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Encyclopedia > Ummayyad

The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic الأمويون / بنو أمية umawiyy; in Turkish, Emevi) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Meccan tribe, the Quraish. The first dynasty reigned from 661 to 750. Ironically, the Quraishi clan from which the Umayyads originated had originally been bitter enemies of Muhammad.

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The Courtyard of the Omayyad Mosque, Damascus

Muawiyah had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd caliph and his kinsman, Uthman ibn Affan. After the assassination of Uthman, he was replaced by the new caliph, Ali Ben Abu Talib. Rather than relinquish his post, Muawiyah took up a rebellion against Ali. The two fought many battles, and eventually they agreed to partition the Muslim empire. However, Ali was assassinated in 661, and Muawiyah declared himself caliph of all Muslim lands. This established the Umayyad dynasty, the capital was moved to Damascus


The Umayyads were overthrown in the east by the Abbasid dynasty after their defeat in the Battle of the Zab in 750, following which most of the clan was massacred by the Abbasids. An Umayyad prince, Abd-ar-rahman I, took over the Muslim territory in Spain and founded a new Umayyad dynasty there.

Contents
1 Umayyad Rulers

1.1 Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus
1.2 Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba
1.3 Umayyad Caliphs of Cordoba

2 External links

Umayyad Rulers

Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus

Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba

Umayyad Caliphs of Cordoba

See also History of Islam, Caliphate


External links

  • Ummayad Lineage Chart (http://www.history.unimelb.edu.au/middle_east/genealogy/umayyads.htm)
  • http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/umayyads.htm

  Results from FactBites:
 
Tell Ya'amun 2001 Excavations (1472 words)
Two carved marble columns (107cm long by 15cm square at the base) from the chancel screen were found on the pavement floor neatly placed against the east-west wall.
The doorways from these three rooms into the church had been closed with blocking stones at some time in the past indicating that these rooms were no longer in use while the main portion of the church experienced continued utilization in some, as yet, unknown way.
The rebuilding of the north south wall with unshaped stones on top of the shaped stones of the original church indicates that much of the had deteriorated prior to its modification during the Ummayyad period.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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