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Encyclopedia > United Baltic Duchy
United Baltic Duchy
Vereinigtes Baltisches Herzogtum
? ?
Flag Coat of arms
Image:Estonia Livonia Courland 1740.JPG
Official language German
Capital Riga
Regent Adolf Pilar von Pilchau
Area ? km²
Population ?
Independance 12 April 1918
Admission 22 September 1918 (German State)
National anthem ?

The United Baltic Duchy (in German: Vereinigtes Baltisches Herzogtum) was a shortlived construct in 1918 made possible through Germany's occupation of Latvia and Estonia before the end of World War I. A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Riga (RÄ«ga in Latvian), the capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of River Daugava, at 56°58′ N 24°8′ E. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states and serves as a major cultural, educational, political, financial, commercial and industrial... // High public office A regent, from the Latin regens who reigns is anyone who acts of head of state, especially if not the Monarch (who has higher titles). ... This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... September 22 is the 265th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (266th in leap years). ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The term German Empire commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their states official national song. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ...


On March 8 and April 12 1918 the local Baltic German-dominated Land Council of Courland and the United Land Council of Livland, Estland, Riga and Ösel had declared independent states, known as the Duchy of Courland and the Baltic State (Baltischer Staat), respectively. Both states proclaimed themselves to be in personal union with Prussia, although the German government never responded to acknowledge that claim. March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ... The Baltic Germans (Baltendeutsche, Balten, and Deutschbalten respectively), were the ethnically German inhabitants of that area on the Eastern shore of the Baltic Sea which forms today the countries of Latvia. ... Map Kurland, Courland, Couronia, Curonia, or Kurzeme is a former Baltic province of the Teutonic Order state in Livonia (ca. ... This article is about the region in Europe. ... ... Riga (RÄ«ga in Latvian), the capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of River Daugava, at 56°58′ N 24°8′ E. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states and serves as a major cultural, educational, political, financial, commercial and industrial... Ösel is another name for Saaremaa, an island off of Estonia Ösel is also one of the six yogas of Naropa. ... Courland, Kurland, Couronia, or Curonia, a former Baltic province of the Teutonic Order state in Livonia (ca. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and...


The Baltic lands were nominally recognized as a sovereign state by Kaiser Wilhelm II only on September 22, 1918, half a year after the newly Soviet Russia had formally relinquished all authority over its former Imperial Baltic provinces to Germany in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. On November 5, 1918, a temporary Regency Council (Regentschaftsrat) for the new state lead by Baron Adolf Pilar von Pilchau was formed on a joint basis from the two local Land Councils. Kaiser is a German title meaning emperor, derived from the Roman title of Caesar, as is the Slavic title of Czar. ... Wilhelm II of Prussia and Germany, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern (January 27, 1859 - June 4, 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and the last King (König) of Prussia from 1888 - 1918. ... September 22 is the 265th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (266th in leap years). ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Big Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, adopted in 1882 Central element from the Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire Flag of Russian Empire Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the... The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest, formerly Brest-Litovsk, between Russia and the Central Powers, marking Russias exit from World War I. The treaty was practically obsolete before the end of the year but is significant as a chief... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Baron is a specific title of nobility or a more generic feudal qualification. ...


The capital of the new state was to be Riga. It was to be a confederation of 7 cantons: Courland, Riga, Lettgallen, South Livland, North Livland, Ösel, and Estland, the four first cantons thus covering the territory corresponding to today's Latvia and the latter three corresponding to today's Estonia. Latgale or Latgalia (Polish: Łatgalia; German: Lettgallen) is one of the four regions of Latvia recognised in the Constitution of the Latvian Republic. ...


The first head of state of the United Baltic Duchy was to be Adolf Friedrich, the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, not as a sovereign monarch, but as a subordinate to the German Kaiser, similar to other dukes and grand dukes of the German Empire. Duke Adolf Friedrich never assumed office. The appointed Regency Council consisting of four Baltic Germans, three Estonians and three Latvians functioned until November 28, 1918, without any international recognition, except from Germany. The President of the Philippines meets with the President of the United States. ... Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a Duchy (from 1815 a Grand Duchy) in northeastern Germany, formed by a partition of the Duchy of Mecklenburg. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme authority over a geographic region, group of people or oneself. ... A monarch is a type of ruler or head of state, whose titles and ascent are often inherited, not earned, and who represents a larger monarchical system which has established rules and customs regarding succession, duties, and powers. ... The term German Empire commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. ... The Baltic Germans (Baltendeutsche, Balten, and Deutschbalten respectively), were the ethnically German inhabitants of that area on the Eastern shore of the Baltic Sea which forms today the countries of Latvia. ... November 28 is the 332nd day (333rd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...


The defeat of Germany in World War I in November 1918, followed by the defeat in 1919 of the Baltic-German Landeswehr and German Freikorps units of General Rüdiger von der Goltz in Latvia by the Estonian army and nationalist Latvian units rendered the pro-German Baltic Duchy proto-state irrelevant. The Baltic nations of Estonia and Latvia were established as republics. The designation of Freikorps (German for Free Corps) was originally applied to voluntary armies. ... Rüdiger von der Goltz Gustav Adolf Joachim Rüdiger Graf von der Goltz (born December 8, 1865, in Züllichau, Prussia [now Poland]; died November 4, 1946, in Kinsegg, Allgäu, Germany) was the commander of German units which played an instrumental role in the defeat of Russian Bolsheviks... A republic is a state or country having a government whose political power depends solely on the consent of the people governed. ...


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The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji KunigaikÅ¡tystė, Belarusian: Ð'ялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (Ð'КЛ), Ukrainian: Ð'елике Князівство Литовське (Ð'КЛ), Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie) was an Eastern European state of the 12th-18th centuries.
Baltic pagan gentes, who later became Catholic united called Lithuanians acquired Ruthenian lands who in the 18th century separated into Belorussian and Ukrainian Nations and were Orthodox.
Prussian tribes (of Baltic origin) were attacking Masovia, and that was the reason Duke Konrad of Masovia invited the Teutonic Knights to settle near the Prussian area of settlement.
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The histories of today's Baltic countries took a first "common turn" in the 13th century when Christianity and feudalism were effectively introduced to the region by the invasion of the crusaders from the west (German Sword Brethren, Denmark) and the conversion of Lithuania's rulers from Paganism to Christianity.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Baltic provinces (Curonia, Livonia, Estonia and Ingria) and Lithuania in the 19th century, albeit with names and borders different from the present-day countries, were part of the Russian Empire.
After the Baltic states achieved independence in 1991, while German made a comeback as a language of study it was English that became the most commonly studied foreign language, and the role of Russian language in education fell sharply.
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