Republik Indonesia

Flag Coat of Arms
Motto: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Old Javanese/Kawi: Unity in Diversity) National ideology: Pancasila
Anthem: Indonesia Raya
Capital	Jakarta 6°08′ S 106°45′ E
Largest city	Jakarta
Official language(s)	Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia, a standardized dialect of the Malay language)
Government President	Republic Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Independence - Declared - Recognised	From Netherlands 17 August 1945 27 December 1949
Area  • Total  • Water (%)	1,919,440 km² (15th) 4.85%
Population  • 2005 est.  • 2000 census  • Density	241,973,879 (4th) 206,264,595 126/km² (61)
GDP (PPP)  • Total  • Per capita	2004 estimate $827.4 billion (15th) $3,500 (109th)
HDI (2003)	0.697 (110th) – medium
Currency	Rupiah (IDR)
Time zone  • Summer (DST)	various (UTC+7 to +9) not observed (UTC+7 to +9)
Internet TLD	.id
Calling code	+62

The Republic of Indonesia is located in the Malay Archipelago, the world's largest archipelago, between Indochina and Australia, between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the most populous Muslim-majority nation in the world and the fourth most populous overall. It has had free elections since the 1998 Revolution which led to the resignation of President Suharto, who came to power in 1965. Image File history File links Flag_of_Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Indo-coa. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The national flag of Indonesia is a simple two colors flag with two equal horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom). ... The Indonesian Coat of Arms The Coat of Arms of Indonesia is called Garuda Pancasila. ... This page lists state and national mottos for the worlds independent states and their subdivisions. ... The motto of Indonesia is Bhinneka Tunggal Ika which is Old Javanese and is often loosely translated as Unity in Diversity but literally it means (Although) in pieces, yet One. This is a quotation from an Old Javanese poem written in Indian metres, the so called kakawin or kawya. ... The Javanese language is the inferred language of the people in the central and eastern part of the island of Java, in Indonesia. ... Kawi is a language from the islands of Java, Bali and Lombok. ... An ideology is a collection of ideas. ... Symbol of Indonesias Pancasila Pancasila, pronounced Panchaseela, is the philosophical basis of the Indonesian state. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their states official national song. ... Indonesia Raya is the national anthem of Indonesia. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Motto: Jaya Raya (Indonesian): Prosper and Great Founded 22 June 1527 Governor Sutiyoso Area 661. ... Indonesias 225 million people make it the worlds fourth-most populous nation. ... Motto: Jaya Raya (Indonesian): Prosper and Great Founded 22 June 1527 Governor Sutiyoso Area 661. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in a country, state, or other territory. ... A standard language (also standard dialect or standardized dialect) is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... List of Presidents of Indonesia Categories: Indonesia | Lists of office-holders ... It has been suggested that The republican form of government be merged into this article or section. ... Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born September 9, 1949), Indonesian retired military general and stateman, is the sixth President of Indonesia, and the first to be elected directly by voters. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km². ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population, estimated for the year 2005. ... List of countries/dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The figures in the following table are based on areas including inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... These are two lists of countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ... This is a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita for the year of 2004, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, divided by the average population for... World map indicating HDI of UN member states, 2003. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of countries by Human Development Index, as included in the United Nations Development Programme Report 2005. ... The 1998-2001 series of rupiah banknotes Rupiah (Rp) is the monetary unit of Indonesia (currency code IDR). ... ISO 4217 is an international standard describing three letter codes to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... Time zones are areas of the Earth that have adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Daylight saving time (also called DST) is the North American term for a system intended to save daylight (the British observe summer time, and likewise the Europeans). ... Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time or Z, is an atomic realization of Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time or Z, is an atomic realization of Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... The following is a list of currently existing Internet Top-level domains (TLDs). ... .id is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Indonesia. ... // At a glance In depth Zone 1 – North American Numbering Plan Area nanpa. ... The Malay Archipelago refers to the vast group of islands located between mainland Southeast Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ... An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ... Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a large peninsula in Southeast Asia. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) (sometimes also spelled Moslem) is an adherent of Islam. ... This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population, estimated for the year 2005. ... In 1998, following over thirty years of military dictatorship under General Suharto, the 1998 Indonesian Revolution led to the introduction of democracy. ... General Haji Mohammad Soeharto (commonly spelled Suharto in the English-speaking world) (born June 8, 1921) was an Indonesian leader and military strongman. ...

