المملكة الليبية United Kingdom of Libya ← ← ← 1951 – 1969 → Tripolitania is a historic region of western Libya, centered around the coastal city of Tripoli. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Fezzan is a desert region in south-western Libya. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Libyan_Arab_Republic_1969. ... This article is about the country of Libya. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Libya_(1951). ... Flag Flag ratio: 1:2 The flag of Libya (adopted on November 11, 1977) consists of a simple green field with no other characteristics. ... Anthem Libya, Libya, Libya Capital Tripoli and Benghazi¹ Language(s) Arabic Religion Islam Government Constitutional Monarchy King  - 1951-1969 Idris I Prime Minister  - 1951-1954 Mahmud al-Muntasir  - 1968-1969 Wanis al-Qaddafi History  - Independence 24 December, 1951  - Disestablished 1 September, 1969 Area  - 1954 1,759,530 km2 679,358 sq mi Population  - 1954 est. 1,091,830       Density 0.6 /km²  (1.6 /sq mi) Currency Pound ¹ The Kingdom had two capitals

The United Kingdom of Libya, later changed to the Kingdom of Libya, (Arabic: المملكة الليبية) came into existence on December 24, 1951 and lasted until a coup d'état on September 1, 1969 which turned the country into a republic. A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... Tripoli (Arabic: طرابلس Tarābulus) is the capital city of Libya. ... Colourful buildings in the city centre. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This page lists Heads of State of Libya since 1951. ... Idris I (Arabic: إدريس الأول) (March 12, 1890 - May 25, 1983) was the first King of Libya, reigning from 1951 to 1969. ... Since independence, the heads of government of Libya have been prime ministers (1951-1977), then General Secretaries of the General Peoples Committee of Libya (Arabic: ‎) . // Mahmud al-Muntasir (29 March 1951 - 19 February 1954) (1st time) Muhammad Sakizli (19 February - 12 April 1954) Mustafa Ben Halim (12 April 1954... Mahmud al-Muntasir (Arabic: محمود المنتصر ) was the first Prime minister of Libya from 29 March 1951 to 19 February 1954 his second term was from 20 January 1964 to 20 March 1965. ... Wanis al-Qaddafi (Arabic: ونيس القذافي) (born 1924) was Prime Minister of Libya from 4 September 1968 to 31 August 1969. ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (359th in leap years). ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... The pound (Arabic junieh) was the currency of Libya between 1951 and 1971. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ...

History

Prior to the second world war Libya had been a colony of Italy until they were driven out by the allies in 1943. Following their defeat in World War 2, Libya came under the control of France and the United Kingdom as a UN Trusteeship in 1947 when Italy formally relinquished its claim to Libya. As part of the arrangement the United Kingdom and France governed the three historical regions of Libya Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan. The UK was responsible for Tripolitania and Cyrenaica and France was responsible for Fezzan. On November 21, 1949, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution that Libya should become independent before January 1, 1952. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... The United Nations Trusteeship Council, one of the principal organs of the United Nations, was established to help ensure that non-self-governing territories were administered in the best interests of the inhabitants and of international peace and security. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Tripolitania is a historic region of western Libya, centered around the coastal city of Tripoli. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Fezzan is a desert region in south-western Libya. ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Idris as-Senussi the Emir of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica and the leader of the Senussi Muslim sufi order represented Libya in the UN negotiations, and on December 24, 1951, Libya declared its independence with representatives from Cyrenaica, Tripolitania and Fezzan declaring a union with the country being called the United Kingdom of Libya with Idris as-Senussi being offered the crown. In accordance with the constitution the new country had a federal government with the three states of Cyrenaica, Tripolitania and Fezzan having autonomy. The kingdom also had two capital cities Tripoli and Benghazi. A couple of years after independence on March 28, 1953 Libya joined the Arab League. Idris I (Arabic: إدريس الأول) (March 12, 1890 - May 25, 1983) was the first King of Libya, reigning from 1951 to 1969. ... Entrance to the emirs palace in Bukhara. ... The Senussi or Sanussi refers to a Muslim political-religious order in Libya and Sudan founded in Mecca in 1837 by the Grand Senussi, Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi (1791–1859). ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... A Political Union is a type of state which is composed of smaller states. ... A federal government is the common government of a federation. ... Look up autonomy, autonomous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Tripoli (Arabic: طرابلس Tarābulus) is the capital city of Libya. ... Colourful buildings in the city centre. ... March 28 is the 87th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (88th in leap years). ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: ‎), is an organization of predominantly Arab states (compare Arab world). ...

