, Massachusetts. ... Two vessels of the United States Navy have been named USS Olympia, after the city of Olympia, Washington. ...

Dawn of May 1, 1898, the American fleet entered Manila Bay and once the ships closed to within 5,000 yards of the Spanish fleet, Dewey ordered the Captain of the Olympia to fire when ready. Montojo’s fleet was totally destroyed, losing 167 men and wounding 214. The Americans only suffered a handful of injuries and no casulaties. Dawn or civil dawn is the time at which the Sun is 6 degrees below the horizon in the morning. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the unit of measure known as the yard. ...

In June of 1898, nearly a thousand Spanish nationals left Olongapo and took refuge at Grande Island. By July, Dewey ordered the USS Raleigh and the Concord to sail for Subic Bay to demand the surrender of Grande Island. When the American ships arrived, they saw the German cruiser Irene at the island. But as the Americans cleared for action and started to head for the Irene, she fled around the other end of Grande. The Spanish garrison on the island did not resist and immediately surrendered to Captain Joseph Coghlan of the Raleigh. Look up June in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Look up July in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Four ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Raleigh, after the city of Raleigh, North Carolina, which in turn was named after Sir Walter Raleigh. ...

The Philippine-American War

During the Philippine-American War, the Americans focused on using the Spanish naval station at Sangley Point and largely ignored Subic Bay and the arsenal was occupied by Filipino forces. The Filipinos constructed a gun battery on top of a ridge using one of the six-inch guns on Grande Island.

In the summer of 1899, gunboats started patrolling Subic Bay and after realizing that the patrols would not stop, the Filipinos started to prepare to confront the Americans. During a routine patrol, the supply ship Zafiro entered Subic Bay and came under fire from the newly-constructed battery. The Zafiro withdrew to Cavite and reported the incident to headquarters. The cruiser USS Charleston was then sent to Subic to silence the battery, but as she was withdrawing, the battery gave out one last shot, provoking the Americans. For other senses of this word, see Summer (disambiguation). ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Several United States Navy ships have borne the name Charleston, after the town of Charleston, South Carolina. ...

On September 23, 1899, the Charleston, the Concord, the Monterey, and the Zafiro sailed into Subic Bay to destroy the battery. The Monterey, which was equipped with 10- and 12-inch guns opened fire upon clearing Kalaklan Point, opened fire. Under this barrage, the battery was only able to send out one whot. September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Four ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Monterey, after the Battle of Monterey in the Mexican-American War. ...

The Charleston then sent a signal for 180 sailors and 70 marines to land on Subic. This while the other ships continued firing their guns. The Filipinos then scampered into the town of Olongapo, returning small-arms fire against the Americans. When the entire landing force was ashore, the ships ceased fire and the landing party went up to the battery. In all, three charges of guncotton were placed on the battery, completely destroying it. The party then went back to their ships and sailed for Manila. While the battery was destroyed, the Filipino forces still held the navy yard as well as Olongapo. United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ... Nitrocellulose (Cellulose nitrate, guncotton) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose (e. ...

In December 1899, the American Army launched an operation to clear the countryside of insurgents; 90 soldiers from the 32d U.S. Volunteers set out to capture Olongapo. As the soldiers were entering Santa Rita, just outside of Olongapo, they met pocket resistance but after returning fire, the insurgents quickly scattered. The soldiers than proceeded to capture the navy yard. Look up December in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

When Rear Admiral John C. Watson learned of this action against the navy yard, he set out for Subic aboard the USS Baltimore, accompanied by the USS Oregon. By the the time the ships arrived, Watson would be surprised that the U.S. Army was in complete possession of the navy yard. Watson then ordered Marine Captain John Myers ashore with 100 marines to secure the navy yard. Six United States Navy ships have been named Baltimore, after the city of Baltimore, Maryland. ... Three ships of the United States Navy (and one ship of the Confederate States Navy) have been named USS Oregon, in honor of the 33rd state. ...

When the marines found the highest flagpole on the navy yard, which was in front of the hospital, they immediately raised the American flag; December 10, 1898, one year after the Treaty of Paris was signed. The Marines then took responsibility for the garrison of the navy yard while the Army took over administrative and operational control of Olongapo. A physician visiting the sick in a hospital. ... Flag ratio: 7:12; nicknames: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory The flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars... December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed on December 10, 1898, ended the Spanish-American War. ...

Drinking water was not available on the navy yard and so, water details had to be sent to the village of Binictican, near the mouth of the river of the same name. Early during the occupation of Olongapo, the town was offered as a place of refuge for Filpinos who were unsympathetic to the insurgents. After an ambush on seven Marines, the inhabitants of the villages of Binictican and Boton were ordered to move into Olongapo or be declared outlaws. Those people who owned villages in the two villages were given houses in Olongapo. Six days after the villagers settled in Olongapo, the USS Nashville shelled Binictican and Boton. After the shelling, 100 Marines completed their destruction. Drinking water Drinking water is water that is intended to be drunk by humans. ... Three ships of the United States Navy (and two of the Confederate Navy) have been named USS Nashville in honor of the capital of Tennessee. ...

The Marines then exercised civil authority over Olongapo and ordered municipal elections, appointed native policemen, gave away food to supplement poor harvests, supplied medical care and supplies, and set up a school for the teaching of the English language. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

In 1900, the General Board of the Navy made a thorough study of the naval base building program and decided that in the Philippines, they believed that the American fleet could be easily bottled up in either Manila or Subic Bays. They instead recommended Guimaras Island, south of Manila, as the most suitable site for the main American naval base in the Philippines. Admiral of the Navy George Dewey and Admiral George C. Remey, Commander of the Asiatic Fleet, disagreed. They thought Subic Bay held the greatest potential. 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ... Guimaras is an island of the Philippines. ... Manila (Filipino: Maynila) is the capital of the Philippines. ... Admiral of the Navy is a senior-most rank of a naval service, with its origins in the Middle Ages. ... George Dewey (December 26, 1837 – January 16, 1917) was an admiral of the United States Navy, best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War. ...

