Irish Political History series

NATIONALISM

Main articles Home Rule Repeal Irish Nationalism Image File history File links Ireland-up. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Leinster. ... Devolution or Home rule is the pooling of powers from central government to government at regional or local level. ... Repeal was a demand by Irish nationalist leader Daniel OConnell for the repeal of the 1801 Act of Union which had merged the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Irish nationalism refers to political movements that desire greater autonomy or the independence of Ireland from Great Britain. ... Parties & Organisations All-for-Ireland League Ancient Order of Hibernians Catholic Association Cumann na nGaedhael Fine Gael Home Rule League Irish Land Acts Irish National Federation Irish National Land League Irish National Volunteers Irish Parliamentary Party National Centre Party Repeal Association SDLP United Irish League The All-for-Ireland League (A.I.L.), was an Irish, Munster based non-sectarian political party (1909-1918). ... Shield of the Ancient Order of Hibernians in America The Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH) is an Irish-Catholic fraternal organization. ... The Catholic Association was an Irish Roman Catholic organisation set up by Daniel OConnell in 1823 in order to campaign for Catholic Emancipation within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Cumann na nGaedhael (League of the Gaels), sometimes spelt Cumann na nGaedheal,[1] was an Irish language name given to two Irish political parties, the second of which had the greater impact. ... Fine Gael (IPA , though often mispronounced (approximate English translation: Family of the Irish) is the second largest political party in Ireland. ... The Home Rule League, sometimes called the Home Rule Party, was a nineteenth and early twentieth century Irish political party which campaigned for home rule for the island of Ireland. ... // The Irish Question British Prime Minister William Gladstone had taken up the Irish Question in part to win the general election of 1868 by uniting the Liberal Party behind this single issue. ... The Irish painter Henry Jones Thaddeus enlisted the conscience of the propertied classes with the sentimental realism of La retour du bracconier (The Wounded Poacher), exhibited in the Paris Salon of 1881, at the height of the Irish Land War The Irish Land League was an Irish political organization of... The Irish Volunteers (Óglaigh na hÉireann) were a paramilitary organization established by Irish Nationalists in 1913 to secure and maintain the rights and liberties common to the whole people of Ireland, and to enforce the imminent Home Rule Act. ... In 1882 Charles Stewart Parnell, the leader of the Nationalist Party, formed the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), replacing the Home Rule League, as a parliamentary party with strict rules. ... The National Centre Party was a political party in the Irish Free State founded in late 1932 the party was initially know as the National Farmers and Ratepayers League. ... Daniel OConnell set up the Repeal Association in 1840 to campaign for the Repeal of the Act of Union. ... The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP — Irish: Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre) is the smaller of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland. ... Documents & Ideas Anglo-Irish Agreement Anglo-Irish Treaty Belfast Agreement Catholic Emancipation Saorstát Constitution Constitution of 1782 Dáil Constitution Dual Monarchy External Relations Act Home Rule Act 1914 Home Rule Act 1920 Republic of Ireland Act ... on De-Anglicising Ireland Resurrection of Hungary The Anglo-Irish Agreement was an agreement between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland which aimed to bring an end to the Troubles in Northern Ireland. ... Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty, officially called the Articles of association between Ireland and the British Empire, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ... The Belfast Agreement (the Good Friday Agreement and, more rarely, as the Stormont Agreement) was a political development in the Northern Ireland peace process. ... Catholic Emancipation was a process in Great Britain and Ireland in the late 18th century and early 19th century which involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics which had been introduced by the Act of Uniformity, the Test Acts and the Penal Laws. ... The Constitution of the Irish Free State was the constitution of the independent Irish state established in December 1922. ... The Constitution of Dáil Éireann (Irish: Bunreacht Dála Éireann), more commonly known as the Dáil Constitution, was a short, provisional constitution adopted by the First Dáil in January 1919. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... The Executive Authority (External Relations) Act, 1936 was an enactment of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament) in 1936. ... The Government of Ireland Act 1914, more generally known as the Third Home Rule Act (or Bill) or the (Irish) Home Rule Act 1914, was an Act of Parliament passed by the British House of Commons in May 1914 under the official short title Government of Ireland Act 1914, which... An Act to Provide for the Better Government of Ireland, more usually the Government of Ireland Act, 1920 (this is its official short title; the formal citation is 10 & 11 Geo. ... The Republic of Ireland Act was an enactment of Oireachtas Éireann passed in 1948, which came into force on April 18, 1949 and which declared that the official description of Ireland was to be the Republic of Ireland. ... Newspapers Evening Herald Evening Mail Evening Telegraph Freeman's Journal Irish Independent Irish Press Sunday Independent The Irish News The Irish Times The Evening Herald is a tabloid evening newspaper published in Dublin, Ireland by Independent News & Media. ... The Evening Mail is one of the main newspapers for Birmingham, UK. It is a tabloid newspaper that often runs local campaigns. ... The Evening Telegraph was for most of existence Ireland’s leading evening newspaper. ... The Freemans Journal (1750s?-1924) was the oldest nationalist newspaper in Ireland. ... The Irish Independents header consists of its name and a green harp The Irish Independent is Irelands best-selling broadsheet newspaper. ... The Irish Press was an Irish newspaper published by Irish Press plc between 1931 and 1995. ... The Sunday Independent is a broadsheet Sunday newspaper published in the Republic of Ireland by Independent News and Media plc. ... The Irish News is a Berliner-sized newspaper based in Belfast, Northern Ireland. ... The Irish Times is Irelands newspaper of record, launched in the late 1850s. ... Songs A Nation Once Again God Save Ireland The Harp that Once A Nation Once Again is a song, written sometime in the 1840s by Thomas Osbourne Davis (1814-1845). ... God Save Ireland was the unofficial national anthem of the Irish Free State from 1916 to 1926, when it was displaced by the official Amhrán na bhFiann. ... Cultural Abbey Theatre Gaelic League GAA Irish Ireland A poster for the opening run at the Abbey Theatre from 27 December, 1904 to 3 January, 1905. ... Conradh na Gaeilge (The Gaelic League) is an organization for the purpose of keeping the Irish language spoken in Ireland. ... A stylised Celtic cross serves as the traditional logo of the GAA. The Gaelic Athletic Association (The GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael) is an organisation which is mostly focussed on promoting Irish sports, such as hurling and camogie, Gaelic football and handball, and rounders. ... Other movements & links Loyalism {{IrishL}} Monarchism {{IrishM}} Republicanism {{IrishR}} Unionism {{IrishU}} The term Ulster Loyalist is used to describe militant unionists from Northern Ireland. ... Irish Republicanism is an ideology based on the Irish nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a united independent republic. ... In the Irish context, Unionists form a group of largely (though not exclusively) Protestant people in Ireland, of all social classes, who wish to see the continuation of the Act of Union, as amended by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, under which the Northern Ireland provincial state created in...

