The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads.

The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic بنو أمية banū umayya / الأمويون al-umawiyyūn); Persian امویان (Omaviyân), Turkish, Emevi) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Islamic empire after the reign of the four rightly guided Caliphs (Abu Bakr, Omar, Usman, Ali) ended. The dynasty begins with Muawiya I, and is named after Umayya ibn Abd-Shams the great-grandfather of Muwawiya. The Prophet Muhammad and Muwawiya both descended from a common ancestor Abd-Munaf. One son of Abd-Munaf was Hashim, whose son was Abdul Muttalib, whose son was Abdullah, whose son was Prophet Muhammad. Another son of Abd Munaf was Abd-Shams, whose son was Umayya, whose son was Harb, whose son was Abu Sufian, whose son was Muwawiya. The clans of Hashim and Umayya both belonged to the Quraish tribe named after an ancestor of Abd-Munaf. Omayyad Mosque in Damascus . ... Omayyad Mosque in Damascus . ... Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Persian (known variously as: فارسی Fārsi or پارسی Pārsi, local name in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, Tajik, a Central Asian dialect, or Dari, another local name in Tajikistan and Afghanistan) is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... For other people named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ... Muhammad (Arabic محمد, also transliterated Mohammad, Mohammed, and formerly Mahomet, following the Latin) is revered by Muslims as the final prophet of God. ... Quraish (Arabic: ) refers to the Meccan tribe that Muhammad belonged to. ...

The first dynasty reigned from CE 661 to CE 750. The Common Era (CE), sometimes known as the Christian Era or Current Era, is the period of measured time beginning with the year 1 until the present. ...

It was succedded by the Abbasid Dynasty, which takes its name from Abbas, an uncle of the prophet and a grandson of Hashim. Ironically, the Umayyad clan had bitter rivalry with the Hashim clan (from which came the Abbasid clan), especially as Abu Sufian was the most determined and bitterest enemy of Muhammad, and sought to exterminate the adherents of the new religion, by waging a series of battles. But at last, Abu Sufian embraced Islam, and so did his son Muawiya, and they provided much needed political and diplomatic skills for the management and expansion of the fast growing Islamic empire.

Umayyad rulers

Muawiyah had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd caliph and his kinsman, Uthman ibn Affan. After the assassination of Uthman, he was replaced by the new caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Since the killers of Uthman had allied themselves with Ali, Muawiyah refused to accept his caliphate, and in 657 led an army against him. The two sides agreed to a conciliation procedure, resulting in an arbitration that many of Ali's partisans saw as unfair. The Muslim empire was partitioned. When Ali was assassinated in 661, Muawiyah was declared caliph of all Muslim lands. This established the Umayyad dynasty, and the capital of the caliphate was moved to Damascus. Muˤāwiyya I, or Muˤāwiyya ibn Abī-Sufyān (Arabic: ). (602 - May 6, 680) was the fifth Muslim Caliph and founder of the Umayyad Dynasty of Islamic caliphs. ... Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Leave this page if youre under 18!! - Page contains huge lies and hardly has any facts > it will surely misguide you! Uthman ibn Affan (Arabic: عثمان بن عفان) (c. ... Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘Alī ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ... Damascus by night, pictured from Jabal Qasioun; the green spots are minarets Damascus (Arabic: ‎ translit: Also commonly: الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. ...

Great waves of expansion occurred under the reign of the Umayyads. Muslim armies pushed across North Africa and Iran, through the late 600s, expanding the borders of the empire from the Iberian peninsula, in the west, to what is today Pakistan, in the east. Forces led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad crossed Gibraltar and established Muslim power in the Iberian peninsula, while other armies established power far away in Sind, in South Asia. The Muslim empire under the Umayyads was now a vast domain that ruled a diverse array of peoples.  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... Tariq ibn Ziyad or Taric ben Zeyad (d. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ,meaning Peace in English,( ) is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the Quran. ... Sindh (Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. ... South Asia or Southern Asia is a southern geopolitical region of the Asian continent comprising territories on and in proximity to the Indian subcontinent. ...

