Ulf von Euler, a Nobel laureat

Ulf Svante von Euler (February 7, 1905 – March 9, 1983) was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist. He won a Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters. Image File history File links Ulf-von-Euler. ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (69th in Leap years). ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon is drug, and logos is science) is the study of how chemical substances interfere with living systems. ... Sir Edward Appletons medal Photographs of Nobel Prize Medals. ... Medicine on the Web Medical Alarm & Use Medical Marijuana NLM (National Library of Medicine, contains resources for patients and healthcare professionals) Virtual Hospital (digital health sciences library by the University of Iowa) Online Medical Information- medical news, links and resources. ... Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate electrical signals between a neuron and another cell. ...

Life

Ulf S. von Euler was born in Stockholm, the son of two noted scientists, Dr. Hans von Euler-Chelpin, a professor of chemistry, and Dr. Astrid Cleve, a professor of botany and geology. His father was German and the recipient of Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1929, and his maternal grandfather was Per Teodor Cleve, Professor of Chemistry at the Uppsala University, and the discoverer of the chemical elements thulium and holmium. The Old town in Stockholm from the air Stockholm â–¶(?) is the capital of Sweden, located on the east coast at the entrance of lake Mälaren. ... A scientist is a person who is an expert in at least one area of science and who uses the scientific method to research that area. ... Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin (February 15, 1873 – November 6, 1964) was a Swedish (German-born) biochemist. ... // Introduction Chemistry is a large field encompassing many subdisciplines that often overlap with significant portions of other sciences. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason)) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history, and the processes that shape it. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to the present day. ... Per Teodor Cleve (Stockholm February 10, 1840 – Uppsala June 18, 1905) was a Swedish chemist and geologist. ... // Introduction Chemistry is a large field encompassing many subdisciplines that often overlap with significant portions of other sciences. ... Uppsala University (Swedish Uppsala universitet) is a public university in Uppsala, Sweden. ... A chemical element, often called simply element, is the class of atoms which contain the same number of protons. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Thulium, Tm, 69 Chemical series Lanthanides Group, Period, Block NA, 6, f Density, Hardness 9321 kg/m3, no data Appearance silvery gray Atomic properties Atomic weight 168. ... General Name, Symbol, Number holmium, Ho, 67 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 164. ...

Enjoying such a privileged family environment in science, education and research, it is not surprising that young Ulf would become a scientist, too, so he went to study medicine at the Karolinska Institute in 1922. At Karolinska, he worked under Robin Fåhraeus in blood sedimentation and rheology and did research work on the pathophysiology of vasoconstriction. He presented his doctoral thesis in 1930, and was appointed as Assistant Professor in Pharmacology in the same year, with the support of G. Liljestrand. From 1930 to 1931 von Ulf got a Rochester Fellowship to do his post-doctoral studies abroad. He studied in England with Sir Henry Dale in London and with I. de Burgh Daly in Birmingham, and then proceeded to the continent, studying with Corneille Heymans in Ghent, Belgium and with Gustav Embden in Frankfurt, Germany. Von Euler liked to travel, so he also worked and learned biophysics with Archibald Vivian Hill, again in London in 1934, and neuromuscular transmission with G. L. Brown in 1938. From 1946 to 1947, he worked with Eduardo Braun-Menéndez in the Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental in Buenos Aires, which was founded by Bernardo Houssay. His unerring instinct to work with important scientific leaders and fields was to be proved by the fact that Dale, Heymans, Hill and Houssay went to receive the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine. Medicine on the Web Medical Alarm & Use Medical Marijuana NLM (National Library of Medicine, contains resources for patients and healthcare professionals) Virtual Hospital (digital health sciences library by the University of Iowa) Online Medical Information- medical news, links and resources. ... The Karolinska Institute or Karolinska institutet is a medical university in Stockholm, Sweden. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), also called a sedimentation rate, sed rate or Biernacki Reaction, is a non-specific measure of inflammation that is commonly used as a medical screening test. ... Rheology is the study of the deformation and flow of matter. ... Pathophysiology is the study of the disturbance of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions that a disease causes. ... The blood vessels are part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Sir Henry Hallett Dale (June 9, 1875 - July 23, 1968) was an English scientist. ... Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London is the most populous city in the European Union, with an estimated population on 1 January 2005 of 7,421,328 and a metropolitan area population of between 12 and 14 million. ... The city from above Centenary Square. ... Dr. Corneille Jean François Heymans (March 28, 1892 - July 18, 1968) was a Belgian physiologist who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1938 for for showing how blood pressure and oxygen content of the blood are measured by the body and transmitted to the brain. ... Ghent (once Gaunt in English, Gent in Dutch, Gand in French) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of East Flanders, of which it is the capital. ... (?) [ˈfraÅ‹kfÊŠrt] is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany. ... Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that applies theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology. ... Archibald Vivian Hill CH CBE (September 26, 1886–June 3, 1977) was a British physiologist, one of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine) is a research and development institution affiliated to the University of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... Buenos Aires (Good Airs in Spanish, originally meaning Fair Winds) is the capital of Argentina and its largest city and port, as well as one of the largest cities in Latin America. ... Bernardo Alberto Houssay (April 10, 1887–September 21, 1971) was an Argentinian physiologist who received (with Carl and Gerty Cori) the 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar (glucose) in animals. ...