The United Irish League (UIL) was a nationalist political party in Ireland. It was founded and initiated on 16 January 1898 at Westport, County Mayo by William O'Brien , initially supported by Michael Davitt. and John Dillon who worded its constitution. An Irish nationalist is generally one who seeks (greater) independence of Ireland from Great Britain, including since 1921 the goal of a United Ireland. ... A political party is an organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Westport is the name of several communities around the world. ... Statistics Province: Connacht County Town: Castlebar Code: MO Area: 5,397 km² Population (2006) 123,648 Website: www. ... William OBrien (2 October 1852–25 February 1928) was an Irish journalist, writer and politician, particularly associated with campaigns for land reform in Ireland during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Michael Davitt c. ... John Dillon (September 4, 1851 - August 4, 1927) was an Irish nationalist politician. ...

Origin

O’Brien who had retired from parliament and the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) in 1895 in the wake of the Parnell split, experienced at first hand in his West of Ireland Mayo exile the plight of the peasant tenant farmers and landless labourers, their distressed hardship trying to eke out an existence in its rocky landscape. He became intrinsically aware that to further their cause the three split factions of the IPP needed to be re-united, believing strongly that only agitational politics combined with constitutional pressures rather than physical force were the best means of achieving objectives In 1882 Charles Stewart Parnell, the leader of the Nationalist Party, formed the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), replacing the Home Rule League, as a parliamentary party with strict rules. ... Charles Stewart Parnell, the uncrowned King of Ireland Charles Stewart Parnell[1] (27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an Irish political leader and one of the most important figures in 19th century Ireland and the United Kingdom; William Ewart Gladstone described him as the most remarkable person he had... A tenant farmer is one who resides on and farms land owned by a landlord. ...

Objectives

The League was explicitly designed to reconcile the various parliamentary fragments by bringing them together in a new grass roots organisation around a programme of agrarian agitation, political reform and Home Rule. William O’Brien was the prime mover, and the difficulty of the project can be gauged from the fact that the parliamentary leaders had very different opinions on the land question. Dillon regarded the land issue as an essential motor for the nationalist movement. O’Brien championed the smallholders against the graziers while Davitt , whose original idea had been state ownership and agrarian socialism, was not particularly enamoured by peasant proprietorship.

Achievement

Immediately the UIL took up the issue of land redistribution, which the Irish Land League had campaigned on two decades earlier, but the declining National League and Irish National Federation had sidelined. The League's first electoral target was for the county council elections under the new revolutionary Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. which broke the power of the landlord dominated "Grand Juries" , for the first time passing absolute democratic control of local affairs into the hands of the people through elected Local County Councils. The Irish painter Henry Jones Thaddeus enlisted the conscience of the propertied classes with the sentimental realism of La retour du bracconier (The Wounded Poacher), exhibited in the Paris Salon of 1881, at the height of the Irish Land War The Irish Land League was an Irish political organization of... In the British Isles, a county council is a council that governs a county. ... The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 a piece of legislation passed as an Act of Parliament by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1898, to establish a system of local government in Ireland on lines similar that had been recently created in Great Britain at the time. ...

