NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Udmurt language

Udmurt (удмурт кыл, udmurt kyl) is a Finno-Ugric language spoken by the Udmurts, natives of the Russian constituent republic of Udmurtia, where it is co-official with the Russian language. It is closely related to the Komi language, together with which it forms the group of Permic languages. It is written in the Cyrillic script with five additional characters. Linguistically, it is most closely related to Komi and Komi-Permyak. Map of Eastern Europe Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). ... Current distribution of Human Language Families A language family is a group of related languages said to have descended from a common proto-language. ... Geographical distribution of Samoyedic, Finnic, Ugric and Yukaghir languages Yukaghir Samoyedic Ugric Finnic The Uralic languages (pronounced: ) form a language family of about 30 languages spoken by approximately 20 million people. ... Approximate geographical distribution of areas where indigenous Finno-Ugric languages are spoken. ... The Finno-Permic languages are a large branch of the Finno-Ugric languages. ... Permic languages is a subgroup of the Finno-Ugric language family. ... The Udmurt Republic (Russian: ; Udmurt: Ð£Ð´Ð¼ÑƒÑ€Ñ‚ ÐÐ»ÑŒÐºÑƒÐ½) or Udmurtia (Russian: Ð£Ð´Ð¼ÑƒÌÑ€Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is in process of development as an international standard for language codes. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the â€œInternational Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Phonetics (from the Greek word Ï†Ï‰Î½Î®, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of the sounds of human speech. ... Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ... Approximate geographical distribution of areas where indigenous Finno-Ugric languages are spoken. ... The Udmurts are a people who speak the Finno-Ugric Udmurt language. ... The Udmurt Republic (Russian: ; Udmurt: Ð£Ð´Ð¼ÑƒÑ€Ñ‚ ÐÐ»ÑŒÐºÑƒÐ½) or Udmurtia (Russian: Ð£Ð´Ð¼ÑƒÌÑ€Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Russian ( , transliteration: , ) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia and the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. ... . Komi language edition of Wikipedia The Komi language, also known as Zyrian, or Komi-Zyrian, is a language spoken by the Komi peoples in the northeastern European part of Russia. ... Permic languages is a subgroup of the Finno-Ugric language family. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used for several East and South Slavic languages; (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... . Komi language edition of Wikipedia The Komi language, also known as Zyrian, or Komi-Zyrian, is a language spoken by the Komi peoples in the northeastern European part of Russia. ... Коми-Пермяцкӧй (Komi-Permjacköj) Komi-Permyak is spoken in the Autonomous district of the Komi-Permyaks, Russia, in the basin of the Kama River. ...

Alphabet

Five of these characters (Ӝ/ӝ, Ӟ/ӟ, Ӥ/ӥ, Ӵ/ӵ, Ӧ/ӧ) are unique to the Udmurt alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... is a Cyrillic alphabet now used in the Kurdish, Altay, Khakass, Mari, Udmurt, and Komi languages. ...

Grammar

Udmurt is an agglutinating language. It uses affixes to explain possession, to specify the mode, the time, and so on. An agglutinative language is a language that uses agglutination extensively: most words are formed by joining morphemes together. ... Look up affix in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

There is no grammatical gender. The language does not distinguish between long and short vowels, and does not have vowel harmony. Vowel harmony (also metaphony) is a type of long-distance assimilatory phonological process involving vowels. ...

Nouns

Specific noun types have no distinguishable formats; some words even belong to three categories: čilkit means clean, cleanness and clearly as well. There are 15 cases in the language. In the singular first, second, and third person, the ordinary possessive declining suffixes, -e, -ed, -ez sometimes change to -i, -id, -iz, especially in non-loanwords, such as kii (ki + i, my hand), kiid (ki + id, your (sing.) hand) and ki'iz (ki + iz, her/his hand).

The possessive suffix in the singular third person also acts as a definite article: Udmurt kil-iz č´eber. (the Udmurt language is nice - literally the Udmurt's language is nice.) An affirmative plural adjective gets the -eś suffix: toljos kuźeś (the winters are cold).

Verbs

In Udmurt, there are three modes. In indicative, there are four tenses: present, future, præteritum (the speaker personally observed the past event) and perfectum (the speaker not observed personally the past event). The last two have distinguishable suffixes: -i-/-a- and -em/-m.

Syntax

The copular verb (vań, - to be) is omitted if the sentence is in the present tense: tunne kiče nunal? (What day is it today?) If the sentence expresses possession, the vań can be part of the predicate: ti palan ńulesjos vań-a? (At you (plur.), are there forests?) This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Lexicon

Based on the style, about 10 to 30 percent of the Udmurt lexicon are loanwords. Many loanwords are from the Tatar language, as well as phonetics, the syntax and so on. Words related to technology, science and politics have been being borrowed from Russian. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one language from another with little or no translation. ... The Tatar language (Tatar tele, TatarÃ§a, Ð¢Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€ Ñ‚ÐµÐ»Ðµ, Ð¢Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€Ñ‡Ð°) is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars. ...