The Umayyads were overthrown in the east by the Abbasid dynasty after their defeat in the Battle of the Zab in 750, following which most of the clan was massacred by the Abbasids. An Umayyad prince, Abd-ar-rahman I, took over the Muslim territory in Al-Andalus (Hispania) and founded a new Umayyad dynasty there. Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Muslim empire. ... Combatants Abbasids Umayyad Caliphate Commanders Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah Marwan II The Battle of the Zab took place on the banks of the Great Zab river in what is now Iraq on January 25, 750. ... Abd ar-Rahman I (ruled 756-788) was the founder of a Muslim dynasty that ruled Spain for nearly three centuries. ... Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ... Roman theater at Mérida; the statues are replicas Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra and Gibraltar) and to two provinces created there in the period of the Roman Republic: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. ...

Umayyad Caliphs at Damascus

• Muawiyah I ibn Abi Sufyan, 661-680
• Yazid I ibn Muawiyah, 680-683
• Muawiya II ibn Yazid, 683-684
• Marwan I ibn Hakam, 684-685
• Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, 685-705
• al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik, 705-715
• Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik, 715-717
• Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, 717-720
• Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik, 720-724
• Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, 724-743
• al-Walid II ibn Yazid II, 743-744
• Yazid III ibn al-Walid, 744
• Ibrahim ibn al-Walid, 744
• Marwan II ibn Muhammad (ruled from Harran in the Jazira) 744-750

Muˤāwiyya I, or Muˤāwiyya ibn Abī-Sufyān (Arabic: ). (602 - May 6, 680) was the fifth Muslim Caliph and founder of the Umayyad Dynasty of Islamic caliphs. ... Yazid Ibn Muawiyah Ibn Abu Sufyan (645 - 683) (Arabic: يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان) was the sixth Muslim Caliph and the second of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Muāwiyya II or Muāwiyya ibn Yazīd ([[معاوية بن يزيد ، معاوية الثاني) (684 - 661) was an Umayyad caliph for about four months after the death of his father Yazīd. ... Marwan ibn al-Hakam (623 - 685) was an Umayyad caliph who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II gave up the title in 684. ... Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (646 - 705) was an Umayyad caliph. ... Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (Arabic: ) or Al-Walid I (668 - 715) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 705 - 715. ... Suleiman bin Abd al-Malik (c. ... Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (c. ... Yazid bin Abd al-Malik or Yazid II (687 - 724) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 720 until his death in 724. ... Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (691–743) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 723 until his death in 743. ... Walid ibn Yazid or Walid II (d. ... Yazid ibn Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik or Yazid III (701 - 744) (Arabic: يزيد ابن الوليد ابن عبد الملك) was an Umayyad caliph. ... Ibrahim ibn Al-Walid was an Umayyad caliph. ... The Califate in 750 From The Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1923 Courtesy of The General Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan or Marwan II (750-688) (Arabic: مروان ابن محمد ابن مروان) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 744 until 750 when he was killed. ... Harran, also known as Carrhae, is an archeological site located in southeastern Turkey, 24 miles (39 kilometers) southeast of Şanlıurfa. ... Al-Jazira (Arabic, الجزيرة) is the traditional Arabic name for the region of northeastern modern-day Syria and northwestern modern-day Iraq. ...

Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba

• Abd ar-Rahman I, 756-788
• Hisham I, 788-796
• al-Hakam I, 796-822
• Abd ar-Rahman II, 822-852
• Abdallah ibn Muhammad, 888-912
• Abd ar-Rahman III, 912-929

Abd ar-Rahman I (Arabic: عبد الرحمان) (ruled 756-788) was the founder of a Muslim dynasty that ruled Spain for nearly three centuries. ... Hisham I was the second Umayyad emir of Cordoba, ruling from 788 to 796. ... Al-Hakam Ibn Hisham Ibn Abd-ar-Rahman I was an Umayyad Emir of Cordoba. ... Abd-ar-rahman II (822 - 852) was one of the weaker of the Spanish Umayyads. ... Abdallah ibn Muhammad, of the Umayyad dynasty, was Emir of Cordoba from 888 to 912. ... Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Cordoba (912 - 961) was the greatest and the most successful of the princes of the Ummayad dynasty in Spain. ...