The Navy then called for another study with Remey as the senior member. This board then decided that Subic Bay was the most suitable and practicable place to build a naval base. A board of officers under Rear Admiral Henry C. Taylor was then appointed to develop a plan for the naval station. Extensive plans for fortifications, dockyards, drydocks, workshops, a hospital, a railroad linking Olongapo with Manila and storage facilities for 20,000 tons of coal were drawn up and submitted to the Congress. Small shipyard in Klaksvík (Faroe Islands), reparing fishing vessels Dockyards and shipyards are places which repair and build ships. ... U.S. Navy submarine USS Greeneville in dry dock following collision with a fishing boat. ... Congress in Joint Session. ...

The board requested an appropriation of one million dollars to begin building the naval station. President Theodore Roosevelt, a strong supporter of the establishment of the naval station at Subic Bay, issued an Executive Order establishing the Subic Bay Naval Reservation. The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... For the pop band, see Presidents of the United States of America. ... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... An executive order is an edict issued by a member of the executive branch of a government, usually the head of that branch. ...

Because of the establishment of the Subic Bay Naval Reservation the previous November of 1901, more troops were assigned to Subic. When the Samar force returned at the beginning of March 1902, 'its personnel were divided between Olongapo and Cavite. Cavite, however still continued to have the largest number of Marines anywhere and the Philippines and it continued to be the headquarters of the U.S. Navy because of its proximity to Manila. Look up November in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

In December 1902, Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans, Commander of the Asiatic Fleet, directed the first fleet exercise in Asian waters. An expeditionary force of 200 Marines occupied and erected guns on Grande Island. The channels on each side of the island were mined, while vessels of the fleet operated in the bay itself. The exercise was highly successful and confirmed the Admiral's opinion of the strategic advantage of Subic Bay. Look up December in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

The value of Subic Bay as a training area was recognized as the Marines practiced their marches into a wild and difficult environment. Their tasks of building bridges, roads, were also considered to be excellent training and practice in everything that a solider was supposed to do.

In June 1907, as tensions with Japan mounted, orders were secretly issued for Army and Navy forces in the Philippines to concentrate at Subic Bay. A large supply of coal and certain advanced base materials including coastal defense guns were to be moved from Cavite. This plan, however, would be opposed by other military leaders and by Governor-General Leonard Wood. An acrimonious debate would emerge and plans to build a major base in the Philippines would be discarded. Roosevelt would be disappointed by this and summed up this situation by writing that the aforementioned decision was a humilaiting exprience and instead pushed for funding for the development of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Look up June in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Coal (previously referred to as pitcoal or seacoal) is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (surface mining). ... Leonard Wood (October 9, 1860 – August 7, 1927) was a physician who served as the US Army Chief of Staff and Governor General of the Philippines. ... Satellite image of Pearl Harbor. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,941 sq mi (28,337 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ...

World War I and Inter-War Years

1933: Vought O3U-1 "Corsair" observation planes aboard the Augusta during exercises in Subic Bay

In 1917, as the United States was drawn into the Great War, all the Navy's shipyards including Subic Bay began working at a feverish pace to prepare ships for sea. American and Filipino workers would take pride in their workmanship such that destroyers that were overhauled in Subic Bay became the vanguard of Admiral William Sims's convoy. Vought is the name of several related aerospace firms. ... The fourth USS Augusta (CA-31) (originally CL-31) was a Northampton-class heavy cruiser of the United States Navy, notable for service in the Atlantic and Mediterranean during World War II, and for her occasional use as a presidential flagship carrying both Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Portrait William Sowden Sims (1858 – September 25, 1936) was an admiral in the United States Navy, who sought during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to modernize the Navy. ...

The Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 called for the limitation of naval armaments and included provisions that facilities for the repair and maintenance of American naval forces in the Philippines would be reduced. Shops were dismantled at the navy yard at Subic Bay and Fort Wint was reduced to caretaker status and personnel levels were cut. The Washington Naval Treaty limited the naval armaments of its five signatories: the United States, the British Empire, the Empire of Japan, the French Third Republic, and Italy. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Fort Hughes (Grande Island, the Philippines) was part of the Philippine Departments, Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays. ...

The Japanese government kept a close eye on activities in the Philippines for violations of the 1922 treaty. During the typhoon season of 1928, VT Squadron Five which operated Martin Torpedo aircraft out of Manila, arrived in Subic Bay on a routine training flight. A typhoon suddenly veered toward Subic Bay and the plane crews had to laid down ramps to haul the seaplanes up on the beach. The pontoons were filled with water and the planes lashed down. When the typhoon had passed, the undamaged planes were refloated and returned to their tenders at Manila. There is still dispute as to whether Japan is a constitutional monarchy or a republic. ... Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004. ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Glenn L. Martin Company was an aircraft company founded by aviation pioneer Glenn L. Martin on August 16, 1912. ...

Within three weeks, the squadron commander was informed of a Japanese complaint that the Navy had violated the treaty by increasing the facilities for plane handling at Subic Bay. The squadron commander was to provide all facts concerning the incident to the Office of the Governor-General of the Philippines so that a response could be made to the Tokyo. Tokyo , literally eastern capital) is the capital of Japan and one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. ...