History

Main articles: History of Indonesia, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{{5}}}]]

Banda Aceh's Grand Mosque was built around 12th century.

Under the influences of Hinduism and Buddhism, several kingdoms formed on the islands of Sumatra and Java from the 7th to 14th century. The arrival of Arabs trading in spices later brought Islam, which became the dominant religion in many parts of the archipelago after the collapse of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms. The nation-state known in modern times as Indonesia encompasses an archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited) stretching along the Equator. ... Banda Acehs Grand Mosque was built around 12th century. ... Banda Acehs Grand Mosque was built around 12th century. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... A replica of an ancient statue of Gautama Buddha, found from Sarnath, near Varanasi Buddhism, a religion and philosophy from ancient India, is based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, of the Shakyas. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatara and Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest part of Indonesia. ... Map of Java Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... // Overview Events The Roman-Persian Wars end. ... -1... Islam (Arabic: ; ( ▶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ...

When the Portuguese came in the early 16th century, they found a multitude of small states. These states were vulnerable to the Portuguese, and later other Europeans, who were in pursuit of dominating the spice trade. In the 17th century, the Dutch emerged as the most powerful of the Europeans, ousting the Spanish and Portuguese (except for their colony of Portuguese Timor on the island of Timor). The Dutch influence started with trading by the Dutch East India Company (VOC), a chartered private enterprise constituting a state in all but name, complete with its own fleet and army, which gradually expanded its sphere of influence and its grip on political matters. Like the British, the Dutch would mainly rely on indirect rule, using traditional native elites as vassals, while imposing their will and extracting major income under supervision of their colonial officials. Following the dissolution of the VOC in 1799 by the Batavian Republic (Napaoleon's Dutch satellite state), and the political instability from the Napoleonic Wars including partial British occupation, the East Indies were awarded to the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815. From this time onward, the East Indies were officially ruled as the major colonies of the Dutch crown. Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ... Spices at the central market of Agadir, Morocco in May 2005 The spice trade has been of major economic importance throughout human history and it particularly helped spur the Age of Exploration. ... Portuguese Timor is the former name (1596 - 1975) of East Timor when it was under Portuguese control. ... Map of Timor Timor Island from space, November 1989 (North is to the bottom of the image). ... Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. ... From 1795 to 1806, the Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek in Dutch) designated the Netherlands as a republic modelled after the French Republic, to which it was a vassal state. ... The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars fought during Napoleon Bonapartes rule over France. ... United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815 - 1830) (1839) (Dutch: Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, French: Royaume-Uni des Pays-Bas and German: Vereinigte Königreich der Niederlande) were the unofficial names used to refer to a new unified European state created during the Congress of Vienna in 1815. ...

Under the nineteenth-century Cultivation System (Cultuurstelsel), large plantations and forced cultivation were established on Java, finally creating the profit for the Netherlands that the VOC had been unable to produce. In a more liberal period of colonial rule after 1870 the Cultivation System was abolished, and after 1901 the Dutch introduced the Ethical Policy, which included limited political reform and increased investment in the colony.

During World War II, with the Netherlands under German occupation, in December 1941 Japan began a five prong campaign towards Java and the vital fuel supplies of the Dutch East Indies. Though Japan captured Java by March 1942, it was initially unable to find any national leader willing to collaborate with the Japanese government against the Dutch. Eventually the Japanese commander ordered that Sukarno be released from his prison island, and in July 1942, Sukarno arrived in Jakarta. Sukarno and his colleagues collaborated with the Japanese occupiers. In 1945, with the war drawing to a close, Sukarno was made aware of an opportunity to declare independence. In response to lobbying, Japan agreed to allow Sukarno to establish a committee to plan for independence. Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared independence on 17 August. Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as the largest and deadliest... Belligerent military occupation, occurs when one nations military garrisons occupy all or part of the territory of another nation or recognized belligerent during an invasion (during or after a war). ... Sukarno Sukarno (June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. ... Mohammad Hatta Mohammad Hatta (born August 12, 1902, Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia); died March 14, 1980, Jakarta) was Indonesias first vice president, after being the countrys Prime Minister. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Following the defeat of Japan in the World War, the Netherlands' Army, at first backed by the Allies, attempted to reoccupy their former East Indies colonies. Indonesia's war for independence lasted from 1945 until 27 December 1949, when, under heavy international pressure, the Netherlands acknowledged Indonesia's independence. Sukarno became the country's first president, with Mohammad Hatta as the first vice president. See Indonesian National Revolution. It was not until 16 August 2005 that the Dutch government recognised 1945 as the country's year of independence and expressed its regrets over the Indonesian deaths caused by the Netherlands' Army. The Royal Netherlands Army (Koninklijke Landmacht) is the land forces element of the Military of the Netherlands. ... When spelt with a capital A, Allies usually denotes the countries that fought together against the Central Powers in World War I and against the Axis Powers in World War II. For more information, see the related articles: Allies of World War I and Allies of World War II. Other... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ... The Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence is the name of the four-year conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands leading to Indonesia achieving its independence in 1949. ... August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Royal Netherlands Army (Koninklijke Landmacht) is the land forces element of the Military of the Netherlands. ...