Following independence Libya faced a number of problems. Their were no colleges in the country and just sixteen college graduates. Also the country had just three lawyers with not a single Libyan physician, engineer, surveyor or pharmacist in the kingdom. It was also estimated that only 250,000 Libyans were literate and that 10% of the population was blind, with eye diseases such as trachoma widespread. In light of these Britain provided a number of civil servants to staff the government. The Doctor by Luke Fildes This article is about the term physician, one type of doctor; for other uses of the word doctor see Doctor. ... For the Technical Symposium of NITK Surathkal Engineer , see Engineer (Technical Fest). ... Surveying is concerned with the application of mathematics and physics in obtaining accurate measurements for the determination of the position of points on the Earths surface. ... The mortar and pestle is an international symbol of pharmacists and pharmacies. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

In April 1955 oil exploration started in the kingdom with its first oil fields being discovered in 1959. The first exports began in 1963 with the discovery of oil helping to transform the Libyan economy. This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...

On April 25, 1963 the federal system of government was abolished and in line with this the name of the country was changed to the Kingdom of Libya to reflect the constitutional changes. April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...

As was the case with other African nations following independence the Italian settlers in Libya held many of the best jobs, owned the best farmland and run the most successful businesses.

History of Libya
Periods
Ancient Libya Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Since Neolithic times the climate of North Africa has been drying. ... Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica The Age of the Caliphs With tenuous Byzantine control over Libya restricted to a few poorly defended coastal strongholds, the Arab horsemen who first crossed into Pentapolis, Cyrenaica in September 642 encountered little resistance. ... Ottoman Libya By the beginning of the 15th century the Libyan coast had minimal central authority and its harbours were havens for unchecked bands of pirates. ... Italian Colony For a fullt treatment of the Italian invasion of 1911, see Italian invasion of Libya. ... Kingdom of Libya Modern Libya On November 21, 1949, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution stating that Libya should become independent before January 1, 1952. ...
See also Italian invasion Combatants Italy Ottoman Empire Commanders Luigi Caneva Ismail Enver Strength 100,000 25,000 Casualties 3,380 4,220 wounded 14,000 The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War (also known in Italy as guerra di Libia, the Libyan war ) was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Italy from September... History of the Jews in Libya Jews have lived in Libya since the 3rd century BC, when North Africa was under Roman rule. ...

The monarchy came to an end on September 1, 1969 when a group of military officers led by Muammar al-Gaddafi staged a coup d’état against King Idris while he was in Turkey for medical treatment. The revolutionaries arrested the army chief of staff and the head of security in the kingdom. After hearing about the coup King Idris dismissed it as "unimportant" while it was reported the Crown Prince Hasan as-Senussi had announced his support for the new regime. September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... Colonel Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi1 (Arabic:   ) (born c. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The coup pre-emptied King Idris' instrument of abdication dated August 4, 1969 to take affect September 2, 1969 in favour of the Crown Prince who had been appointed regent following the kings departure for Turkey. Following the overthrow of the monarchy the country was renamed the Libyan Arab Republic. August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ...

Government

HM King Idris

The United Kingdom of Libya was a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with legislative power being exercised by the King in conjunction with Parliament. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A hereditary monarchy is the most common style of monarchy and is the form that is used by almost all of the worlds existing monarchies. ...

The King

The King was defined by the constitution as the supreme head of state. Before he is able to assume constitutional powers the King would need to take an oath before a joint session of the Senate and the House of Representatives. All laws passed by parliament needed to be sanctioned and promulgated by the king. It was also the king's responsibility to open and close the sessions of Parliament, its also his responsibility to dissolve the House of Representatives in line with the constitution. The king was head of the kingdom's armed forces. The Armed forces of Libya are comprised of: The Libyan Army The Libyan Navy The Libyan Air Force The Libyan Peoples Militia Libya      Military of Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the...