Even though the facilities at Subic Bay were greatly reduced under the Coolidge administration, some ship repair capability remained, including the Dewey drydock. An earthquake on August 30, 1923, devastated Yokohama, Japan and in 72 hours, the transport ship Merritt set sail from Subic Bay, loaded with Red Cross relief supplies and 200 Filipino nurses. John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the town of Yokohama in Aomori Prefecture, see Yokohama, Aomori. ...

In the 1930's a tree-planting program was begun, transforming the naval station into a virual tropical garden, with streets lined with coconut palms, hibiscus, and gardenias. Outside activities and sports were also promoted, with a golf course being laid out where Lowry Hall last stood. Binomial name Cocos nucifera L.. The Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera L.), is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family). ... Species See text. ... Species Gardenia jasminoides Gardenia is a genus and common name of a popular garden and house plant. ... This article is about the sport of golf. ...

World War II

By mid-1940, the Nazis had overrun Europe and Japan was begining to flex its military muscle. The United States Congress therefore authorized the release of funds with which to update the Coast Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays. President Franklin D. Roosevelt would complement this by ordering the intergration of Filipino military forces into the newly-created U.S. Army Forces in the Far East. General Douglas MacArthur, who had been serving as a military advisor to the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines and was also Field Marshal of the Philippines, was ordered back to active duty with the rank of Lieutenant General with the title of Commander of the United States Forces in the Philippines and the Philippine Army. Seal of the Congress. ... The Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays (formerly, Coast Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays) were part of the US Armys Philippine Department, prior to, and during, World War II. In July 1941, these units were commanded by Major General George F. Moore, whose Philippine Coast Artillery Command... FDR redirects here. ... Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880 – April 5, 1964) was an American general and Medal of Honor recipient, who was Supreme Commander of Allied forces in the South West Pacific Area during World War II. He led the defense of Australia, and the recapture of New Guinea, the Philippines and Borneo. ... The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the political designation of the Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when the country was a commonwealth of the United States. ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Military branches  Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps and Coast Guard), Air Force Military manpower - military age  18 years of age (2001) Military manpower - availability  males age 15-49: 22,435,982 (2004 est. ...

To prepare for eventual war, Dewey Drydock, which had been at Subic Bay for 35 years was towed to Mariveles Harbor, on the tip of the Bataan Peninsula, and scuttled there on April 8, 1941 to prevent the Japanese from deriving benefit from it. Bataan is a province of the Philippines occupying the whole of Bataan Peninsula on Luzon. ... April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ...

The 4th Marine Regiment, which had been guarding legations in China, was ordered to withdraw to the Philippines. The first members of the regiment disembarked from the President Madison at Subic Bay early in the morning of November 1, 1941. The remainder arrived on December 1. The marines were housed in temporary wooden barracks and in tents at the naval station and the rifle range. 4th Marines Insignia courtesy of www. ... A Legation was the term used in diplomacy to denote a diplomatic representative office lower than an embassy. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Barracks is usally used to connote a type of military housing. ... A rifle range is an area specially constructed for target rifle shooting. ...

The freshly-arrived Marines were assigned to provide land defense for Subic Bay. Seaward defenses included the batteries at Fort Wint on Grande Island and a minefield, which had been laid off the entrance to Subic Harbor. As the Marines built beach defenses, Consolidated PBY-4 Catalinas from VP-109 of Patrol Wing 10, which was stationed at Subic Bay, were conducting daily patrols off Luzon as a response to rumors that the Japanese were approaching the Philippines. On December 11, 7 Catalinas had just returned from patrol when Japanese Zeroes appeared and strafed the aircraft. One Ensign was killed and all Catalinas sank to the bottom of Subic Bay's inner basin. Fort Hughes (Grande Island, the Philippines) was part of the Philippine Departments, Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays. ... PBY Catalina was the US Navy designation for an American and Canadian-built flying boat of the 1930s and 1940s. ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Mitsubishi A6M5 Zero Model 52 The Mitsubishi A6M was a light-weight carrier-based fighter aircraft employed by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1940 to 1945. ... It has been suggested that naval ensign be merged into this article or section. ...

As the Japanese continued their advance through Luzon, telephone and telegraph lines between Manila and Olongapo were sabotaged; as a result, all Japanese in Olongapo were rounded up and turned over to the Provost-Marshall. A priest had also been questioning Marines and Filipinos about sensitive matters such as troop positions and strength and after the Marines became suspicious, a search of the priest's belongings was ordered and a shortwave radio was found. Right there and then, the battalion commander convened a hearing and after intense interrogation, the priest confessed to being a member of the German-American Bund and had been a spy for the Japanese. The man was then brought to the back of the church and shot by a Marine firing squad. An old rotary telephone This article is about telephone technology. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... Roman Catholic priests in traditional clerical clothing. ... This article is about an album. ... The German-American Bund, or German American Federation, was an American Nazi organization established in the 1930s. ...

By December 24, the situation at Subic had become hopeless and an order to destroy the station and withdraw was given. All buildings on the station were torched while Filipinos burned the entire town of Olongapo. All that remained on Subic was the former USS New York, and she was towed into a deep part of the bay and scuttled. All Marines withdrew to Bataan and eventually to Corregidor where they made their last stand. December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... There have been at least five United States Navy ships that have borne the name New York, after the 11th state. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Bataan Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Balanga City Founded: —1754 Population: 2000 census—557,659 (46th largest) Density—406 per km² (12th highest) Area: 1,373. ...