The 1950s and 1960s saw Sukarno's government aligning itself first with the emerging non-aligned movement and later with the socialist bloc. The 1960s saw Indonesia in a military confrontation against neighboring Malaysia, and increasing frustration over domestic economic difficulties. Army general Suharto became president in 1967 on the pretext of securing the country against an alleged Communist coup attempt against a weakening Sukarno. In the aftermath of Suharto's rise, hundreds of thousands people were killed or imprisoned by the military in a backlash against alleged Communist supporters. Suharto's administration is commonly called the New Order era. Suharto invited major foreign investment into the country, which produced substantial, if uneven, economic growth. However, Suharto enriched himself and his family through widespread corruption and he was forced to step down amid massive popular demonstrations and a faltering economy by the Indonesian Revolution of 1998. The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM, is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation was an intermittent war over the future of the island of Borneo, between British-backed Malaysia and Indonesia in 1962-1966. ... General Haji Mohammad Soeharto (commonly spelled Suharto in the English-speaking world) (born June 8, 1921) was an Indonesian leader and military strongman. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Sukarno Sukarno (June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. ... New Order or Orde Baru is the term coined by Indonesian former president and dictator Suharto to refer to the years of his regime, 1966 - 1998. ... Investment or investing is a term with several closely-related meanings in finance and economics. ... The Indonesian 1998 Revolution is the term given to a series of protests and political manoeuverings that brought about the end of the rule of the three-decade long New Order government of the autocratic President Suharto of Indonesia. ...

In the period of 1998 to 2001, the country had three presidents: Bacharuddin Jusuf (BJ) Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri. In 2004 the largest one-day election in the world and Indonesia's first direct Presidential election was held and was won by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Parts of northern Sumatra, particularly Aceh, were devastated by a massive earthquake and tsunami on 26 December 2004. List of Presidents of Indonesia Categories: Indonesia | Lists of office-holders ... Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (born June 25, 1936), more commonly known simply as Rudy Habibie or B J Habibie, was the third President of Indonesia, holding office from 1998 to 1999. ... Abdurrahman Wahid Abdurrahman Wahid (also known as Gus Dur) (born August 4, 1940) was President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001, and leader of the National Awakening Party, which he founded after the fall of Suharto. ... Megawati Sukarnoputri Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (born 23 January 1947), was President of Indonesia from July 2001 to 20 October 2004. ... Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born September 9, 1949), Indonesian retired military general and stateman, is the sixth President of Indonesia, and the first to be elected directly by voters. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatara and Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest part of Indonesia. ... Aceh, located in the northern tip of Sumatra, is considered one of Indonesias three most troubled areas along with East Timor and Irian Jaya. ... The December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami hits Thailand The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, was an undersea earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC (07:58:53 local time) on December 26, 2004. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Politics

Main articles: Politics of Indonesia, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{{5}}}]]

The highest legislative body is the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR, head: Hidayat Nur Wahid) or 'People's Consultative Assembly', consisting of the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR, head: Agung Laksono) or People's Representative Council, elected for a five-year term, and the Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD, head: Ginandjar Kartasasmita) or Regional Representatives Council. Following elections in 2004, the MPR became a bicameral parliament, with the creation of the DPD as its second chamber. Indonesia is a republic based on the 1945 constitution providing for a limited separation of executive, legislative, and judicial power. ... Hidayat Nur Wahid (born in Klaten, Central Java on 8 April 1960) was elected as the leader of Indonesias Constitutional Assembly (MPR) on 6 October 2004. ... Image:Agunglaksono. ... The Peoples Representative Council is the lower house of the legislature of Indonesia. ... Prof. ... Indonesia has moved towards bicameralism by establishing the Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, most commonly called the DPD in the Indonesian media. ... In government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. ... An aerial view of Parliament of India at New Delhi. ...