External links

Categories: Articles with sections needing expansion | Language stubs | Finno-Ugric languages | Languages of Russia | Udmurtia Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1058x1058, 477 KB) aa Wikipedia logo, version 1058px square, no text Wikipedia logo by Nohat (concept by Paullusmagnus); compare Wikipedia File links The following pages link to this file: Arabic language Talk:Anarcho-capitalism Talk:Algorithm Talk:Anno Domini Talk:The... Wikipedia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Approximate geographical distribution of areas where indigenous Finno-Ugric languages are spoken. ... Ugric languages or Ugrian languages are generally held to be a branch of Finno-Ugric languages. ... Khanty or Xanty language, also known as the Ostyak language, is a language of the Khant peoples. ... Mansi language, also known as Vogul language (ÐœÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ·Ñ‹Ðº, Ð’Ð¾Ð³ÑƒÐ»ÑŒÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ·Ñ‹Ðº in Russian), is a language of the Mansi people. ... Permic languages is a subgroup of the Finno-Ugric language family. ... . Komi language edition of Wikipedia The Komi language, also known as Zyrian, or Komi-Zyrian, is a language spoken by the Komi peoples in the northeastern European part of Russia. ... Коми-Пермяцкӧй (Komi-Permjacköj) Komi-Permyak is spoken in the Autonomous district of the Komi-Permyaks, Russia, in the basin of the Kama River. ... The Finno-Volgaic languages, also known as the Finno-Mari, Finno-Cheremisic, or Volga-Finnic languages, are a language group within the Uralic language family. ... The Mari language (Mari: Ð¼Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¹Ñ‹Ð»Ð¼Ðµ, Russian Ð¼Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ·Ñ‹Ðº), spoken by more than 600,000 people, belongs to the Finno-Ugric language group and is part of the Volgaic subgroup of the Finnic languages together with Mordvin (though this relationship is contested; see Klima 2004 for discussion). ... Erzyan (ÐÑ€Ð·ÑÐ½ÑŒ ÐšÐµÐ»ÑŒ (Erzjanj Kelj)) is spoken in the northern and eastern parts of the republic of Mordovia and adjacent Nizhniy Novgorod, Chuvashia, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in Russia. ... The Mokshan language (Moksha), Ð¼Ð¾ÐºÑˆÐµÐ½ÑŒ ÐºÑÐ»ÑŒ (Mokshanj kÃ¤lj) is spoken in West part of the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent Penza, Ryazan, Tambov, Saratov, Samara, Orenburg oblasts, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan republics, Siberia, Far East of Russia and also in Armenia and USA. The number of speakers is around 500,000. ... The Merya language was the Finno-Ugric language spoken by the Merya tribe, which lived in what is today the Moscow region. ... Meshcherian was the Finno-Ugric language spoken by the Meshchera tribe, in what is today the Oka River basin in Russia. ... Muromian was the Finno-Ugric language spoken by the Muromian tribe, in what is today the Murom region in Russia. ... Sami is a general name for a group of Uralic languages spoken in parts of northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and extreme northwestern Russia, in Northern Europe. ... Akkala Sami is a Sami language that was spoken in the Sami villages of AÂ´kkel and ÄŒuÂ´kksuÃ¢l, in the inland parts of the Kola Peninsula in Russia. ... Inari Sami (anarÃ¢Å¡kielÃ¢) is a Finno-Ugric, Sami language spoken in Finland by some 300-400 people, the majority of which are middle-aged or older and live in the town of Inari. ... Kemi Sami is a Sami language that was originally spoken in the southernmost district of Finnish Lapland as far south as the Sami siidas around Kuusamo. ... Kildin Sami (also spelled SÃ¡mi or Saami; formerly Lappish) is a Sami language spoken by approximately 500 people in the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Northern or North Sami (also written SÃ¡mi or Saami; formerly Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sami languages. ... Pite Sami, also known as Arjeplog Sami, is a Sami language spoken in Sweden and Norway. ... Skolt Sami (SÃ¤Ã¤Â´mÇ©iÃµll) is a Finno-Ugric, Sami language spoken in Finland and nearby parts of Russia. ... Southern Saami is divided into two main dialects: Southern Saami sensu stricto and Ume Saami. ... Ter Sami is a Sami language spoken in the eastern region of the Kola peninsula. ... Ume Sami is a Sami language spoken in Sweden and Norway. ... Baltic-Finnic languages are a subgroup of Finno-Ugric languages, spoken around the Baltic Sea by about 6 million people. ... The Ingrian language (also called Izhorian) is a Finno-Ugric language spoken by the (mainly orthodox) Izhorians of Ingria. ... The Karelian language is a variety closely related to Finnish, with which it is not necessarily mutually intelligible. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Livonian (LÄ«vÃµ kÄ“Ä¼) belongs to the Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages. ... Ludic or Ludian is a Baltic Finnic language in the Uralic language family. ... MeÃ¤nkieli (lit. ... South Estonian is a language or a language group which belongs to the Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages. ... Veps language, spoken by the Vepses, belongs to the Baltic-Finnic group of the Finno-Ugric languages. ... Votic or Votian is the language spoken by the Votes of Ingria. ... The Vyronian language (vÃµro kiil) is a language belonging to the Baltic-Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages. ...

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