Fort Wint, under the command of Colonel Napoleon Boudreau of the U.S. Army, was evacuated on December 25. All equipment and supplies were destroyed. On January 10, 1942, soldiers of the Japanese Imperial Army's 14th Infantry Division marched into Olongapo and on the 12th, the Japanese commandereed native fishing boats to seize Grande Island. Subic Bay Naval Station was established with 4 companies of soldiers and a company of Kempeitai. Colonel is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining. ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... The Imperial Japanese Army (大日本帝国陸軍 Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun) was in existence from the Meiji Reformation to the end of World War II. It was created to replace the traditional Japanese samurai with a modern Western-style conscript army. ... The Kempeitai (憲兵隊, Law Soldier Regiment) were the military police of the Imperial Japanese Army. ...

Within one week of the Japanese's occupation of Subic Bay and Grande Island, American PT Boats at Cavite were ordered to attack a Japanese ship, which was anchored at Subic Bay, that was shelling American positions. PT-31 and PT-34 entered the bay separately. PT-31 suffered engine trouble and ran a reef aground. She was abandoned and destroyed. PT-34 entered undetected and sunk a 5,000-ton transport that was off-loading supplies. She was then taken under heavy fire but managed to escape undamaged. PT boats in line A PT boat was a motor torpedo boat (hull classification symbol PT, for Patrol Torpedo), a small, fast vessel used by the United States Navy in World War II to attack larger surface ships. ... A reef surrounding an islet. ...

PT-32 was then ordered into Subic Bay and attacked and hit a light cruiser on February 1. On the 17th, PT-34 made a final but unsuccessful attack at Subic Bay after which all PT Boats were ordered to leave the Philippines. February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

To protect Subic Bay, the Japanese garrisoned Fort Wint with anti-aircraft artillery and automatic weapons but did not repair the American guns nor build permanent fortification. American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ... M2 machine gun An automatic firearm is a firearm that will continue to load and fire rounds of ammunition as long as the trigger (or equivalent) is activated or until it runs out of ammunition. ...

The Japanese then started ship-building at Subic Bay and began constructing wooden auxiliary vessels. Several hundred workers from occupied-China and Formosa were brought in as laborers, in addition to 1,000 Filipinos. Nine ships were built and shipped to Cavite for engine installation, however, none of the ships would see active service as they were destroyed by U.S. Navy aircraft. Formosa is a place name which comes from Portuguese and old Spanish word formosa (*from latin formosus, meaning beautiful). The following places bear the name: The geographically named island of Formosa, upon which the Taiwanese live, also sometimes called the Republic of China Formosa Strait (Taiwan Strait) Formosan languages, the...

One the few buildings that were left standing from the bombing and subsequent torching of the station was the Catholic church. The Japanese removed all religious articles and converted it into a movie theater and was later used to imprison Americans and Filipinos that had been captured. Those who died were buried behind the church in a common cemetery. When all the prisoners were shipped to Manila, the Japanese used the church as a stable for horses. A typical multiplex (AMC Promenade 16 in Woodland Hills, California). ...

On October 20, 1944, four U.S. Army divisions aboard 650 U.S. Navy vessels landed at Palo, Leyte, fulfilling MacArthur's promise to return to the Philippines. On December 13, the Japanese began evacuating civilians and non-essentials from Manila aboard the Oryoku Maru and four other merchant ships. As the ship was heading for Japan, fighter aircraft from the USS Hornet attacked the ships and left hundred of Japanese dead or wounded. The Oryoku Maru, heavily damaged with a destroyed steering gear, pulled into Subic Bay. Throughout the night, the Japanese disembarked while the American and Allied prisoners, that were carried below decks, were left aboard. October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Palo is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. ... December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... An A-10 Thunderbolt II, F-86 Sabre, P-38 Lightning and P-51 Mustang fly in formation during an air show at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. ... Eight ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Hornet, after the stinging insect. ...

The next morning, Japanese guards ordered the prisoners to come up on deck. As Navy aircraft began to strafe the ships, the prisoners started frantically running about. As the pilots approached, they recognized the white shapes as Americans or Allies and sharply pulled up, rocking their wings in recognition. Afterwards, the 1,360 surviving Allied prisoners were forced to strip and swim ashore where they were crowded into a fenced tennis court near the Spanish Gate. Empty tennis courts. ...

Early the succeeding morning, three fighters scored two direct hits on the Oryoku Maru and she burst into flames. After burning for two hours, she settled into the water about 100 yards off Alava Pier.

When the planes had left the Japanese served the prisoners their first meal since leaving Manila 2 days before: 2 teaspoons of dry, raw rice. There was only one faucet from which the water trickled out so slowly that a prisoner was lucky if he managed one drink every 18 hours. Roll call was taken each morning. Those that had died during the night were buried in an improvised cemetery next to the seawall. After four days at Subic, only 450 survived the makeshift prison; they were subsequently sent to the labor camps in Japan.

By January 1945, the Japanese had all but abandoned Subic Bay. The U.S. Fifth Air Force had dropped 175 tons of bombs on Grande Island evoking only light fire from the skeleton Japanese force manning the anti-aircraft guns. The commander of Japanese forces in the Philippines, General Tomoyuki Yamashita, had withdrawn his forces into defensive mountain positions and ordered Colonel Sanenbou Nagayoshi to block Highway 7 near Subic Bay. January is the first month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... The Fifth Air Force (5AF), with headquarters currently located at Yokota Air Base,Japan, is one of very few numbered air forces of the United States Air Force never to have been based in the United States itself. ... Tomoyuki Yamashita, 1945 General Tomoyuki Yamashita (山下 奉文 Yamashita Tomoyuki) (November 8, 1885 – February 23, 1946) was a general of the Japanese Army during the World War II era. ...