Parliament

The kingdoms parliament consisted of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Both chambers met and closed at the same time of each other.

The senate was made up of twenty-four members appointed by the king. A seat in the senate was restricted to Libyan nationals of at least forty years. The king appointed the president of the senate with the senate itself electing two vice presidents which the king would then need to approve. The position of president and vice-president was for a fixed two year term at which the point the king would need to reappoint the president or replace them with someone else while the vice-presidents will have to face re-election. Senators could serve a maximum of eight years at which point they would be forced to retire although this did not prevent them from being re-appointed. Half of all the senators were to be replaced every four years.

Members of the House of Representatives were elected through universal suffrage following the constitutional change on April 25, 1963 with women previously not able to vote. The number of deputies in the house was determined on the basis of one deputy for twenty thousand people. Elections were held every four years unless parliament was dissolved earlier. The deputy's were responsible for electing a speaker and two vice-speakers for the house. Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief, intelligence, or economic or social status. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...

Council of ministers

The King was responsible for appointing and removing Prime Minister's. The king also appointed and dismissed ministers based on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Council of Ministers were responsible for the direction of the internal and external affairs of the country and the council were accountable to the House of Representatives. Once a prime minister was removed from office this automatically resulted in dismissal of all the other ministers. Since independence, the heads of government of Libya have been prime ministers (1951-1977), then General Secretaries of the General Peoples Committee of Libya (Arabic: ‎) . // Mahmud al-Muntasir (29 March 1951 - 19 February 1954) (1st time) Muhammad Sakizli (19 February - 12 April 1954) Mustafa Ben Halim (12 April 1954...

Subdivisions

The three provinces (1951-1963)

The pre 1963 provinces

Following independence the kingdom was organised into three provinces Cyrenaica, Fezzan and Tripolitania, which are the three historic regions of Libya. Autonomy in the provinces was exercised through provincial governments and legislatures. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Fezzan is a desert region in south-western Libya. ... Tripolitania is a historic region of western Libya, centered around the coastal city of Tripoli. ...

The Roman Empire ca. ... Colourful buildings in the city centre. ... Fezzan is a desert region in south-western Libya. ... Sabha is an important city in southern Libya. ... Tripolitania is a historic region of western Libya, centered around the coastal city of Tripoli. ... Tripoli (Arabic: طرابلس Tarābulus) is the capital city of Libya. ...

1963 reorganisation

Following a change in the constitution abolishing the federal makeup of the country in 1963 the three provinces were reorganised into ten governorates known as Muhafazah in Arabic which were ruled by an appointed governor. 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... The governorates of Libya (muhafazah) existed from the 1960s until the 1980s. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Governorate. ...

• Al Jabal al Akhdar, formerly part of Cyrenaica
• Al Khums, formerly part of Tripolitania
• Awbari, formerly part of Fezzan
• Az Zawiyah, formerly part of Tripolitania
• Benghazi, formerly part of Cyrenaica
• Darnah, formerly part of Cyrenaica
• Al Jabal al Gharbi, formerly part of Fezzan and Tripolitania
• Misratah, formerly part of Tripolitania
• Sabhah, formerly part of Fezzan
• Tarabulus, formerly part of Tripolitania

Darnah was one of the governorates of Libya. ...

See also

• Federation of Arab Republics
• List of heads of government of Libya

The Federation of Arab Republics (1972-1977) were a brief union of Libya, Egypt, and Syria. ... Since independence, the heads of government of Libya have been prime ministers (1951-1977), then General Secretaries of the General Peoples Committee of Libya (Arabic: ‎) . // Mahmud al-Muntasir (29 March 1951 - 19 February 1954) (1st time) Muhammad Sakizli (19 February - 12 April 1954) Mustafa Ben Halim (12 April 1954...

References

• Kingdom of Libya's constitution
• worldstatesmen.org
• Birth of a nation
• Statoids
• 1969: Bloodless coup in Libya (BBC)
• Libya: Oil and Gas
• Royal Ark
• Independent Libya