Provinces

Main articles: Provinces of Indonesia, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{{5}}}]]

Map of the provinces of Indonesia

Currently, Indonesia has 33 provinces (of those, 2 are special territories and 1 capital city territory). The provinces are subdivided into regencies and cities, which are in turn split up in sub-districts. The provinces are: Map of the provinces of Indonesia The number of provinces of Indonesia has tended to increase as new provinces have been split from existing territories. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x590, 76 KB) Summary Map of the provinces of Indonesia in English. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x590, 76 KB) Summary Map of the provinces of Indonesia in English. ... This article is about political regions. ... Regency is a divison system in Indonesian government. ... A city is an urban area, differentiated from a town, village, or hamlet by size, population density, importance, or legal status. ... A sub-district (kecamatan) is a subdivision of a regency (kabupaten) or city (kota) in Indonesia. ...

Bali, Bangka-Belitung, Banten, Bengkulu, Central Java, Central Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, East Java, East Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara, South Sumatra, Gorontalo, Jambi, Lampung, Maluku, North Maluku, North Sulawesi, North Sumatra, Papua (Irian Jaya), Riau, Riau Kepulauan, South East Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, West Irian Jaya, West Java, West Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, West Sulawesi, West Sumatra Topography Map showing Bali within Indonesia Sunset at Jimbaran Beach, Bali Young Balinese Dancers Rice terraces at entrance to Gunung Kawi Temple The Bali Starling lives only in Bali, as few as six may exist on the island Statue of Dewi Sri — Ubud, Bali Bali is an Indonesian island. ... Map showing Bangka-Belitung province in Indonesia Bangka-Belitung is one of the provinces of Indonesia. ... Map showing Banten within Indonesia Banten is one of the provinces of Indonesia and located at the western end of the island of Java. ... Map showing Bengkulu province in Indonesia Bengkulu is one of the provinces of Indonesia. ... Map of Central Java province within Indonesia Central Java (Indonesian: Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Map of Central Sulawesi province within Indonesia Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah) is one of Indonesias provinces located in the heart of Sulawesi Island. ... Map showing East Java within Indonesia East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur) is one of Indonesias 32 provinces. ... Map of Indonesia showing East Kalimantan province Kalimantan Timur, or East Kalimantan, is one of the provinces of Indonesia. ... Map showing East Nusa Tenggara province in Indonesia East Nusa Tenggara (Indonesian: Nusa Tenggara Timur) a province of Indonesia, located in the eastern portion Lesser Sunda Islands, including West Timor. ... Map of South Sumatra province in Indonesia South Sumatra or Sumatera Selatan is one of the provinces of Indonesia. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Map showing Jambi province in Indonesia Map of Jambi Jambi is a province of Indonesia located on the east coast of central Sumatra, which contains a city also named Jambi, located at 1°35′S 103°37′E. The population of the province is 2,400,940 (2000 census). ... Map showing Lampung province in Indonesia Lampung is a province of Indonesia, located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra. ... Map of Maluku province in Indonesia Maluku is a province of Indonesia, comprising, broadly, the southern part of the Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccas, Molucca Islands or Moluccan Islands). ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Map showing North Sulawesi province in Indonesia North Sulawesi or Sulawesi Utara is one of the provinces of Indonesia. ... Map of North Sumatra province within Indonesia North Sumatra (Indonesian: Sumatera Utara) is one of the provinces of Indonesia. ... Map showing Papua province in Indonesia Papua is a province of Indonesia comprising part of the western half of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands (see also Western New Guinea). ... Map of Indonesia showing Riau province Detailed map of Riau Riau is a province of Indonesia, located in the center of Sumatra island along the Strait of Malacca. ... The Riau Islands (Kepulauan Riau (Kepri for short) or sometimes Riau Kepulauan in Bahasa Indonesia) are a province and a group of islands in Indonesia, located south of Singapore, off the eastern coast of Riau province on Sumatra island. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Map showing South Sulawesi province within Indonesia South Sulawesi (Indonesian: Sulawesi Selatan) is a province of Indonesia, located on Sulawesi island. ... Map showing West Irian Jaya province in Indonesia West Irian Jaya (Indonesian: Irian Jaya Barat) is a province of Indonesia on the western end of the island of New Guinea. ... Map showing West Java in Indonesia West Java (Jawa Barat) is a province of Indonesia, located on the island of Java. ... Map of Indonesia showing West Kalimantan province West Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan Barat) is one of the provinces of Indonesia. ... Map showing West Nusa Tenggara province in Indonesia West Nusa Tenggara (Indonesian: Nusa Tenggara Barat) is a province in south-central Indonesia. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Provinces of Indonesia ... Motto: Tuah Sakato. ...