On January 29, 40,000 American troops of the 38th Division and 34th Regimental Combat Team came ashore without resistance at San Antonio, Zambales, by the site of what became known as the San Miguel Naval Communications Station. The column advanced toward Subic Bay, meeting their first resistance at the bridge spanning the Kalaklan River near the Olongapo Cemetery. The Japanese, knowing that they would imminently lose the town, decided to destroy Olongapo. Eventually, the Japanese evacuated the town and the 34th Regiment took over. January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... San Antonio is a municipality in the province of Zambales in the Philippines. ...

The following day, Grande Island was taken and Navy minesweepers began clearing the bay. Engineers of the 38th Division remained in Olongapoe to begin reactivation of Subic Bay Naval Station. Bridges, buildings and the water distilling plant were repaired and the beaches and streets were cleared. Soon enough, LSTs were making dry-ramp landings near the town of Subic. USS Pivot (AM 276) World War II United States Admirable Class Minesweeper shown in the Gulf of Mexico on sea trials 12 July 1944 Image:Hameln Class. ... The tank landing ship (LST, for Landing Ship, Tank) was created during World War II to support amphibious operations by carrying significant quantities of vehicles, cargo, and troops directly onto an unimproved shore. ... Subic is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. ...

While Army engineers were busy around Subic Bay, the remaining troops moved east along Highway 7, planning to cross the base of Bataan to meet elements of the Army's U.S. XIV Corps, which were moving west on the same road. on the morning of January 31, 1945, the Americans began climbing the forested hills of Zig Zag Pass and into a hornet's nest of Japanese. Shoulder Sleeve Insignia of the U.S. XIV Corps. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In the first 3 days at Zig Zag Pass the U.S. 152nd had more casualties than during 78 days of combat in Leyte. General Henry L. C. Jones was relieved and command of the 38th was given to General Roy W. Easley who used P-47s for air support. The planes began an intensive strafing and bombing of the jungle and dropped napalm on the Japanese positions. The Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, or Jug as it was known, was one of the main US Army Air Force (USAAF) fighters of World War II. The P-47 was a big, rugged, overbuilt aircraft that was effective in air combat but proved particularly useful as a fighter-bomber. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ...

After 15 days of fighting the enemy positions were finally overrun. The Japanese had succeeded in their mission to slow the American advance but lost more than 2,400 troops. American losses had been 1,400 killed.

After the War

Immediately after the liberation of the Philippines, Subic Bay was designated Naval Advance Unit No. 6, housing a submarine and a motor torpedo boat base unit. Grande Island was reoccupied and garrisoned with 155-mm. guns and anti-aircraft guns but was never developed again as a permanent coastal defense fort. In 1963, most of the remaining guns were moved back to the United States to be displayed in coastal defense parks. A few years after the war and until Subic Bay was handed over to the Philippine government, Grande Island was used as a fleet recreation area. A model of Gunter Priens Unterseeboot 47 (U-47), German WWII Type VII diesel-electric hunter-killer (SSK) submarine USS Virginia, a Virginia-class nuclear attack (SSN) submarine German UC-1 class World War I submarine A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ... Motor Torpedo Boats (MTB) was the name given to fast torpedo boats by the US and Royal Navies. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... The Philippines has a representative democracy modeled on the United States system. ...

Marines destined for the occupation of Subic Bay landed at Manila on September 26, 1945. They were designated as the 26th Provisional Company and assumed naval base security duties from the Army. September 26 is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 96 days remaining. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ...

July 1945 a naval supply depot was established at Maquinaya, about 3 miles from the main base, along with an Advance Base Construction Depot and the 115th Seabees. These combined activities boosted the number of civilian personnel to a peak of 9,000 in 1946. The official motto of the Seabees, the United States Navy Construction Battalions, is Construimus, Batuimus—We Build, We Fight. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

The town of Olongapo was re-established across the drainage canal on its present site, about 1,000 yards inland from where it stood before the War. The town was patterned after an American town with streets laid out along straight lines, both horizontally and vertically. Even though Philippine Independence was granted on July 4, 1946, Olongapo remained under the administration of the U.S. Naval Reservation. The Commanding Officer of the Naval Station was also chairman of the town council, the school board, the hospital board and other governing bodies. July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... In military organizations, the commanding officer (CO) is the officer in command of a military unit. ... This article or section should be merged with board of education A school board (or school committee) is an elected council that helps determine educational policy in a small regional area, such as a city, state, or province. ...

On March 14, 1947 the Military Bases Agreement was signed granting the United States a 99-year lease for 16 bases or military reservations including Subic Bay as well as the administration of the town of Olongapo. March 14 is the 73rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (74th in leap years) with 292 days remaining in the year. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

The need for a naval air station was realized during the Korean War. Admiral Arthur W. Radford, Chief of Naval Operations conceived of the construction of a naval air station at Cubi Point, which was then a rugged and jungle covered finger of land 3 miles from Subic Naval Base. He pictured the air station as a vital link in the defense of the Southwest Pacific. Combatants Western Allied/UN combatants: South Korea United States United Kingdom Communist combatants: North Korea Peoples Republic of China Soviet Union Commanders Douglas MacArthur, Jeong Il-Gwon Kim Il-sung, Peng Dehuai Strength Note: All figures may vary according to source. ... Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. ... Arthur William Radford (February 27, 1896 – August 17, 1973) was an U.S. Navy Admiral, Commander-in-Chief of the United States Pacific Command and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. ... The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) is the senior military officer in the United States Navy. ...