Umayyad Caliphs at Cordoba

• Abd ar-Rahman III, as caliph, 929-961
• Al-Hakam II, 961-976
• Hisham II, 976-1008
• Mohammed II, 1008-1009
• Suleiman, 1009-1010
• Hisham II, restored, 1010-1012
• Suleiman, restored, 1012-1017
• Abd ar-Rahman IV, 1021-1022
• Abd ar-Rahman V, 1022-1023
• Muhammad III, 1023-1024
• Hisham III, 1027-1031

The interior of the Great Mosque in Córdoba, now a Christian cathedral. ... Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Cordoba (912 - 961) was the greatest and the most successful of the princes of the Ummayad dynasty in Spain. ... Al-Hakam II was Caliph of Cordoba, in Al-Andalus, and son of Abd_ar_rahman III (al_Nasir). ... Hisham II was the third Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Mohammed II was the fourth Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Suleiman II was the fifth Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Hisham II was the third Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Suleiman II was the fifth Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Abd ar-Rahman IV Mortada was the Caliph of Cordoba in the Umayyad dynasty in Spain, succeeding Suleiman II, in 1017. ... In the agony of the Umayyad dynasty in Spain, two princes of the house were proclaimed Caliph of Cordoba for a very short time, Abd-ar-Rahman IV Mortada (1017), and Abd-ar-Rahman V Mostadir (1023-1024). ... Muhammad III was an Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba. ... Hisham III was the last Umayyad ruler in Spain, and the last person to hold the title Caliph of Cordoba. ...

Umayyad sahaba

Here is a partial list of the sahaba (Companions of Muhammad) (who were part of the Umayyad clan: In Islam, the Sahāba (الصحابه) were the companions of the prophet Muhammad. ...

• Marwan ibn Al-Hakam
• Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan
• Abu Sufiyan ibn Harb

Marwan ibn al-Hakam (623 - 685) was an Umayyad caliph who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II gave up the title in 684. ... Muˤāwiyya I, or Muˤāwiyya ibn Abī-Sufyān (Arabic: ). (602 - May 6, 680) was the fifth Muslim Caliph and founder of the Umayyad Dynasty of Islamic caliphs. ... Abu Sufiyan ibn Harb was the leader of the Banu Abd Shams clan of the Quraish tribe, and was the chieftain of the entire Quraish tribe, making him one of, if not the most powerful men in Mecca during the lifetime of Muhammad. ...

Umayyad taba'een

Here is a partial list of the Taba'een (the generation that succeeded the Companions) who were part of the Umayyad clan: The Tabaeen (or Followers) are the generation of Muslims that came after the Sahaba. ...

• Abdul Rahman ibn Khalid ibn Walid
• Yazid bin Muawiyah
• Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan

Son of Khalid ibn Walid Muawiya I said to the people of Syria, I want to appoint a successor over you and need your advice. The people liked Abdul Rahman bin Khalid, but Muawiya could not tolerate this, since his intention was to appoint Yazeed [his own son] as... Yazid Ibn Muawiyah Ibn Abu Sufyan (645 - 683) (Arabic: يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان) was the sixth Muslim Caliph and the second of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (646 - 705) was an Umayyad caliph. ...

See also

• Umayya ibn Abd Shams
• History of Islam
• Caliphate
• Martyrs of Cordoba

This person is among the Sahabas ancestors Umayya ibn Abd Shams is whom the clan of Banu Umayyad is named. ... The History of Islam involves the history of the Islamic faith as a religion and as a social institution. ... An Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalīfah, Caliph (  listen?) is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... // Historical Background In 711 CE, a Moorish army from North Africa invaded Visigoth Christian Spain. ...

External links

• Ummayad Lineage Chart
• Ummayads
• Umayyads - First caliphate dynasty