Works

His short stay as a postdoctoral student in Dale's laboratory was very fruitful: in 1931 he discovered with John H. Gaddum an important autopharmacological principle, substance P. After returning to Stockholm, von Euler pursued further this line of research, and successively discovered four other important endogenous active substances, prostaglandin, vesiglandin (1935), piperidine (1942) and noradrenaline (1946). 1931 (MCMXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... In neuroscience, Substance P is a neuropeptide: a short-chain polypeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator. ... A prostaglandin is any member of a group of lipid compounds that are derived from fatty acids and have important functions in the animal body. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Piperidine is a cyclic amine. ... This article is about the year. ... Norepinephrine, known as noradrenaline outside the USA, is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine with chemical formula C8H11NO3. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

In 1939 von Euler was appointed Full Professor of Physiology at the Karolinska Institute, where he remained until 1971. His early collaboration with Liljestrand had led to an important discovery, which was named the Euler-Liljestrand mechanism (a physiological arterial shunt in response to the decrease in local oxygenation of the lungs). 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... The Euler-Liljestrand mechanism describes the connection between ventilation and blood circulation (perfusion) of the lung. ... A shunt in general is a sort of relief valve, or diverter. ... The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ...

From 1946 on, however, when noradrenaline was discovered, von Euler devoted most of his research work to this area. He and his group studied thoroughly its distribution and fate in biological tissues and the in the nervous system in physiological and pathological conditions, and found that noradrenaline was produced and stored in nerve synaptic terminals in intracellular vesicles, a key discovery which changed dramatically the course of many researches in the field. In 1970 he was distinguished with the Nobel Prize for his work, jointly with Sir Bernard Katz and Julius Axelrod. Since 1953 he was very active in the Nobel Foundation, being a member of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine and Chairman of the Board since 1965. He also served as Vice-President of the International Union of Physiological Sciences from 1965 to 1971. Among the many honorary titles and prizes he received in addition to the Nobel, were the Gairdner Prize (1961), the Jahre Prize (1965), the Stouffer Prize (1967), the Carl Ludwig Medaille (1953), the Schmiedeberg Plaquette (1969), La Madonnina (1970), many honorary doctorates from universities around the world, and the membership to several erudite, medical and scientific societies. 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Biological tissue is a substance made up of cells that perform a similar function. ... The nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and processes input from the senses, and initiates actions. ... Illustration of the major elements in a prototypical synapse. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Sir Bernard Katz (March 26, 1911 - April 20, 2003) was a German-born biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve biochemistry. ... Julius Axelrod won a Nobel Prize in 1970 Julius Axelrod (May 30, 1912 – December 29, 2004) was an influential American biochemist. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Nobel Foundation was created by Lord Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, to manage his estate and award prizes for academic achievement in several areas: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link goes to calendar). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link goes to calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday For other uses, see Number 1969. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Dr. von Euler died in 1983.

External links

• Ulf von Euler - Biography. Nobel Foundation.
• Sabbatini, R.M.E.: Neurons and synapses. The history of its discovery IV. Chemical transmission. Brain & Mind, 2004.