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Encyclopedia > Underground mining

Sub-surface mining or underground mining refers to a group of techniques used for the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. In contrast to the other main type of excavation, surface mining, sub-surface mining requires equipment and/or manpower to operate under the surface of the earth. Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ... Excavation is the best-known and most commonly used technique within the science of archaeology. ... Wyoming strip mine Surface mining is a type of mining used to extract deposits of mineral resources that are close to the surface. ...


In underground coal mines, another major environmental risk is fires. Hundreds of coal mines smolder in the United States, China, Russia, India, South Africa, and Europe. The inaccessibility and size of these fires many impossible to extinguish or control.


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  Results from FactBites:
 
Ohio Underground Mining Fact Sheet (1358 words)
Underground mine operators must notify surface owners, owners and occupants of structures, wells, buried oil, gas, or utility lines of their intent to extract coal beneath their property by sending written notice directly to the owner/occupant at least six months prior to the beginning of mining beneath the property.
In addition the notice must indicate the timing of mining activities beneath the property, the name of the company staff to contact regarding the mining activities, the information that the surface owner may review, and the location(s) of where the subsidence control plan of the underground operator may be examined.
Underground mining may not be conducted beneath, or adjacent to public buildings or facilities, churches, schools or hospitals, or impoundments with a storage capacity of twenty acre feet, unless a specific demonstration can be provided to the chief showing that such facilities will not be materially damaged by subsidence.
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