The special territories (daerah istimewa) are Aceh (or Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam) and Yogyakarta. Special territories have more autonomy from the central government than other territories, and as a result they have unique legislative privileges: the Acehnese government has the right to create an independent legal system and instituted a form of sharia (Islamic Law) in 2003; Yogyakarta remains a sultanate whose sultan (currently the wildly popular Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X) is the territory's de facto governor for life. Aceh, located in the northern tip of Sumatra, is considered one of Indonesias three most troubled areas along with East Timor and Irian Jaya. ... Yogyakarta, Indonesia Yogyakarta (also Jogjakarta or Jogja) is a city and province on the island of Java, Indonesia. ...

The capital city territory is Jakarta. Though Jakarta is a single city, it is administered much as any other Indonesian province. For example, Jakarta has a governor (instead of a mayor), and is divided into several sub-regions with their own administrative systems. Motto: Jaya Raya (Indonesian): Prosper and Great Founded 22 June 1527 Governor Sutiyoso Area 661. ...

East Timor was a province of Indonesia from its annexation in 1976 until Indonesia relinquished sovereignty in 1999. Following a period of transitional administration by the UN, it became an independent state in 2002. The UN Transitional Administration in East Timor provided an interim civil administration and a peacekeeping mission in the territory of East Timor. ...

Geography

Map of Indonesia

Main articles: Geography of Indonesia, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{{5}}}]]

Indonesia's 18,108 islands, of which about 6,000 are inhabited, are scattered around the equator, giving the country a tropical climate. The largest populated islands are Java, one of the most densely populated regions on Earth, where about half of the population lives, Sumatra, Borneo (shared with Malaysia and Brunei), New Guinea (shared with Papua New Guinea) and Sulawesi. The country borders Malaysia on the island of Borneo (Indonesian: Kalimantan), Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea and East Timor on the island of Timor. In addition to the capital city of Jakarta, principal Indonesian cities of high population include Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Palembang, and Semarang. map of Indonesia, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: History of the Netherlands Indonesia Islands of Indonesia Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... map of Indonesia, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: History of the Netherlands Indonesia Islands of Indonesia Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... Location: Southeastern Asia, in the Malay Archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean Geographic coordinates: 5°00′ S 120°00′ E Area: total: 1,919,440 km² land: 1,826,440 km² water: 93,000 km² Land boundaries: total: 2,830 km border countries: Malaysia 1,782 km... The equator is an imaginary circle drawn around a planet (or other astronomical object) at a distance halfway between the poles. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... Sulawesi (formerly Celebes) is a large island in Indonesia. ... Borneo and Sulawesi Borneo (politically divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei) is the third largest island in the world. ... Kalimantan is the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. ... Map of Timor Timor Island from space, November 1989 (North is to the bottom of the image). ... Surabaya (formerly Soerabaja) is Indonesias second-largest city, and the capital of the province of East Java. ... A view of Bandung from the northern highlands Bandung (formerly spelled: Bandoeng) is the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia. ... Location of Medan in Indonesia. ... Palembang is a city in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... Semarang is a city on the north coast of the island of Java, Indonesia. ...

Its location on the edges of tectonic plates, specifically the Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian, means Indonesia is frequently hit by earthquakes and the resulting tsunamis. Indonesia is also rich in volcanoes, the most famous being the now vanished Krakatau (Krakatoa), which was located between Sumatra and Java. The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998 An earthquake is a sudden and sometimes catastrophic movement of a part of the Earths surface. ... The tsunami that struck Malé in the Maldives on December 26, 2004. ... Eruption redirects here. ... Krakatoa (Indonesian name: Krakatau) is a volcano near the Indonesian island of Rakata in the Sunda Strait. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatara and Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest part of Indonesia. ... Map of Java Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ...

Flora and fauna differ markedly between Kalimantan, Bali, and western islands on the one hand and Sulawesi, Lombok, and islands further to the east on the other hand. This ecological boundary has been called the Wallace line after its discoverer. The line is often given as the boundary between Asia and Australasia, as such making Indonesia a bicontinental country. Wallaces hypothetical line between Australasian and Southeast Asian fauna. ... This article or section should be merged with Transcontinental nations. ...