In spite of the magnitude of the job and the tremendous difficulties the construction involved, the project was approved by The Pentagon. Civilian contractors were intially tapped to fulfill the project but after taking seeing the forbidding Zambales Mountains and the maze of jungle at Cubi Point, they claimed it could not be done. The Navy's Seabees were then given the project and in 1951, the Seabees began the first phase of the project. The first Seabees to arrive were MCB-3 on October 2, 1951; the second, MCB-5, arrived on November 5, 1951. A pre-9/11 view of The Pentagon, looking east with the Potomac River and Washington Monument in the distance. ... The official motto of the Seabees, the United States Navy Construction Battalions, is Construimus, Batuimus—We Build, We Fight. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... October 2 is the 275th day (276th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 90 days remaining. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...

The first problem encountered was the transfer of an entire town. The town of Banicain stood on the site of the proposed airfield and so had to be moved to the community of Olongapo where it became New Banicain. The former Banicain now lies under 45 feet of earth. Olongapo City is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the province of Zambales, Philippines. ...

The next problem involved the moving of mountains and the building of a 10,000 feet long airstrip that stretches out into Subic Bay, along the waterfront and out into the sea. It was one of the largest earthmoving projects in the world, equivalent to the construction of the Panama Canal. A canal tug, making its way down to the Caribbean end of the canal, waits to be joined by a ship in the uppermost chamber of the Gatun Locks. ...

In all, it took five years and an estimated 20-million man-hours to build this Navy base. At Cubi Point Seabees cut a mountain in half to make way for a nearly two-mile long runway. They blasted coral to fill a section of Subic Bay, filled swampland, moved trees as much as 150 feet tall and six to eight feet in diameter, and relocated a native fishing village. Mount McKinley (Denali) in Alaska (USA) has the largest visible base-to-summit elevation difference on Earth. ... Subclasses Alcyonaria Zoantharia See text for orders. ... Subic Bay is a bay on the west coast of the island of Luzon in the Philippines, about 100km northwest of Manila Bay. ... A freshwater swamp A swamp is a wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. ...

The $100 million facility was commissioned on July 25, 1956 and comprised an air station and an adjacent pier that was capable of docking the Navy's largest carriers. July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 159 days remaining. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

By the mid-1950s Olongapo grew rapidly as the naval station expanded in response to the communist threat in Southeast Asia. The Navy began a $1.5 million construction plan for the development of the town. The 1950s were the decade that traditionally speaking, spanned the years 1950 through 1959. ...

It was also during the 1950's that Subic Bay became home to the major medical facility, the U.S. Naval Hospital, Subic Bay. On 13 July 1956, the hospital first opened its doors as U.S. Naval Station Hospital, Subic Bay and was designated for 90 operating beds with facilities for expansion to 141 beds, covering all primary clinical specialties. Insert non-formatted text here July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

At the same time, a growing number of Filipinos, both in Olongapo and Manila, began to call for the separation of Olongapo from the naval reservation and return the town to Filipino control. They felt that Olongapo, for all practical purposes, was American territory where the 60,000 Filipino inhabitants were aliens. As a result of negotiations, certain reforms were instituted:

• Olongapo High School was turned over to the Philippine government, and
• membership in the town council was made elective.

On December 7. 1959, under provisions of the RP-US Military Bases Agreement, the United States relinquished Olongapo to the Philippine government. Included in the turnover were water, electrical and telephone systems valued at $6 million. December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Vietnam War

The Klondike beside the Tausig, the Bole, the Lofberg; and the John W. Thomason in Subic Bay

.The Vietnam War placed tremendous workload on Subic Bay. The base became the service station and supermarket for the U.S. Seventh Fleet after the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964. From an average of 98 ship visits a month in 1964, the average shot up to 215 by 1967, with about 30 ships in port on any given day. A new record was set in October 1968 with 47 ships in port. USS Taussig (DD-746), an -class destroyer, was named for Edward D. Taussig, a Rear Admiral of the United States Navy whose career spanned over 50 years. ... USS (DD-755), an -class destroyer, was the NNth ship of the United States Navy to be named for Lieutenant Commander John Archibald Bole, Jr. ... USS Lofberg (DD-759), an -class destroyer, is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Gus Brynolf Lofberg, Jr. ... USS (DD-760), an -class destroyer, is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for John William Thomason, Jr. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) United States of America South Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Peoples Republic of China Strength ~1,200,000 (1968) ~420,000 (1968) Casualties South Vietnamese dead: 230... Exterior appearance of typical American supermarket (a Safeway) A supermarket or grocery store is a store that sells a wide variety of food. ... The United States 7th Fleet is a naval military unit based in Yokosuka, Japan. ... Chart showing the US Navy’s interpretation of the events of the first part of the Gulf of Tonkin incident The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a pair of alleged attacks by North Vietnamese gunboats on two American destroyers, the USS Maddox and the USS , in August of 1964 in... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Look up October in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ...

More than $63 million of construction projects were contracted between 1964 and 1968. The Main Exchange and recreation complex near the main gate as well as 100 housing units were constructed. The 4,224,503 sailors who visited Subic Bay in 1967 helped the Navy Exchange record the largest volume of sales of any exchange in the world, more than $25 million.

Although the American military and civilian population totaled about 4,300 and Filipino workers numbered more than 15,000, the Ship Repair Facility (SRF) was neither outfitted or manned for the increasing workload and emergency peaks generated by the war. SRF workers worked 12-hour shifts for an average of over 60 hours per week. The physical plant consisted of quonset huts, which were put up after World War II, and workers used obsolete tools and equipment. To increase the capabilities of the repair facility, the number of repair ships and tenders was increased from 2 to 3. When the New York Navy Yard was decommissioned, it provided a quick source of needed machine tools and equipment and additional floating drydocks were activated. A typical Quonset hut A Quonset hut is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated steel having a semicircular cross section. ... The New York Naval Shipyard (NYNSY), also known as the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the New York Navy Yard and United States Navy Yard, New York, is located 1. ...

