United States Steel Corporation
Type	Public (NYSE: X)
Founded	1901
Headquarters	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Key people	John P. Surma, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Jim Garraux, General Counsel and Senior Vice President-Labor Relations & Environmental Affairs Gretchen Haggerty, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer John H. Goodish, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer John J. Connelly, Senior Vice President - Strategic Planning & Business Development Thomas W. Sterling, Senior Vice President - Human Resources and Business Services
Industry	Metals
Products	Steels integrated steel products mining real estate engineering rail transport consulting
Revenue	US$14.45 billion (2004)
Employees	48,000
Website	[[1]]

The United States Steel Corporation (NYSE: X) is an integrated steel producer with major production operations in the United States and Central Europe. The company is the world's seventh-largest steel producer ranked by sales (see list of steel producers). It was renamed USX Corporation in 1991 and subsequently United States Steel Corporation again in 2001 when the shareholders of USX spun off its steel-making assets following the acquisition of Marathon Oil in 1982. It is still the largest domestically owned integrated steel producer in the United States, although it produces only slightly more steel than it did in 1902. Image File history File links Uss2. ... The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania. ... “Pittsburgh” redirects here. ... John P. Surma (1954 in Pittsburgh - ) is the chief executive officer and chairman of the board of United States Steel Corporation. ... For alternative meanings see metal (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... Chuquicamata, the second largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ... Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ... Engineering is the applied science of acquiring and applying knowledge to design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... French 1912 drawing of typical elements of railways Railway tracks running through Stanhope railway station in North East England, UK A railway yard in Portland, Oregon. ... For other uses, see Consultant (disambiguation). ... Look up revenue in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Indian Ocean Territory,[1] the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 2. ... For the album by the Kaiser Chiefs see Employment (album) Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... This article summarizes the world steel production by company. ... Marathon Oil Corporation (NYSE: MRO), based in Houston, Texas, is a worldwide oil and natural gas exploration and production company. ...

U.S. Steel is a former Dow Jones Industrial Average component listed from April 1, 1901 to May 3, 1991. It was removed under its USX Corporation name with Navistar International and Primerica Corporation. Linear graph of the DJIA from 1901 until today Logarithmic graph of the DJIA from 1901 until today The Dow Jones Industrial Average (NYSE: DJI, also called the DJIA, Dow 30, or informally the Dow Jones or The Dow) is one of several stock market indices created by nineteenth-century... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...

History

J. P. Morgan, Elbert H. Gary, and Andrew Carnegie founded U.S. Steel in 1901 (incorporated on February 25) by combining the steel operations owned by Andrew Carnegie with Gary's Federal Steel Company and several smaller companies for $492 million. It was capitalized at $1.4 billion, making it the world's first billion-dollar corporation. At one time, U.S. Steel was the largest steel producer and largest corporation in the world. The federal government attempted to use federal antitrust laws to break up U.S. Steel in 1911, but that effort ultimately failed. Time and competitors have, however, accomplished nearly the same thing. In its first full year of operation, U.S. Steel made 67 percent of all the steel produced in the United States. It now produces less than 10 percent. This article is about the financier. ... Elbert Henry Gary (1846- ) was an American lawyer and corporation official, born at Wheaton, Ill. ... Andrew Carnegie (last name pronounced , )[1] (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish industrialist, businessman, a major philanthropist, and the founder of Pittsburghs Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Steel. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Andrew Carnegie (last name pronounced , )[1] (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish industrialist, businessman, a major philanthropist, and the founder of Pittsburghs Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Steel. ... This article describes the government of the United States. ... This article is about anti-competitive business behavior. ...

