Established	1969
Exec. Dir.	Kathleen Rest
President	Kevin Knobloch
Headquarters	Cambridge, MA, USA
Membership	over 100,000
Founder	Kurt Gottfried
Homepage	http://www.ucsusa.org

The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) is an advocacy organization based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The UCS membership includes many private citizens in addition to professional scientists. Image File history File linksMetadata UCSlogo. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Map of the Cambridgeshire area (1904) The city of Cambridge is an old English university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire. ... Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Boston Boston Area  - Total   - Width   - Length    - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 44th 10,555 sq mi  27,360 km² 183 miles  295 km 113 miles  182 km 13. ... Advocacy is a parasol term for organized activism related to a particular set of issues. ... Nickname: City of Squares Official website: www. ... The physicist Albert Einstein is probably historys most widely recognized scientist. ...

Issue stances

Some of the policies that the UCS endorses include controls on pollution, reduction of nuclear weapons, a ban on weapons in space, federal regulation of some biotechnologies, the protection of endangered species and action against global warming. The Union also encourages research on renewable energy, low-pollution vehicles, and sustainable agriculture. The Union does not oppose the use of nuclear energy, but is a proponent of strict safety guidelines. They oppose a cap on tax credits for the development of hybrid vehicles [1]. They are against genetic engineering of livestock and oppose the non-theraputic use of antibiotics to treat livestock because of the danger of antibiotic resistance. [2][3] Water pollution Pollution is the release of environmental contaminants. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the hypocenter. ... The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) is a system proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983 to use space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear missiles. ... The structure of insulin Biotechnology is a technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ... The endangered Sea Otter An endangered species is a population of organisms (frequently but not always a taxonomic species) which is either (a) so few in number or (b) threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters that it is at risk of becoming extinct. ... Global mean surface temperatures 1856 to 2005 Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is a term used to describe the trend of increases in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans... Renewable energy (sources) or RES capture their energy from existing flows of energy, from on-going natural processes, such as sunshine, wind, flowing water, biological processes, and geothermal heat flows. ... Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals: environmental stewardship, farm profitability, and prosperous farming communities. ... [[fsdfsdfsthe fusing saf dfdsfsdfsdfdsfdiscovered. ... This article or section should be merged with tax credit Tax credits are credits on tax payable given by the government for specific reasons. ... See: Hybrid Vehicle ... An iconic image of genetic engineering; this 1986 autoluminograph of a glowing transgenic tobacco plant bearing the luciferase gene of the firefly strikingly demonstrates the power and potential of genetic manipulation. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ... Antibiotic resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic. ...

UCS received a Ideological Spectrum Rating of "1" (Radical Left) from the Capital Research Center. [4] Since the early 20th century, Radical Left has been used as an umbrella term to describe those on the political left who adhere explicitly and openly to revolutionary socialism, communism, or anarchism. ... Capital Research Center or CRC was founded in 1984 by Willa Johnson, former Senior Vice President of the Heritage Foundation, Deputy Director of the Office of Presidential Personnel in the first Reagan administration, and as a legislative aide in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. ...

History

The UCS was founded in 1969 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by faculty and students. In 1977, the UCS sponsored a "Scientists' Declaration on the Nuclear Arms Race" calling for an end to nuclear weapons tests and deployments in the United States and Soviet Union [5]. In response to the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), the UCS sponsored a petition entitled "An Appeal to Ban Space Weapons" [6]. 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a university located in the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. MIT is one of the worlds leading research institutions in science and technology. ... The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), commonly called Star Wars after the popular science fiction movies, was a system proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983[1] to use ground-based and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. ...

In 1997, the UCS circulated a petition entitled "A Call to Action". The petition called for the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. The petition was signed by 110 Nobel Prize laureates, including 104 Nobel Prize-winning scientists. 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kyoto Protocol Opened for signature December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan Entered into force February 16, 2005. ... Sir Edward Appletons medal Photographs of Nobel Prize Medals. ...

In February, 2004, the Union received a good deal of attention from the mass media by publishing a report titled "Scientific Integrity in Policymaking". This report criticized the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush for "politicizing" science. Some of the allegations include altering reports by the Environmental Protection Agency on global warming and choosing members of scientific advisory panels based on their political views rather than scientific experience. In July 2004, the Union released an addendum to the report in which they criticize the Bush administration and allege that reports on West Virginia strip mining had been improperly altered, and that nominees for government posts, such as Nobel laureate Torsten Wiesel, that the Union considered well-qualified, were rejected because they were openly critical of the Bush Administration and its policies. 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mass media is a term used to denote, as a class, that section of the media specifically conceived and designed to reach a very large audience (typically at least as large as the whole population of a nation state). ... Scientific Integrity in Policymaking: An Investigation into the Bush Administrations Misuse of Science is the title of a report published by the Union of Concerned Scientists in February, 2004. ... For the pop band, see Presidents of the United States of America. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States and former governor of Texas. ... EPA redirects here. ... Global mean surface temperatures 1856 to 2005 Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is a term used to describe the trend of increases in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 41st 62,809 km² 210 km 385 km 0. ... Strip mining is the practice of mining a seam of mineral ore by first removing all of the soil and rock that lies on top of it. ... Torsten Nils Wiesel (b. ...

On April 2, 2004, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy issued a statement by Dr. John Marburger, the director of OSTP and a Democrat, that claims the descriptions of the incidents in the UCS report are all "false," "wrong," or "a distortion." He said he was disappointed with the report and dismissed it as "biased."[7]. A UCS analysis of the particulars in the White House document stated them to be unjustified. Since that time, the administration has been virtually silent on the issue. [8] Dr John H. Marburger, III is the science advisor to George W. Bush and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. ...

On 15 October 2005, the UCS announced the creation of a new "Scientific Integrity Program," in response to what it termed a "changing political climate," to analyse and advocate on behalf of scientific integrity and against politically motivated interference in the scientific process.

External links

• Union of Concerned Scientists
• Restoring Scientific Integrity in Policy Making