Underhang seats can arise in elections under any list electoral system, when a party is entitled to more seats according to party votes than it has put candiates forward for. See Election (movie) for the film directed by Alexander Payne. ...
Under list systems, parties receive a number of seats based upon the number of votes they received. If a party does not have enough people to fill its vacancies, there is an underhang. For example, if a party wins enough votes for ten seats, but only have seven people nominated on its list, then there is an underhang of three seats.
Parties with underhangs usually have to have less representation within the legislature. This is the process used in the New Zealand Parliament. The New Zealand Parliament is the legislative body of the New Zealand government. ...
In the 2005 election in New Zealand, if the "99 MP Party" (whose stated manifesto is to reduce the size of parliament) exceed the five-percent minimum then the size of parliament will automatically be reduced. They have only two entries on their list--less than five-percent would entitle them to--automatically causing an underhang.
Overhang seats can arise in elections under mixed member proportional (MMP), when a party is entitled to fewer seats as a result of party votes than it has won constituencies.
If a party is entitled to ten seats, but wins only seven constituencies, it will be awarded three extra seats, bringing it up to its required number.
In many countries, overhang seats are rare — a party that is able to win constituency seats is generally able to win a significant portion of the party vote as well.
Underhangseats can arise in elections under any list electoral system, when a party is entitled to more seats according to party votes than it has put candiates forward for.
For example, if a party wins enough votes for ten seats, but only have seven people nominated on its list, then there is an underhang of three seats.
Parties with underhangs usually have to have less representation within the legislature.
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