The Corporation, as it was known on Wall Street, always distinguished itself to investors by virtue of its size, rather than for its efficiency or creativeness during its heyday. In 1901, it controlled two-thirds of steel production. Because of heavy debts taken on at the company's formation — Carnegie insisted on being paid in gold bonds for his stake — and fears of antitrust litigation, U.S. Steel moved cautiously. Competitors often innovated faster, especially Bethlehem Steel Company, run by U.S. Steel's former first president, Charles M. Schwab. U.S. Steel's share of the expanding market slipped to 50 percent by 1911. Elaborate marble facade of NYSE as seen from the intersection of Broad and Wall Streets For other uses, see Wall Street (disambiguation). ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... The Bethlehem Steel Corporation was the second largest steel producer in the United States, after US Steel but it is now part of the International Steel Group (ISG). ... Charles Michael Schwab; the hand-written dedication is to Andrew Carnegie For the founder and CEO of the Charles Schwab Corporation brokerage firm, see Charles R. Schwab. ...

U.S. Steel's production peaked at more than 35 million tons in 1953. Its employment was greatest in 1943 (during World War II) when it had more than 340,000 employees; by 2000, however, it employed 52,500 people. The federal government has also intervened on other occasions to try to control U.S. Steel. President Harry S. Truman attempted to take over its steel mills in 1952 to resolve a crisis with its union, the United Steelworkers of America. The Supreme Court of the United States blocked the takeover by ruling that the president did not have the constitutional authority to seize the mills. President John F. Kennedy was more successful in 1962 when he pressured the steel industry into reversing price increases that Kennedy considered dangerously inflationary. The federal government prevented U.S. Steel from acquiring National Steel in 1984 and political pressure from the United States Congress forced it to abandon plans to import British Steel slabs. It finally acquired National Steel's assets in 2003 after National Steel went bankrupt. U.S. Steel acquired Marathon Oil in 1982, as well as Texas Oil & Gas several years later. It reorganized its holdings as USX Corporation in 1986, with U.S. Steel (renamed USS, Inc.,) as a major subsidiary. For other persons named Harry Truman, see Harry Truman (disambiguation). ... The United Steel Workers of America (USWA) claims over 1. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries  Atlas  Politics Portal      The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym... John Kennedy and JFK redirect here. ... The National Steel Corporation (1929—2003) was a major American steel producer. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... British Steel is a large British steel producer, privatised in 1988 under the Thatcher government. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

At the end of the 20th century, the Corporation found itself deriving much of its revenue and net income from its energy operations, so U.S. Steel eventually spun off Marathon and other non-steel assets (except Transtar) in October, 2001.

Labor

U.S. Steel maintained the labor policies of Andrew Carnegie, which called for low wages and limited unionization. The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers union that represented workers at the Homestead, Pennsylvania plant was, for many years, broken after a violent strike in 1892. U.S. Steel defeated another strike in 1901, the year it was founded. U.S. Steel built the city of Gary, Indiana in 1906, and 100 years later it remains the location of the largest integrated steel mill in the Northern Hemisphere. U.S. Steel did reach an impasse with unions during World War I, when under pressure from the Wilson Administration it relaxed its opposition to unions enough to allow some to operate in certain factories. It returned to its previous policies as soon as the war ended, however, and in a 1919 strike defeated union organizing efforts by William Z. Foster of the AFL, later a leader of the Communist Party of the United States of America. Andrew Carnegie (last name pronounced , )[1] (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish industrialist, businessman, a major philanthropist, and the founder of Pittsburghs Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Steel. ... The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (commonly known as the AA) was an American labor union formed in 1876 and which represented iron and steel workers. ... Homestead is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA, in the Mon Valley, seven miles (11 km) southeast of downtown Pittsburgh. ... This article is about the city. ... William Edward Foster (February 25, 1881 - September 1, 1961), who renamed himself as William Z. Foster, was the long-time General Secretary of the Communist Party USA and trade union leader. ... The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is one of several Marxist-Leninist groups in the United States. ...

Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp. of U.S. Steel, South Works, Chicago—Men Tapping an Electric Furnace, Silver Gelatin Print, ca. 1945.