See also: Map of Asia World map showing Asia. ...

Economy

Main articles: Economy of Indonesia, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{{5}}}]]

Indonesia's economy suffered greatly in the late 1990s, in part as a result of the financial crisis that struck most of Asia at the time. The economy has stabilized somewhat since then. Indonesia has a market-based economy in which the government plays a significant role. ... The Asian financial crisis was a financial crisis that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. ...

The country has extensive natural resources outside of Java, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Indonesia is the world's second largest exporter of natural gas, though it has recently become a net importer of crude oil. Major agricultural products include rice, tea, coffee, spices and rubber. The central bank of Indonesia is Bank Indonesia [1]. Nodding donkey pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and oleum – oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ... Natural gas (commonly referred to as gas in many countries, but note that gas is also an American and Canadian shortening of gasoline) is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 118. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic brown Atomic mass 63. ... It has been suggested that Gold Bar be merged into this article or section. ... Species Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Rice refers to two species (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) of grass, native to tropical and subtropical southeastern Asia and to Africa. ... Tea leaves in a teacup. ... A cup of black coffee. ... Screen shot of Spice OPUS, a fork of Berkeley SPICE SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis) is a general purpose analog circuit simulator. ... Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of a number of plants but can also be produced synthetically. ...

Indonesia's major trading partners are Japan, the United States and the surrounding nations of Singapore, Malaysia and Australia.

Despite being the only Asian member of OPEC, Indonesia's fuel production has declined significantly over the years, owing to aging oil fields and lack of investment in new equipment. As a result, despite being an exporter of crude oil, Indonesia is now a net importer of oil and had previously subsidized fuel prices to keep prices low, costing US$ 7 billion in 2004 [2]. The current president has mandated a significant reduction of government subsidy of fuel prices in several stages [3]. In order to alleviate economic hardships, the government has offered one-time subsidies to qualified citizens. The economy is now undergoing a process of rebuilding after the tsunami that struck in December of 2004. The government has stated the cuts in subsidies are aimed at reducing the budget deficit to 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) this year, down from around 1.6% last year. Logo The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is made up of Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela; since 1965, its international headquarters have been in Vienna, Austria. ...

Demographics

Main articles: Demographics of Indonesia, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{{5}}}]]

Indonesia's population can be roughly divided into two groups. The west of the country is Asian and the people are mostly Malay, while the east is more Pacific and people on New Guinea are Papuan, with roots in the islands of Melanesia. There are, however, many more subdivisions, which is logical given the fact that Indonesia spans an area the size of Europe or the USA and that it consists of many islands that to a large degree had their own separate development. Many Indonesians identify with a more specific ethnic group that is often linked to language and regional origins; examples of these are Javanese, Sundanese, or Batak. But there are also quite different groups within many islands, such as Borneo, with its Dayak and Punan, who have different lifestyles and skintones. Indonesias 225 million people make it the worlds fourth-most populous nation. ... Malays (Dutch, Malayo, ultimately from Malay: Melayu) are a diverse group of people living in the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in South East Asia. ... Melanesia (from Greek black islands) is a region extending from the western side of East Pacific to the Arafura Sea, north and north-east of Australia. ... The approximately 90 million Javanese form the largest ethnic group in Indonesia. ... The Sundanese are an ethnic group in the western part of the island of Java in Indonesia. ... Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of ethnic groups found in the highlands of North Sumatra Indonesia. ... Borneo and Sulawesi Borneo (politically divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei) is the third largest island in the world. ... The Dayak (also Dyak) are indigenous occupants of Borneo. ... PUNAN Punan, also known as Punan Bah is a distinct ethnic from the Penan. ...

Most Indonesians speak a local language (bahasa daerah) as their first tongue, but the official national language, Indonesian (locally called Bahasa Indonesia or simply Bahasa, meaning language) is almost universally taught in schools and is spoken by nearly every Indonesian. Originally a lingua franca for most of the region, including present-day Malaysia (and thus closely related to Malay), it was accepted by the Dutch as the de facto language for the colony and declared the official language after independence. The formerly large, influential Eurasian community (locally known as Indos) has largely left the country for the Netherlands, California and Australia, although a few still remain in Indonesia and are highly esteemed models and soap opera stars. