Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells or pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells (PHSCs) are stem cells found in the bone marrow. PHSC are the precursur cells which give rise to all the blood cell types of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. This includes monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells, microglia, erythrocytes (red blood cells), megakaryocytes (e.g. platelets), and dendritic cells. As stem cells, they are defined by their ability to form multiple cells types and their ability to self-renew. Mouse embryonic stem cells. ... Grays Anatomy illustration of cells in bone marrow. ... Myeloid cells is a subsummating term for all hemopoietic cells except the lymphoid ones (T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells, dendritic cells). ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... MONOCYTES: Plural of monocyte. ... Macrophages (Greek: big eaters) are cells found in tissues that are responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens, dead cells and cellular debris. ... Neutrophil granulocytes (commonly referred to as neutrophils) are a class of white blood cells and are part of the immune system. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Eosinophil granulocyte Eosinophil granulocytes, commonly referred to as eosinophils (or less commonly as acidophils), are white blood cells that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body. ... T cells are a subset of lymphocytes that play a large role in the immune response. ... B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response (as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response). ... Natural killer cells (NK) are a type of lymphocyte (a white blood cell) and a component of nonspecific immune defense. ... Microglia are a type of glial cell that act as the immune cells of the Central nervous system (CNS). ... Human red blood cells Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and are the vertebrate bodys principal means of delivering oxygen to body tissues via the blood. ... The megakaryocyte is a bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood platelets when cytoplasm processes become fragmented. ... Dendritic cells (DC) are immune cells and form part of the mammal immune system. ...

Source

Sketch of bone marrow and its cells

PHSC are found in the bone marrow of adults, which includes femurs, hip, ribs, sternum, and other bones. Cells can be obtained directly by removal from the hip using a needle and syringe, or from the blood following pre-treatment with cytokines that induce cells to be released from the bone marrow compartment. Other sources for clinical and scientific use include umbilical cord blood and placenta. For scientific purposes, fetal liver of animals is an occasional source. Image File history File links Gray72. ... Image File history File links Gray72. ... If you were looking for an organization, see FEMA. The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous and strongest bone of the human body. ... This article is about the bones called ribs. ... Figure 1 : Anterior surface of sternum and costa cartilages. ... Cytokines are small protein molecules that regulate communication among immune system cells and between immune cells and those of other tissue types. ... The placenta is an ephemeral (temporary) organ present only in female placental mammals during gestation (pregnancy). ...

Colony-forming units

There are four kinds of colony-forming units:

• Colony-forming unit lymphocyte (CFU-L)
• Colony-forming unit erythrocyte (CFU-E)
• Colony-forming unit granulo-monocyte (CFU-GM)
• Colony-forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU-Me)

Lymphocyte (stained) A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell involved in the human bodys immune system. ... Human red blood cells Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and are the vertebrate bodys principal means of delivering oxygen to body tissues via the blood. ... Monocyte A monocyte is a leukocyte, part of the human bodys immune system that protect against blood-borne pathogens and move quickly to sites of infection in the tissues. ... The megakaryocyte is a bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood platelets when cytoplasm processes become fragmented. ...

Lymphoid

CFU-L

These cells are precursors for lymphocytes. The process of lymphocyte formation is called lymphocytopoiesis. A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell involved in the human bodys immune system. ...

The cell differentiates as follows:

• Lymphoblast
• Prolymphocyte
• Large lymphocyte
• Small lymphocyte

Prolymphocyte that released into the blood stream and travel to the spleen or lymph nodes differentiate into B-lymphocytes and those that travel into the thymus differentiate into T-lymphocyte. Lymphoblasts are interferons produced predominantly by leucocyte cells. ... Lymphocyte (stained) A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell involved in the human bodys immune system. ... Lymphocyte (stained) A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell involved in the human bodys immune system. ... The spleen is a ductless, vertebrate gland that is not necessary for life but is closely associated with the circulatory system, where it functions in the destruction of old red blood cells in holding a reservoir of blood. ... Lymph nodes are components of the lymphatic system. ...