During the 1920s, U.S. Steel, like many other large employers, coupled paternalistic employment practices with "employee representation plans" (ERPs), which were company unions sponsored by management. Ironically, these ERPs eventually became an important factor leading to the organization of the United Steelworkers of America. The Company dropped its hard-line, anti-union stance in 1937, when Myron Taylor, then president of U.S. Steel, agreed to recognize the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, an arm of the CIO led by John L. Lewis. Taylor was an outsider, brought in during the Great Depression to rescue U.S. Steel, and had no emotional investment in the Company's long history of opposition to unions. Watching the upheaval caused by the United Automobile Workers' successful sit-down strike in Flint, Michigan, and convinced that Lewis was someone he could deal with on a businesslike basis, Taylor sought stability through collective bargaining. Image File history File links CS4511. ... Image File history File links CS4511. ... The United Steel Workers of America (USWA) claims over 1. ... The United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union (United Steelworkers or USW) claims over 1. ... DAVE ACKERMAN HAS WOOLY SOCKSJohn Llewellyn Lewis (February 12, 1880 – June 11, 1969) was an American leader of organized labor who served as president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1920 to 1960. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... The United Auto Workers (UAW), officially the United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America International Union, is one of the largest labor unions in North America, with more than 700,000 members in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico organized into approximately 950 union locals. ... Nickname: Location of Flint within Genesee County, Michigan. ...

The Steelworkers continue to have a contentious relationship with U.S. Steel, but far less so than the relationship that other unions had with employers in other industries in the United States. They launched a number of long strikes against U.S. Steel in 1946 and 1959, but those strikes were over wages and benefits and not the more fundamental issue of union recognition that led to violent strikes elsewhere.

In 1959, a 116-day strike had a significant long-term effect on union-versus-management relations at U.S. Steel by shutting down 90 percent of total U.S. steel production. This strike opened the door to steel imports, which had been a negligible factor before then, and the long decline of the United States steel industry had begun. By the end of the 20th century, thousands of unionized steelworker jobs would be permanently lost due to the effects of lower-cost imported steel. The steel strike of 1959 was a 1959 labor union strike by the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) against major steel-making companies in the United States. ...

The Steelworkers union attempted to mollify the problems of competitive foreign imports by entering into a so-called Experimental Negotiation Agreement (ENA) in 1974. This was to provide for arbitration in the event that the parties were not able to reach agreement on any new collective bargaining agreements, thereby preventing disruptive strikes. The ENA failed to stop the decline of the steel industry in the U.S. Arbitration is a legal technique for the resolution of disputes outside the courts, wherein the parties to a dispute refer it to one or more persons (the arbitrators or arbitral tribunal), by whose decision (the award) they agree to be bound. ... The Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) is the contract between the NHL and the NHLPA that defines the structure of procedural, financial, and disciplinary relationships between the NHL, its teams, and its players. ...

U.S. Steel and the other employers terminated the ENA in 1984. In 1986, U.S. Steel locked out thousands of its employees when it shut down a number of its facilities as a result of a drop in orders on the eve of a threatened strike. In addition, U.S. Steel and other steel producers demanded extensive concessions from their employees in the early 1980s through the direction of J Bruce Johnston, U.S. Steel executive vice president. In a letter to striking employees in 1986, J. Bruce Johnston warned, "There are not enough seats in the steel lifeboat for everybody." In addition to reducing the role of unions, the steel industry had sought to induce the federal government to take action to counteract dumping of steel by foreign producers at below-market prices. Neither the concessions nor anti-dumping laws have restored the industry to the health and prestige it once had.

The U.S. Steel Tower in downtown Pittsburgh.

Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 3456 pixel, file size: 3. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 3456 pixel, file size: 3. ...