The fire-ravaged USS Forrestal was repaired in August of 1967 before her return to the United States for a complete overhaul. Destroyers O'Brien, Ozbourn, Turner Joy and Edson, damaged by North Vietnamese shore batteries, were repaired, as were amphibious assault craft, river patrol boats and other small craft. A 600-foot extension to Alava pier was completed in 1967 significantly increasing berthing capacity. USS Forrestal (CVA-59) (later CV-59 and AVT-9) was a United States Navy aircraft carrier, the lead ship of a new class of supercarriers, named after Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal. ... August is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... USS OBrien (DD-725), an -class destroyer, was the 4th ship of the United States Navy to be named for Captain Jeremiah OBrien, who along with his five brothers, Gideon, John, William, Dennis, and Joseph, were crewmembers of the sloop Unity when it captured the HMS Margaretta at... USS Turner Joy (DD-951) was a Forrest Sherman-class destroyer in the United States Navy. ... USS Edson (DD-946) was a Forrest Sherman-class destroyer of the United States Navy, named for Colonel Merritt “Red Mike” Edson USMC (1897–1955), who was awarded the Medal of Honor while serving as Commanding Officer of the First Marine Raider Battalion. ... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cá»™ng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, September 2nd1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

The Naval Supply Depot (NSD) handled the largest volume of fuel oil of any Navy facility in the world, with more than 4 million barrels of fuel oil processed each month. An offshore fueling terminal began operation in September 1967, allowing commercial tankers to unload fuel oil and aviation gas without docking at the busy fuel pier. The depot also supplied Clark Air Base with aviation fuel through a 41-mile pipeline. In addition to its fuel operations, NSD also stocked over 200,000 various items for use by the fleet. In June 1968 a fire of unknown origin destroyed a warehouse with the loss of 18,000 1ine items worth more than $10 million. Look up September in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Clark Air Base is a former U.S. Air Force base on Luzon Island in the Philippines, now known as the Clark Special Economic Zone. ... Look up June in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ...

NAS Cubi Point served as the primary maintenance, repair and supply center for the 400 carrier based aircraft of the Seventh Fleet's carrier force. The jet engine shop turned out 2 jet engines a day to keep pace with the demands of the air war in Vietnam. A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ...

Harbor Clearance Unit One was activated at Subic Bay in 1966 with the mission of salvaging ships from the rivers and harbors of Vietnam. Two of the biggest jobs were the salvaging of the Baton Rouge Victory from the Saigon River and the raising of the 170-foot dredge Jamaica Bay from the Mỹ Tho River. Both jobs were accomplished despite continuous harassment by enemy sniper fire. 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... Saigon River, a name taken from a Vietnamese Song Sai Gon is a river located in southern Vietnam that rises near Phum Daung, southeastern Cambodia, and flows south and south-southeast for about 140 miles (225 km) to the Mekong Delta. ...

On June 3, 1968 the Royal Australian Navy carrier Melbourne collided with the USS Frank E. Evans about 240 miles southwest of Manila. The USS Kearsarge brought 196 of the 199 survivors to Subic Bay. A Joint Australian/U.S. Board of Inquiry convened on June 9 in the library of George Dewey High School, the same day the stern section of the Evans arrived under tow by a tug. It was stripped and towed to sea as a gunnery target. June 3 is the 154th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (155th in leap years), with 211 days remaining. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... HMS Majestic (R77) was the lead ship of her class of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy. ... USS (DD-754), an class destroyer, was named in honor of a leader of the American Expeditionary Force in France during World War I. Her keel was laid down at the Bethlehem Steel Company of Staten Island, New York. ... The third USS Kearsarge (CV-33) (also CVA-33 and CVS-33) was a United States Navy Ticonderoga-class aircraft carrier. ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ...

On June 12, 1968 General William Westmoreland visited Subic Bay and thanked its personnel for their support while he was the commander of the American forces in Vietnam. During the first 6 months of 1968, Subic Bay had supplied allied ships in Vietnam that had fired 600,000 rounds of naval ordnance at the enemy. A total of 5,077 underway replenishments had been performed by supporting ships out of Subic Bay. June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... General William Westmoreland William Childs Westmoreland (March 26, 1914 – July 18, 2005) was a U.S. Army General who commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War at its peak from 1964 to 1968 and who served as US Army Chief of Staff from 1968 to 1972. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... Ordnance is a general term for a quantity of military equipment, usually specifying the ammunition for artillery, bombs, or other large weapons. ...

Following the fall of Saigon in the summer of 1975 hundreds of thousands of refugees fled Vietnam. Thousands of these refugees were rescued at sea by U.S. Navy ships and taken to Subic Bay. A temporary processing center that handled thousands of refugees was set up on Grande Island in 1975. They were later taken to the Philippine Refugee Processing Center in Morong, Bataan. Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Thành Chí Minh) is the largest city in Vietnam, located near the delta of the Mekong River. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Philippine Refugee Processing Center (PRPC) A large facility in a remote location of the Philippines used as the final stop for Indochinese refugees making their way to permanent resettlement in other nations. ... Morong is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bataan, Philippines. ...

