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U.S. customary units, also known in the United States as English units[1] (but see English unit) or standard units, are units of measurement that are currently used in the USA, in some cases alongside units from SI (the International System of Units — the modern metric system). All units are defined in terms of SI base units, but at ratios inconvenient for conversion. English unit is the American name for a unit in one of a number of systems of units of measurement, some obsolete, and some still in use. ...
The former Weights and Measures office in Middlesex, England. ...
Look up si, Si, SI in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The International System of Units (symbol: SI) (for the French phrase Syst me International dUnit s) is the most widely used system of units. ...
[edit] History The U.S. system of units is similar to the Imperial system which was used officially in the United Kingdom until 1995 (and which still has official usage there for a few purposes, and unofficial usage for many others). Both systems derive from the evolution of local units over the centuries, as a result of standardization efforts in England; the local units themselves mostly trace back to Roman and Anglo-Saxon units. Today, these units are defined in terms of SI units. The Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of English units, first defined in the Weights and Measures Act of 1824, later refined (until 1959) and reduced. ...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
In the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, the United States government designated the metric system of measurement as "the preferred system of weights and measures for U.S. trade and commerce". The legislation states that the Federal Government has a responsibility to assist industry, especially small business, as it voluntarily converts to the metric system of measurement. This process of legislation and conversion is known as metrication, and in the U.S. is most evident in labeling requirements on food products, where SI units are almost always presented alongside customary units. Metrication or metrification refers to the introduction of the SI metric system as the international standard for physical measurements—a long-term series of independent and systematic conversions from the various separate local systems of weights and measures. ...
However, metrication in the United States has been less forcefully imposed than in other countries,[2] and has encountered more resistance from industrial and consumer market forces, so customary units are still widely used on consumer products and in industrial manufacturing; only in military, medical, and scientific contexts are SI units generally the norm. (Mars Climate Orbiter crashed on Mars because one team used newtons and the other used pounds-force.) Since everyday weights and measures are mostly non-SI, children in U.S. public schools are generally taught customary units before SI, although many schools are now attempting to teach SI units at an earlier age. This label, on a bottle of Head & Shoulders shampoo, illustrates the conflicted state of U.S. metrication in the early 21st century. ...
Artists conception of the Mars Climate Orbiter Mars Climate Orbiter during tests The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter) was one of two spacecraft in the Mars Surveyor 98 program, the other being the Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Lander). ...
Adjectives: Martian Atmosphere Surface pressure: 0. ...
For other uses, see Newton (disambiguation). ...
The pound-force is a non-SI unit of force or weight (properly abbreviated lbf or lbf). The pound-force is equal to a mass of one pound multiplied by the standard acceleration due to gravity on Earth (which is defined as exactly 9. ...
There are anecdotal objections to the use of metric units in carpentry and the building trades, on the basis that it is easier to remember an integer number of inches plus a fraction than a measurement in millimeters[3] , or that inch measurements are more suitable when distances are frequently divided by two.[2]
Other countries had (or still have, unofficially), customary units of their own, sometimes very similar in name and measure to the U.S. customary units, since they often shared the same Germanic or Roman origins. Frequently, however, these units designated quite different sizes. For example, in different countries, the mile ranged from one half to five US miles, and even foot and pound had varying definitions. Even within the USA, at least through the 19th century, the customary units of measure were sometimes just as variable. Eventually, most countries, including the United States, redefined their customary units in terms of SI units like kilogram and meter. Often, though, unlike English units, they were rounded to "nice" SI values, leading to their use in colloquial speech, alongside SI terms, into the present day. “Miles†redirects here. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
The pound or pound-mass (abbreviations: lb, , lbm, or sometimes in the United States: #) is a unit of mass (sometimes called weight in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including the imperial and US and older English systems. ...
Kg redirects here. ...
The metre, or meter (symbol: m) is the SI base unit of length. ...
Historically, a wide range of non-SI units have been used in the United States, and on the British Isles before that, but many of these have fallen into disuse. This article only deals with the units commonly used or officially defined in the United States.
As of 2007, the U.S. customary units remain the last widely used official non-metric system of measurement as besides the United States only Liberia and Myanmar have not adopted the International System of Units as their primary or sole system of measurement.[4]
[edit] Units of length The system for measuring length in the United States' customary system is based on the inch, foot, yard, and mile, which are the only four customary length measurements in everyday use. However, for each of these units there exist two slightly different definitions, yielding two different systems of measure - international measure, and U.S. survey measure. The relationships between the different units within each measure is the same, but each measure has a slightly different definition in terms of metric units. An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A yard (abbreviation: yd) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
“Miles†redirects here. ...