Environmental record

U.S. Steel is the second-greatest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States; the company releases more than 1.26 million kg (2.8 million lbs.) of toxins annually, chiefly ammonia, hydrochloric acid, ethylene, zinc compounds, methanol, and benzene, but including manganese, cyanide, and chromium compounds. ^[1] In 2004, the city of River Rouge and the residents of River Rouge and Ecorse, Michigan filed a class-action lawsuit against the company for “the release and discharge of air particulate matter … and other toxic and hazardous substances.”^[2] In 2005, the Illinois attorney general brought suit against U.S. Steel for alleged air pollution in Granite City, Illinois.^[3] The Company has also been implicated in water pollution and toxic waste. In 1993, the United States Environmental Protection Agency issued an order for U.S. Steel to clean up a site in Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River, where the soil had been contaminated arsenic, lead, and other heavy metals, as well as naphthalene; groundwater at the site was found to be polluted with polyaromatic hydrocarbons and TCE. ^[4] In 2005, the EPA, U.S. Department of Justice, and the State of Ohio reached a settlement requiring U.S. Steel to pay more than $100,000 in penalties and $294,000 in reparations in answer to allegations that the company illegally released pollutants into Ohio waters.^[5] For other uses, see Ammonia (disambiguation). ... The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). ... Ethylene (or IUPAC name ethene) is the chemical compound with the formula C2H4. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ... Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naptha or wood spirits, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH. It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable, poisonous liquid with a distinctive odor that is somewhat milder and sweeter than ethanol (ethyl alcohol). ... For benzine, see petroleum ether. ... General Name, symbol, number manganese, Mn, 25 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 7, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 54. ... The cyanide ion, CN−. From the top: 1. ... General Name, symbol, number chromium, Cr, 24 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 6, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 51. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Rouge River, sometimes incorrectly called the River Rouge, is a river in the Metro Detroit area of southeastern Michigan. ... Ecorse is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan, named for the Ecorse River. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Largest metro area Metro Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... In law, a class action is an equitable procedural device used in litigation for determining the rights of and remedies, if any, for large numbers of people whose cases involve common questions of law and fact. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... Granite City is a city located in Madison County, Illinois. ... EPA redirects here. ... Fairless Hills is a census-designated place located in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. ... For the Delaware River in Kansas, see Delaware River (Kansas) The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... General Name, Symbol, Number arsenic, As, 33 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 4, p Appearance metallic gray Standard atomic weight 74. ... For Pb as an abbreviation, see PB. General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series Post-transition metals or poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Standard atomic weight 207. ... A heavy metal is any of a number of higher atomic weight elements, which has the properties of a metallic substance at room temperature. ... R-phrases , , S-phrases , , , , Flash point 79 - 87 °C Autoignition temperature 525 °C Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Naphthalene (not to be confused with naphtha) (also known as naphthalin, naphthaline, moth ball, tar... fuck fuck shit fuck ... TCE may mean: Trichloroethylene, the most commonly found contamination in groundwater. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is a Cabinet department in the United States government designed to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ...

It should be noted, however, that with the exception of the Fairless Hills facility, the lawsuits concern facilities acquired via U.S. Steel's purchase of National Steel Corporation in 2003. The National Steel Corporation (1929—2003) was a major American steel producer. ...

Legacy

The U.S. Steel Tower in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is named after the company and the company's offices take up a part of the building. The Pittsburgh Steelers professional football team borrowed elements of its logo, a circle containing three hypocycloids, from U.S. Steel. The U.S. Steel Tower in downtown Pittsburgh. ... “Pittsburgh” redirects here. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... “Steelers” redirects here. ... In geometry, a hypocycloid is a special plane curve, a roulette, generated by the trace of a fixed point on a small circle that rolls within a larger circle. ...

U.S. Steel financed and constructed the Unisphere in Corona Park, Queens, New York for the 1964 World's Fair. It is the largest globe ever made and is one of the world's largest free standing sculptures. The Unisphere, June 2005 Unisphere is a 12-story high, spherical stainless steel representation of the Earth. ... Flushing Meadows Park, also sometimes referred to as Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, is located in northern Queens, New York City, USA at the intersection of the Long Island Expressway and the Grand Central Parkway. ... For other uses, see Queens (disambiguation) and Queen. ... “NY” redirects here. ... Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ...