The UIL performed extremely well, and threatened the position of the Parliamentary Party (IPP). As a result, it proved very popular and quickly gained support from tenant farmer its branches sweeping over most of the country, dictating to the demoralised Irish party leaders the terms for reconstruction, not only of the party but the nationalist movement in Ireland. The movement was backed by O'Brien's new newspaper The Irish People (Sept. 1899 -Nov. 1904).

Applied unity

Around 1900 O'Brien, an unbending social reformer and agrarian agitator, was the most influential and powerful figure within the nationalist movement, although not formally its leader. The period was one in which much political development occurred. His UIL was by far the largest organisation in the country, comprising 1150 branches and 84,355 members. The result of the rapid growth of his UIL as a national organisation in achieving unity through organised popular opinion, was to effect a quick defensive re-union under the leadership of John Redmond of the discredited IPP factions, largely fearing O’Brien’s return to the political field. The National League and the Irish National Federation, representing the two wings of the IPP, both merged with the UIL, the IPP adopting the UIL as its main support constituency organisation. John Redmond, MP John Edward Redmond (1856 – March 1918) was the leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party from 1900 to 1918. ...

Ambivalence

This unity disturbed O’Brien as it resulted in most of the ineffective party candidates being re-elected in the 1900 general election, preventing the UIL from using its power in the pre-selection of candidates Dillon became ambivalent about the new association, believing that it would lead to confrontation with the government and endanger the alliance with the Liberals . This marked the first significant strain in the O’Brien-Dillon relationship. Within a few years Dillon was to tactically adjunct the UIL under the wing of the IPP manoeuvring it out of O'Brien's control. This article is about the historic Liberal Party. ...

Dissention

By 1901, the UIL claimed 100,000 members, O'Brien was at the height of his prestige and dominated the UIL maschine. His reconciliatory approach to solving the Irish Land Question under the December 1902 Land Conference agreed a formula for tenant land purchase and in turn became the backbone of the subsequent Wyndham Land Purchase Act 1903, the single largest measure of its type. George Wyndham (1863 - 1913) was a significant English political figure. ... // The Irish Question British Prime Minister William Gladstone had taken up the Irish Question in part to win the general election of 1868 by uniting the Liberal Party behind this single issue. ...

O'Brien's achievement aggravated Dillon, attacking the legislation and the "doctrine of conciliation", Davitt condemning both peasant land proprietorship and that lands were purchased rather than confiscated from the landlords. O'Brien requested from Redmond that they be disciplined, which he refused. Alienated from the party O'Brien indignantly resigned in 1904 stopping publication of his Irish People newspaper, believing the IPP could not survive without him. Dillon in turn had his close Belfast ally Joseph Devlin nominated as General Secretary of the UIL, assuming its leadership depriving O'Brien of all authority. The ensuing breach with O'Brien never healed, the popularity of the UIL falling nationwide into decline. WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 54. ... Joseph (Joe) Devlin (1872-18 January 1934) was an influential Nationalist politician and Member of Parliament in Northern Ireland. ...

Divergence

O'Brien turned to the Irish Land and Labour Association as his new political platform. In 1907 acting in the interest of unity he rejoined the IPP, left finally in 1909 hounded out again, this time by Devlin’s UIL Molly Maguire baton troop wing of the Ancient Order of Hibernians , as a consequence of which O’Brien founded the All-for-Ireland League. The UIL remained active as Devlin’s fisticuffs support organisation for the IPP up to rise of Sinn Féin after the 1914 outbreak of World War I. From 1918, it was restricted to Northern Ireland, and was defunct by the mid-1920s. The Irish Land and Labour Association (ILLA) was a progressive movement founded in the early 1890s in Munster, to organise and pursue political agitation for small tenant farmer’s and rural labourer’s rights. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Shield of the Ancient Order of Hibernians in America The Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH) is an Irish-Catholic fraternal organization. ... The All-for-Ireland League (A.I.L.), was an Irish, Munster based non-sectarian political party (1909-1918). ... Sinn Féin (pronounced in English, in Irish) is a name used by a series of Irish political movements of the 20th century, each of which claimed sole descent from the original party established by Arthur Griffith in 1905. ... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire French Empire Italy Russian Empire Kingdom of Serbia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria German Empire Ottoman Empire Commanders Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Ferdinand Foch Nikolay II Nikolay Yudenich Radomir Putnik Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Reinhard Scheer Franz Josef I Oskar... Dieu et mon droit (motto) (French for God and my right)2 Northern Irelands location within the UK Languages English (De facto) 3, Irish, Ulster Scots 4 Capital and largest city Belfast First Minister Office suspended Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Peter Hain MP Area  - Total Ranked 4th...

References

• Tom Garvin The Evolution of Irish Nationalist Politics (1991)
  Gill & Macmillian (2005), ISBN 0-7171-3967-0
• Patrick Maume The Long Gestation- Irish Nationalist Life 1891-1918
  Gill & Macmilliam (1999), ISBN 0-7171-2744-3
• Peter Barberis, John McHugh and Mike Tyldesley, Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organisations