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Please see the discussion on the talk page. | A United States federal judge is a judge appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate in accordance with Article III of the United States Constitution. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ...
A judge or justice is an official who presides over a court. ...
The presidential seal was used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ...
Seal of the U.S. Senate The United States Senate is one of the two chambers of the Congress of the United States, the other being the House of Representatives. ...
Article Three of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal (national) government. ...
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. ...
While judges of some courts with special jurisdictions, including bankruptcy judges, are also sometimes referred to as "federal judges", they are not judges in the sense in which the term is used in Article III. The distinction is sometimes expressed by saying that they are not "Article III judges," because the power of these other kinds of federal judges does not derive from Article III of the U.S. Constitution. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Except for the United States Supreme Court, whose existence and some aspects of whose jurisdiction are beyond the Constitutional power of Congress to alter, acts of Congress have established 13 courts of appeals (also called "circuit courts") with appellate jurisdiction over different regions of the United States, and 94 United States district courts. Every judge presiding over such a court falls within the category of federal judges, from the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court to the judges of the United States district courts. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States...
The United States Courts of Appeals (or circuit courts) are the mid-level appellate courts of the United States federal court system. ...
The appellate jurisdiction refers to matters which a court can hear after being ruled on by another court. ...
Map of the boundaries of the United States Courts of Appeals and United States District Courts The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system. ...
The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the Supreme Court of the United States. ...
Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States. ...
Map of the boundaries of the United States Courts of Appeals and United States District Courts The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system. ...
Tenure and salary
"Article III federal judges" (as opposed to judges of some courts with special jurisdictions) serve "during good behavior". They cannot be removed from office except by impeachment by the House of Representatives followed by conviction by the Senate. Often this is expressed by saying they are appointed "for life". They hold their seats until they resign, die, or are impeached and convicted. The impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton in 1999, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist presiding. ...
Since the impeachment process requires a trial by the United States Senate, and since the Constitutional provision concerning federal judges' tenure cannot be changed without the ratifications of three-fourths of the (now 50) states, federal judges have the best job security available in the United States. Moreover, the Constitution forbids Congress to diminish a federal judge's salary. 20th-century experience suggests that Congress is not willing to take time out of its busy schedule to impeach a federal judge until, after criminal conviction, the judge is in prison and still drawing his judge's salary, which cannot otherwise be taken away. Seal of the U.S. Senate The United States Senate is one of the two chambers of the Congress of the United States, the other being the House of Representatives. ...
As of 2001, federal trial judges were paid $145,100 a year, appellate judges $153,900, associate Supreme Court justices $178,300 and the chief justice $186,300. All were permitted to earn an additional $21,000 a year for teaching. [1]
The judges of the courts mentioned above with special jurisdictions—"non-Article III judges"— are appointed for specified terms by the administrative bodies of the federal judiciary.
See also The appointment of federal judges has become viewed as a political process in the last several decades. ...
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