The Chicago Picasso sculpture was fabricated by U.S. Steel in Gary, Indiana before being disassembled and relocated to Chicago The Picasso The Chicago Picasso (often just The Picasso) is an untitled monumental sculpture by Pablo Picasso in Chicago. ...

U.S. Steel donated the steel for the 'Polish Cathedral' of St. Michael's in Chicago since 90 percent of the parishioners worked at its mills. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Polish Cathedral style. ... St. ... A steel mill at the turn of the century in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania A steel mill (British English and Australian English steelworks) is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel. ...

U.S. Steel sponsored The US Steel Hour television program on CBS. The US Steel Hour was a CBS television series, sponsored by US Steel. ...

Dividends

It is the present policy of the Board of Directors to consider the declaration of dividends four times each year, with checks for dividends declared on common stock mailed for receipt on the 10th of March, June, September and December. The current dividend as of 2005 is 40 cents per share. Dividends may be paid by, mailed check, direct electronic deposit into a bank account, or be reinvested in additional shares of U.S. Steel common stock. It has been suggested that ex-dividend date be merged into this article or section. ...

Facilities

U.S. Steel has multiple domestic and international facilities. Of note in the United States is Clairton Works and Edgar Thomson Works, both members of Mon Valley Works and just outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Clairton Works is the largest and most environmentally friendly coking facility in North America. Edgar Thomson Plant is one of the oldest steel mills in the world. The Company acquired Great Lakes Works and Granite City Works, both large integrated steel mills, in 2003 and is partnered with Severstal North America in operating the world's largest electro-galvanizing line, Double Eagle Steel Coating Company, at the historic Rouge complex in Dearborn, Michigan. The Edgar Thomson Works is a steel mill in Braddock, Pennsylvania. ...

U.S. Steel's largest domestic facility is Gary Works, in Gary, Indiana; Gary is also home to the U.S. Steel Yard baseball stadium. This article is about the city. ... U.S. Steel Yard is a baseball field located in Gary, Indiana. ...

U.S. Steel operates Fairfield Works in Fairfield, Alabama (Birmingham), employing 1500 people, and still operates a sheet galvanizing operation at the Fairless Works facility Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania, employing 75 people. Fairfield, founded in 1910 is a city located in Jefferson County, Alabama with a population of 12,381. ... Nickname: Location in Jefferson County in the state of Alabama Coordinates: , Country State County Jefferson, Shelby Government  - Mayor Bernard Kincaid (D) Area  - City  151. ... Fairless Hills is a census-designated place located in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. ...

Recently, U.S. Steel added facilities in Texas with the purchase of Lone Star Steel Company and is in a venture in Pittsburg, California with Pohang Iron & Steel of South Korea. Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... The Lone Star Steel Company, a subsidiary of Lone Star Technologies, is a company based in Lone Star, Texas. ...

References

• U. S. Steel's History of U. S. Steel
• Brody, David. Labor in Crisis: The Steel Strike of 1919 (1965)
• Burn, Duncan. The Steel Industry, 1939-1959: A Study in Competition and Planning (1961)
• Misa, Thomas J. A Nation of Steel: The Making of Modern America, 1865-1925 (1998)
• Scheuerman, William. The Steel Crisis: The Economics and Politics of a Declining Industry (1986)
• Urofsky, Melvin I. Big Steel and the Wilson Administration: A Study in Business-Government Relations (1969)
• Warne, Colston E. ed. The Steel Strike of 1919 (1963) primary and secondary documents
• Warren, Kenneth. Big Steel: The First Century of the United States Steel Corporation, 1901-2001 (2001).

External links

• U. S. Steel
• United Steelworkers
• Yahoo! — United States Steel Corporation Company Profile
• Documentary Photographs of U. S. Steel from the 1940's and 1950s