The Military Bases Agreement of 1947 was amended in 1979, changing the role of the Americans at Subic Bay from landlord to guest. The amendment confirmed Philippine sovereignty over the base and reduced the area set aside for U.S. use from 24,400 hectares to 6,300 hectares. Philippine troops assumed responsibility for the perimeter security of the base to reduce incidents between U.S. military and Philippine civilians. The unhampered operation of U.S. forces was assured. The U.S. granted the Philippines $500 million in military sales credits and supporting assistance. This page refers to the year 1979. ...

Closure

An aerial view of Cubi Point, and in the background, Naval Station Subic Bay

On June 15, 1991, Mount Pinatubo, just 20 miles from Subic Bay, exploded with a force 8 times greater than the Mount St. Helens eruption. Day turned to night as volcanic ash blotted out the sun. Volcanic earthquakes and heavy rain, lightning and thunder from a typhoon passing over northern Luzon made Black Saturday a 36-hour nightmare. June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mount Pinatubo is an active volcano located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, at the intersection of the borders of the provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga. ... Mount St. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

By Sunday morning, when the volcano's fury subsided, Subic Bay, once one of the most beautiful and well-maintained Navy bases in the Pacific, lay buried under a foot of the rain-soaked, sandy ash. Sunday is traditionally the first day of the Judaeo-Christian seven-day week, between Saturday and Monday, and the second day of the weekend in some cultures. ...

Buildings everywhere collapsed under the weight of the coarse gray ash. Two girls, one a nine-year-old American and the other a Filipino citizen, died when trapped under a falling roof at George Dewey High School. In the city of Olongapo, more than 60 volcano-related deaths were reported, including eight who were crushed when part of Olongapo General Hospital collapsed.

By Sunday night, the threat of continued eruptions combined with the lack of water and electricity, led to the decision to evacuate all dependents. U.S. warships and cargo planes began the emergency evacuation of thousands of Navy and Air Force dependents. Seven Navy ships sailed Monday, June 17, with 6,200 dependents. A total of 17 ships, including the aircraft carriers, USS Abraham Lincoln and USS Midway evacuated all 20,000 dependents over the next few days. The evacuees were taken by ship to Mactan Air Base and then were airlifted by U.S. Air Force C-141 Starlifters to Andersen Air Force Base at Guam. Monday (pron. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... Two United States Navy ships have borne the name Abraham Lincoln, in honor of the 16th President. ... Three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Midway, the first after Midway Atoll, the second and third in memory of the Battle of Midway. ... Seal of the Air Force. ... The Lockheed C-141 Starlifter is a military strategic airlifter in service with the US Air Force. ... A B-1B at Andersen This B-2 Spirit was photographed in 2004 at Andersen Andersen Air Force Base is a base of the United States Air Force on the island of Guam in the Pacific Ocean. ...

After the dependents were evacuated, an intense clean-up was begun. All hands, American service members and Filipino base employees, worked around the clock to restore essential services.

Clark Air Base, much closer to Mount Pinatubo, was declared a total loss and plans for a complete closure were started.

Within two weeks NAS Cubi Point was back in limited operation. Soon, most buildings had electricity and water restored. By mid-July service had been restored to most family housing units. The dependents began returning September 8, 1991 and by the end of the month almost all were back at Subic Bay from the United States. Look up July in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Many months before the expiration of the Military Bases Agreement of 1947 on September 16, 1991, intense negotiations between the governments of the United States and the Philippines began. These negotiations resulted in the Treaty of Friendship, Peace and Cooperation between the United States and the Republic of the Philippines. This would have extended the lease of the American bases in the Philippines. September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On September 13, 1991, the Philippine Senate rejected the ratification of this treaty, citing a number of reasons for the rejection. This was a devastating blow to the Aquino administration, who were strongly pro-treaty and even called for a referendum by the Filipino people; a move that was declared unconstitutional. September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Senate of the Philippines is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress of the Philippines. ... Corazón Aquino María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (born January 25, 1933), widely known as Cory Aquino, was President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. ...

In December of 1991, the two governments were again in talks to extend the withdrawal of American forces for three years but this broke down as the United States refused to spell out in detail their withdrawal plans or say if nuclear weapons were kept on base; nuclear weapons were forbidden on Philippine soil. Finally, on December 27, President Corazon Aquino, who fought to delay the pullout to cushion the country's battered economy, issued a formal notice for the U.S. to leave what has been the U.S.'s largest overseas defense facility after Clark Air Base was closed, by the end of 1992. Look up December in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Clark Air Base is a former U.S. Air Force base on Luzon Island in the Philippines, now known as the Clark Special Economic Zone. ...

During 1992, tons of materiel including drydocks and equipment, were shipped to various Naval Stations. Ship-repair and maintenance yards as well as supply depots were relocated to other Asian countries including Japan and Singapore. Finally, on November 24, 1992, the American Flag was lowered in Subic for the last time and the last 1,416 Sailors and Marines at Subic Bay Naval Base left by plane from NAS Cubi Point and by the USS Belleau Wood. And for the first time since the 16th century, the Philippines was, and still is, free of foreign military forces. 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Flag ratio: 7:12; nicknames: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory The flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars... USS Belleau Wood (LHA-3), nicknamed Big Dawg, was the third United States Navy Tarawa-class amphibious assault ship. ...

Reference

Anderson, G. R. (1991). Subic Bay: From Magellan to Mt. Pinatubo.

See also

• Naval Air Station Cubi Point
• U.S. Naval Hospital, Subic Bay
• U.S. Naval Station Sangley Point
• San Miguel Naval Communications Station
• Mount Santa Rita Naval Link Station

External links

• Subic Bay-U.S. Marines reunion site
• Revisiting Subic Bay Naval Base

Coordinates: 14°48′27.583761899111607″N, 120°17′33.554534912109375″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...