Myeloid

CFU-E

These cells are precursors for red blood cells, or erythrocytes. The process of red blood cell formation is called erythropoiesis. Human red blood cells Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and are the vertebrate bodys principal means of delivering oxygen to body tissues via the blood. ... Human red blood cells Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and are the vertebrate bodys principal means of delivering oxygen to body tissues via the blood. ... Erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced. ...

The cell differentiates as follows:

1. Proerythroblast
2. Polychromatophilic erythrocyte
3. Normoblast
4. Reticulocyte
5. Erythrocyte

A normoblast (or erythroblast) is a type of red blood cell which still retains a cell nucleus. ... Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, that normally comprise about 1% of the red cells in the human body. ... Human red blood cells Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and are the vertebrate bodys principal means of delivering oxygen to body tissues via the blood. ...

CFU-GM

These cells are precursors for granulocytes (basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil) or monocytes. The processes of cell formation are called granulocytopoiesis and monocytopoiesis Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells, characterised by the fact that all types have differently staining granules in their cytoplasm on light microscopy. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Biology stubs | Blood and immune system cells ... Eosinophils are white blood cells that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body. ... Neutrophil granulocytes (commonly referred to as neutrophils) are a class of white blood cells and are part of the immune system. ... MONOCYTES: Plural of monocyte. ...

The granulocyte precursor cell differentiates as follows: Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells, characterised by the fact that all types have differently staining granules in their cytoplasm on light microscopy. ...

• Myeloblast
• Promyelocyte
• Eosino/neutro/basophilic myelocyte
• Eosino/neutro/basophil

The monocyte precursor cell differentiates as follows: Myeloblasts or blasts are new, immature blood cells developed in the bone marrow that are the precursors of myelocytes. ... Eosinophils are white blood cells that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body. ... Neutrophil granulocytes (commonly referred to as neutrophils) are a class of white blood cells and are part of the immune system. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Biology stubs | Blood and immune system cells ... Monocyte A monocyte is a leukocyte, part of the human bodys immune system that protect against blood-borne pathogens and move quickly to sites of infection in the tissues. ...

• Promonocyte
• Early monocyte
• Monocyte

Osteoclasts also arise from haemopoietic cells of the monocyte/neutrophil lineage, specifically CFU-GM. Monocyte A monocyte is a leukocyte, part of the human bodys immune system that protect against blood-borne pathogens and move quickly to sites of infection in the tissues. ...

CFU-Me

These cells are precursors for megakaryocytes, which later form blood platelets or thrombocytes. The process of thrombocyte formation is called thrombocytopoiesis. The megakaryocyte is a bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood platelets when cytoplasm processes become fragmented. ... ...

The cell differentiates as follows:

• Megakaryoblast
• Promegakaryocyte
• Megakaryocyte

Platelets are then formed from the fragmentation of the megakaryocyte cytoplasm. A megakaryoblast is a precursor cell to a promegakaryocyte, which in turn becomes a megakaryocyte. ... The megakaryocyte is a bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood platelets when cytoplasm processes become fragmented. ... The megakaryocyte is a bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood platelets when cytoplasm processes become fragmented. ... Cytoplasm is a homogeneous, generally clear jelly-like material that fills cells. ...

Nomenclature

Between 1948 and 1950, the Committee for Clarification of the Nomenclature of Cells and Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs issued reports on the nomenclature of blood cells. An overview of the terminology is shown below, from earliest to final stage of development:

• [root]blast
• pro[root]cyte
• [root]cyte
• meta[root]cyte
• mature cell name

The root for CFU-E is "rubri", for CFU-GM is "granulo" or "myelo" and "mono", for CFU-L is "lympho" and for CFU-Me is "megakaryo". According to this terminology, the stages of red blood cell formation would be: rubriblast, prorubricyte, rubricyte, metarubricyte and finally erythrocyte. The nomenclature used in the article seems to be, at present, the most prevalent.

Physical characteristics

Hematopoietic stem cells morphologically resemble lymphocytes. They are non-adherant, rounded, rounded nucleus, and low cytoplasm to nucleus ratio. Since PHSC can not be isolated as a pure population, it is not possible to identify them in a microscope. The above description is based on the morphological characteristics of a heterogenous population of which PHSC are a component.