One inch international measure is exactly 25.4 millimeters, while one inch U.S. survey measure is defined so that 39.37 inches is exactly 1 meter. For most applications, the difference is insignificant (about 3 millimeters per mile). International measure is used for everyday use, engineering, and commerce in the United States, while survey measure is used only for surveying. An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
The metre, or meter (symbol: m) is the SI base unit of length. ...
International measure, agreed in 1959, uses the same definition of the units involved as is used in the UK and other Commonwealth countries. Before that date, those other countries still used separate standards. U.S. survey measure uses an older definition of the units (specified by the Mendenhall Order in 1893) which the United States used prior to adopting international measure. Previous to this agreement, the US standard was identical to survey measure. The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2006 Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK Official languages English Membership 53 sovereign states Leaders - Queen Elizabeth II - Secretary-General Don McKinnon since 1 April 2000 Establishment - Balfour Declaration 18 November 1926 - Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931 - London Declaration 28 April 1949 Area - Total...
The Mendenhall Order marked a decision to change the USAs weights and measures from the customary system based on that of England to the metric system. ...
| Unit | Divisions | SI Equivalent | | Exact relationships shown in boldface | | International | | 1 inch (in) | | 25.4 mm | | 1 foot (ft) | 12 in | 0.3048 m | | 1 yard (yd) | 3 ft | 0.9144 m | | 1 mile (mi) | 5,280 ft | 1.609344 km | | Survey | | 1 link (li) | 33⁄50 ft | 0.201168 m | | 1 foot (survey) | 1200⁄3937 m | 0.3048006 m | | 1 rod (rd) | 25 li | 5.029210 m | | 1 chain (ch) | 4 rd | 20.1168 m | | 1 mile (survey) | 80 ch | 1.609347 km | An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A yard (abbreviation: yd) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
“Miles†redirects here. ...
A Gunters chain that belonged to John Johnson (1771-1841), Surveyor General of Vermont. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A rod is a unit of length, equal to 5. ...
As a unit of measurement within the Imperial system, the chain (surveyors chain, Gunters chain) is defined as 22 yards, 66 feet, or four rods. ...
“Miles†redirects here. ...
[edit] Units of area The units of area in the U.S. customary system are mostly based on the units of length squared, e.g., square inch (sq in, 645.16 mm²). Since the U.S. customary system has two differing definitions of the foot (international and survey), there are also two differing definitions for the square foot. A square inch is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 inch long. ...
Americans generally measure rooms and buildings in square feet; carpet in square yards; property in acres; and territory in square miles. The square rod and square chain are rarely used.
| Unit | Divisions | SI Equivalent | | International | | 1 square inch (sq in) | | 645.16 mm² | | 1 square foot (sq ft) | 144 sq in | 0.09290304 m² | | 1 square yard (sq yd) | 9 sq ft | 0.83612736 m² | | 1 square mile (sq mi) | 3,097,600 sq yd | 2.589988110336 km² | | Survey | | 1 square foot (sq ft) (survey) | | 0.09290341 m² | | 1 square rod (sq rd) | 272.25 sq ft | 25.29295 m² | | 1 square chain (sq ch) | 16 sq rd | 404.6873 m² | | 1 acre | 10 sq ch | 4,046.873 m² | | 1 square mile (sq mi) (survey) | 640 acres | 2.58998811 km² | The Public Land Survey System, used to divide land in most of the United States, uses the survey mile to divide land into regular square parcels, such as "sections" and "townships". However, these terms are not used for general area measurement, but are instead used to indicate particular parcels of land in a rectangular grid. A square inch is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 inch long. ...
A square foot is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 foot long. ...
-1...
A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...
A square foot is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 foot long. ...
A rod is a unit of length, equal to 5. ...
As a unit of measurement within the Imperial system, the chain (surveyors chain, Gunters chain) is defined as 22 yards, 66 feet, or four rods. ...
An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ...
A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...
The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is a method used in the United States to survey and identify land parcels, particularly for titles and deeds of rural, wild or undeveloped land. ...
[edit] Units of capacity and volume The cubic inch, cubic foot and cubic yard are commonly used for measuring volume. In addition, there is one group of units for measuring volumes of liquids, and one for measuring volumes of dry material. A cubic inch is the volume of a cube which is one inch long on each edge. ...
It has been suggested that Thousand Cubic Feet be merged into this article or section. ...
The cubic yard (symbols yd³, cu. ...
Other than the cubic foot, cubic inch and cubic yard, these units are differently sized from the units in the Imperial system, although the names of the units are similar. Also, while the U.S. has separate systems for measuring the volumes of liquids and dry material, the Imperial system has one set of units for both. This article is about post-1824 Imperial units, please see also English unit, U.S. customary unit or Avoirdupois. ...
Technically speaking, since these units are defined in terms of the inch, it would make a difference whether international or survey measure was used. However, in practice, the difference between the two definitions would be imperceptible, and in any case in defining volumes international measure is used.
[edit] Volume in general | Unit | Divisions | SI Equivalent | | 1 cubic inch (cu in) | | 16.387 064 mL[5] | | 1 cubic foot (cu ft) | 1 728 cu in | 28.316 846 592 L | | 1 cubic yard (cu yd) | 27 cu ft | 764.554 857 984 L
or
0.764 554 857 984 m³ | A cubic inch is the volume of a cube which is one inch long on each edge. ...
It has been suggested that Thousand Cubic Feet be merged into this article or section. ...
The cubic yard (symbols yd³, cu. ...
[edit] Liquid volume Most important measures shown in bold font | Unit | Divisions | SI Equivalent | | 1 minim (min) | | 0.061 611 52 mL | | 1 fluid dram (fl dr) | 60 min | 3.696 691 mL | | 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) | 8 fl dr | 29.573 53 mL | | 1 gill (gi) | 4 fl oz | 118.294 1 mL | | 1 cup (cp) or (c) | 2 gi or 8 fl oz | 236.588 2 mL | | 1 (liquid) pint (pt) | 2 cups or 4 gi or 16 fl oz | 473.176 5 mL | | 1 (liquid) quart (qt) | 2 pt or 32 fl oz | 946.352 9 mL | | 1 gallon (gal) | 4 qt or 128 fl oz or 231 in³ | 3.785 412 L | | 1 beer barrel (bbl) | 31 gal | 117.347 8 L | | 1 oil barrel (bbl) | 42 gal | 158.987 3 L | | 1 hogshead | 63 gal | 238.481 0 L | The gill—pronounced /dʒɪl/—is basically a paper unit which is not actually used in the United States any more. Minims and drams are also rarely used. Single servings of beverages are usually measured in fluid ounces. Milk is usually sold in cups or half pints (8 fluid ounces), pints, quarts and gallons. Water volume for sinks, bathtubs, ponds, swimming pools, etc., is usually described in gallons. The fluid ounce derives its name originally from being the volume of one ounce avoirdupois of water, but in the US it is defined as the 128th part of a US gallon, so a fluid ounce of water weighs about 1.043 ounces. The saying "a pint's a pound the world around" refers to 16 fluid ounces being one pint in the United States, but ironically it is only approximately true in the US. In the rest of the English-speaking world 20 fluid ounces make a pint, so it is said that "A pint of water weighs a pound and a quarter". A minim is a small amount of fluid. ...
The dram (American spelling) or drachm (British spelling) is a small imperial unit of volume; it is also called the fluidram (contraction of fluid dram). ...
A fluid ounce is a unit of volume in both the Imperial system of units and the U.S. customary units system. ...
The millilitre is the equivalent of a cubic centimetre. ...
The gill is a unit of measurement for volume, equal in the USA to one half of a cup (120 ml). ...
The cup is a unit of measurement for volume, used in cooking to measure bulk foods, such as chopped vegetables (dry measurement), and liquids (fluid measurement). ...
A fluid ounce (also known as a fluidounce) is a unit of volume in both the Imperial system of units and the U.S. customary units system. ...
The pint is an English unit of volume or capacity in the imperial system and United States customary units, equivalent in each system to one half of a quart, and one eighth of a gallon. ...
For other uses, see Quart (disambiguation). ...
The gallon (abbreviation: gal) is a unit of volume. ...
A cubic inch is the volume of a cube which is one inch long on each edge. ...
“bbl†redirects here. ...
BBL can refer to: an abbreviation for the Baltic Basketball League Bank Brussels Lambert, a Belgian bank, now merged into ING Group an abbreviation for a barrel, see Bbl an Internet acronym for Be Back Later an abbreviation for the Bird Banding Laboratory an abbreviation for the British Basketball League...
A hogshead is a large cask of liquid (less often, of a food commodity). ...
The avoirdupois (IPA: ; French IPA: ) system is a system of weights (or, properly, mass) based on a pound of sixteen ounces. ...
[edit] Dry volume | Unit | Divisions | SI Equivalent | | 1 (dry) pint (pt) | 33.6003125 cu in (exactly) | 550.610 5 mL | | 1 (dry) quart (qt) | 2 pt | 1.101 221 L | | 1 (dry) gallon | 4 qt | 4.404 884 L | | 1 peck (pk) | 2 (dry) gallons | 8.809 768 L | | 1 bushel (bu) | 4 pk | 35.239 07 L | Small fruits, berries, and vegetables are often sold in dry pints and dry quarts. Most Americans do not have experience with dry gallons, however pecks, or bushels are sometimes used particularly for apples and similar fruits in agricultural regions. The pint is an English unit of volume or capacity in the imperial system and United States customary units, equivalent in each system to one half of a quart, and one eighth of a gallon. ...
For other uses, see Quart (disambiguation). ...
A 1/2 peck apple bag A peck is an Imperial and U.S. customary unit of dry volume, equivalent in each of these systems to 8 dry quarts, or 16 dry pints. ...
A table of weights from the secretaries of the different states, showing the no. ...
A 1/2 peck apple bag A peck is an Imperial and U.S. customary unit of dry volume, equivalent in each of these systems to 8 dry quarts, or 16 dry pints. ...
A table of weights from the secretaries of the different states, showing the no. ...
[edit] Units of mass There have historically been four different English systems of mass: Tower weight, Troy weight, Avoirdupois system, and Apothecaries' system. Tower weight fell out of use (due to legal prohibition) centuries ago, and was never used in the United States. Troy weight is still used to weigh precious metals. Apothecaries weight, once used in pharmacy, has been largely replaced by metric measurements. Avoirdupois mass, being directly related to the kilogram, is used to define mass in the U.S. customary system. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviations: lb, , lbm, or sometimes in the United States: #) is a unit of mass (sometimes called weight in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including the imperial and US and older English systems. ...
Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals, black powder, and gemstones. ...
The avoirdupois system is a system of weights defining terms such as pound and ounce. ...
The apothecaries system of mass is an obsolete system formerly used by apothecaries (now called pharmacists or chemists) in English-speaking countries. ...
The Avoirdupois pound is legally defined as a measure of mass, but the name pound is also applied to measures of force. For instance, in many contexts, the pound avoirdupois is used as a unit of mass, but in the realm of physics, the term "pound" means "pound-force". For other uses, see Mass (disambiguation). ...
In physics, a net force acting on a body causes that body to accelerate; that is, to change its velocity. ...
The pound or pound-mass (abbreviations: lb, , lbm, or sometimes in the United States: #) is a unit of mass (sometimes called weight in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including the imperial and US and older English systems. ...
The pound-force is a non-SI unit of force or weight (properly abbreviated lbf or lbf). The pound-force is equal to a mass of one pound multiplied by the standard acceleration due to gravity on Earth (which is defined as exactly 9. ...
Troy weight, avoirdupois weight, and apothecaries weight are all defined in terms of the same basic unit, the grain, which is the same in all three systems. However, while each system has some overlap in the names of their units of measure (all have ounces and pounds), the relationship between the grain and these other units within each system varies. For example, in apothecaries and troy weight, the pound and ounce are the same, but are different from the pound and ounce in avoirdupois, in terms of their relationships to grains and to each other. The systems also have different units between the grain and ounce (apothecaries has scruple and dram, troy has pennyweight, and avoirdupois has just dram). The dram was once known as the drachm. Dram can mean several things: for the imperial unit of volume see dram (volume) for the imperial unit of weight or mass see avoirdupois and apothecaries system of mass for the Armenian monetary unit see dram (currency) DRAM is a type of RAM and unlike dram is spelled in all...
Dram can mean several things: for the imperial unit of volume see dram (volume) for the imperial unit of weight or mass see avoirdupois and apothecaries system of mass for the Armenian monetary unit see dram (currency) DRAM is a type of RAM and unlike dram is spelled in all...
Dram can mean several things: for the imperial unit of volume see dram (volume) for the imperial unit of weight or mass see avoirdupois and apothecaries system of mass for the Armenian monetary unit see dram (currency) DRAM is a type of RAM and unlike dram is spelled in all...
To alleviate confusion, it is typical when publishing non-avoirdupois weights to mention the name of the system along with the unit. Precious metals, for example, are often weighed in "troy ounces", because just "ounce" would be more likely to be assumed to mean an ounce avoirdupois.
The pound avoirdupois, which forms the basis of the U.S. customary system of mass, is defined as exactly 453.59237 grams. All the other units of mass are defined in terms of it. BIC pen cap, about 1 gram. ...
For the pound and smaller units, the U.S. customary system and the British Imperial system are identical. However, they differ when dealing with units larger than the pound. The definition of the pound avoirdupois in the British Imperial system is identical to that in the U.S. customary system.
[edit] Avoirdupois weight -
Main article: Avoirdupois | Unit | Divisions | SI Equivalent | | 1 grain (gr) | 1⁄7000 lb | 64.798 91 mg | | 1 dram (dr) | 27+11⁄32 gr | 1.771 845 195 312 5 g | | 1 ounce (oz) | 16 dr | 28.349 523 125 g | | 1 pound (lb) | 16 oz | 453.592 37 g | | 1 hundredweight (cwt) | 100 lb | 45.359 237 kg | | 1 (short) ton | 20 cwt | 907.184 74 kg | In the United States, only the ounce, pound and short ton — known in the country simply as the ton — are commonly used, though the hundredweight is still used in agriculture and shipping. The avoirdupois (IPA: ; French IPA: ) system is a system of weights (or, properly, mass) based on a pound of sixteen ounces. ...
A grain is a unit of mass equal to 0. ...
Dram can mean several things: Dram (unit), an imperial unit of volume Dram, an imperial unit of weight or mass, see avoirdupois and apothecaries system Ottoman dram, a unit of weight, see dirhem Armenian dram, a monetary unit DRAM, a type of RAM Category: ...
The ounce (abbreviation: oz) is the name of a unit of mass in a number of different systems, including various systems of mass that form part of English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
The pound or pound-mass (abbreviations: lb, , lbm, or sometimes in the United States: #) is a unit of mass (sometimes called weight in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including the imperial and US and older English systems. ...
Hundred weight or hundredweight is a unit of measurement for mass in both the system of measurement used in the United Kingdom (and previously throughout the British Commonwealth), and in the system used in the United States. ...
The short ton is a unit of mass equal to 907. ...
[edit] Troy weight -
Main article: Troy weight The grain has the same definition as for Avoirdupois weight. Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals, black powder, and gemstones. ...
| Unit | Divisions | SI Equivalent | | 1 pennyweight (dwt) | 24 gr | 1.555 173 84 g | | 1 troy ounce (oz t) | 20 dwt | 31.103 476 8 g | | 1 troy pound (lb t) | 12 oz t | 373.241 721 6 g | A pennyweight (dwt) is an unit of mass which is the same as 24 grains, 1/240th of a troy pound, 1/20th of a troy ounce, approximately 0. ...
Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals and gemstones. ...
Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals and gemstones. ...
[edit] Cooking measures -
The most common cooking weights and measures in the United States are as follows: In recipes, quantities of ingredients may be specified by mass (weight), by volume, or by count. ...
| Unit | Divisions | SI Equivalent | | 1 teaspoon (tsp) | | 5 mL | | 1 tablespoon (tbsp) | 3 tsp | 15 mL | | 1 cup | 16 tbsp | 240 mL | | 1 stick | 4 oz | 115 g | The SI equivalents have been rounded to reasonable values in the table above, because cooking is not a precise science. Image:Teaspoon sugar. ...
This tablespoon has a capacity of about 1 tbsp. ...
The cup is a unit of measurement for volume, used in cooking to measure bulk foods, such as chopped vegetables (dry measurement), and liquids (fluid measurement). ...
[edit] Grain measures In agricultural practice, a bushel is a fixed mass of grain, nominally based on dry volume units. A table of weights from the secretaries of the different states, showing the no. ...
- 1 bushel (maize) = 56 lb ≈ 25.401 kg
- 1 bushel (wheat) = 60 lb ≈ 27.216 kg
[edit] Units of temperature Degrees Fahrenheit are used in the United States to measure temperatures in most non-scientific contexts. For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Temperature (disambiguation). ...
- Pure water freezes at 32 °F and boils at 212 °F at 1 atm.
- Water saturated with common salt freezes at −6.02 °F.
- Conversion formula:
 - For a rough conversion formula that is easier to perform in one's head, American travelers to regions that use Celsius may prefer
 which is identical to the real formula when F=50 and is accurate to within 5 degrees Fahrenheit when  . For scientific matters the Rankine scale, an absolute temperature scale based upon Fahrenheit, saw some use. Modern scientists almost always use the Kelvin and Celsius scales, though medical practitioners often use customary units for body temperature and weight. Standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure. ...
For the idealized thermodynamic cycle for a steam engine, see Rankine cycle. ...
For other uses, see Kelvin (disambiguation). ...
Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ...
[edit] Other units The British thermal unit (BTU or Btu) is a unit of energy used in the Power, Steam Generation and Heating and Air Conditioning industry globally. ...
This article is about a unit of measurement. ...
A hand (or handbreadth) is a unit of length measurement, usually based on the breadth of a male human hand and thus around 1 dm, i. ...
Etymology: French calorie, from Latin calor (heat), from calere (to be warm). ...
The board-foot is a specialized unit of volume for measuring lumber in the United States and Canada. ...
The R-value is a measure of thermal resistance. ...
- ^ "English units of measurement." (2001-2005). The Columbia Encyclopedia 6th ed. Accessed at http://www.bartleby.com/65/en/Englsh-u.html
- ^ a b Ed Tenner, (May 2005), "The Trouble with the Meter", http://www.technologyreview.com/Infotech/14422/
- ^ Robyn Williams (February 8, 1998) Trouble with the Metric System Australian Radio National, Ockham's Razor. http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s11563.htm
- ^ "Appendix G - Weights and Measures", The World Factbook, Washington: Central Intelligence Agency, 2007-01-17, <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-g.html>. Retrieved on 2007-02-04
- ^ The liter should be abbreviated with a capital L per National Institute of Standards and Technology. (1995.) Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). Special Publication 811. http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec06.html#6.1.2
is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
[edit] See also Some human-referenced units of measurement Units of measurement were among the earliest tools invented by humans. ...
A system of measurement is a set of units which can be used to specify anything which can be measured and were historically important, regulated and defined because of trade and internal commerce. ...
The former Weights and Measures office in Middlesex, England. ...
English unit is the American name for a unit in one of a number of systems of units of measurement, some obsolete, and some still in use. ...
The Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of English units, first defined in the Weights and Measures Act of 1824, later refined (until 1959) and reduced. ...
Both the imperial and United States customary systems of measurement derive from earlier English systems. ...
The International System of Units (symbol: SI) (for the French phrase Syst me International dUnit s) is the most widely used system of units. ...
Look up si, Si, SI in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Conversion of units refers to conversion factors between different units of measurement for the same quantity. ...
Approximate conversion of units often needs to be done without calculator or computer. ...
The Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States was a report submitted to the U.S. House of Representatives on July 13, 1790 by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. ...
Metrication or metrification refers to the introduction of the SI metric system as the international standard for physical measurements—a long-term series of independent and systematic conversions from the various separate local systems of weights and measures. ...
This label, on a bottle of Head & Shoulders shampoo, illustrates the conflicted state of U.S. metrication in the early 21st century. ...
A system of measurement is a set of units which can be used to specify anything which can be measured and were historically important, regulated and defined because of trade and internal commerce. ...
The International System of Units (symbol: SI) (for the French phrase Syst me International dUnit s) is the most widely used system of units. ...
“SI†redirects here. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The metre-tonne-second or mts system of units is a system of physical units introduced in the Soviet Union in 1933, but abolished in 1955. ...
The unit kilogram-force (kgf, often just kg) or kilopond (kp) is defined as the force exerted by one kilogram of mass in standard Earth gravity. ...
In physics, natural units are physical units of measurement defined in terms of universal physical constants in such a manner that some chosen physical constants take on the numerical value of one when expressed in terms of a particular set of natural units. ...
In physics, especially in the general theory of relativity, geometrized units or geometric units constitute a physical unit system in which all physical quantities are identified with geometric quantities such as areas, lengths, dimensionless numbers, path curvatures, or sectional curvatures. ...
In physics, Planck units are physical units of measurement defined exclusively in terms of the five universal physical constants shown in the table below in such a manner that all of these physical constants take on the numerical value of one when expressed in terms of these units. ...
In physics, natural units are physical units of measurement defined in terms of universal physical constants in such a manner that some chosen physical constants take on the numerical value of one when expressed in terms of a particular set of natural units. ...
In physics, natural units are physical units of measurement defined in terms of universal physical constants in such a manner that some chosen physical constants take on the numerical value of one when expressed in terms of a particular set of natural units. ...
Atomic units (au) form a system of units convenient for electromagnetism, atomic physics, and quantum electrodynamics, especially when the focus is on the properties of electrons. ...
In physics, natural units are physical units of measurement defined in terms of universal physical constants in such a manner that some chosen physical constants take on the numerical value of one when expressed in terms of a particular set of natural units. ...
In physics, natural units are physical units of measurement defined in terms of universal physical constants in such a manner that some chosen physical constants take on the numerical value of one when expressed in terms of a particular set of natural units. ...
The avoirdupois (IPA: ; French IPA: ) system is a system of weights (or, properly, mass) based on a pound of sixteen ounces. ...
Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals, black powder, and gemstones. ...
The apothecaries system of mass is an obsolete system formerly used by apothecaries (now called pharmacists or chemists) in English-speaking countries. ...
English unit is the American name for a unit in one of a number of systems of units of measurement, some obsolete, and some still in use. ...
The Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of English units, first defined in the Weights and Measures Act of 1824, later refined (until 1959) and reduced. ...
Canadian units of measurement are traditional weights and measures used in Canada. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The Dutch system was not standardised until Napoleon introduced the metric system. ...
In Finland, approximate units of measure were derived from natural actions or objects such body parts, later standardised for the purpose of commerce. ...
In France, before the decimalised metric system of 1799, a well-defined old system existed, however with some local variants. ...
Germany had an indigenous system of German units of measurement prior to its adoption of the international metric system. ...
In modern usage, metric is used almost exclusively in commercial transactions. ...
As in the case of the Danes the Norwegians earliest standards of measure can be derived from their ship burials. ...
Several native system of weights and measures were used in Scotland. ...
There are a number of Spanish and Portuguese units of measurement of length or area that are now obsolete. ...
In Sweden, a common system for weights and measures was introduced by law in 1665. ...
Ancient Polish weights and measures included: Garniec [1] Grzywna [2] and [3] KamieÅ„ [4] Korzec [5] Krok [6] Kwarta [7] Kwartnik [8] Åan [9] Åaszt [10] Åawka [11] Åokieć [12] Åut [13] Morga [14] Pacierz [15] PiÄ™dź [16] Skojec [17] Staje [18] Stopa [19] Wiardunek [20] ZdrowaÅ›ka [21...
The measures of the old Romanian system varied greatly not only between the three Romanian states (Wallachia, Moldavia, Transylvania), but sometimes also inside the same country. ...
Obsolete Russian weights and measures were used in Imperial Russia and after the Russian Revolution until they were replaced in the Soviet Union by a metric system in 1924. ...
Obsolete Tatar weights and measures were used by Tatars until 1924, when they were replaced in the Soviet Union by the SI units. ...
Old Indian measures are still in use today, primarily for religious purposes in Hinduism and Jainism. ...
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The Chinese units (Chinese: 市制; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally market system) are the customary and traditional units of measure used in China. ...
Shakkan-hÅ ) is the traditional Japanese system of measurement. ...
Taiwanese units of measurement (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Minnan: Tâichoè) are the customary and traditional units of measure used in Taiwan. ...
Ancient Greek weights and measures - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
The Roman system of measurement was built on the Greek system with Egyptian influences. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Weight Reduced to English troy-weight, the Hebrew weights were: Gerah (Lev. ...
The Arabic system of measurement is based on the Persian system. ...
Originally Ancient Mesopotamian weights and measures came from a collection of city states loosely organized by family, tribe and occupation. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Unusual units of measurement are sometimes used by scientists, especially physicists and mathematicians, and other technically-minded people such as engineers and programmers, as bits of dry humor combined with putative practical convenience. ...
Mesures usuelles (French for customary measurements) were a system of measurement introduced to act as compromise between metric system and traditional measurements. ...
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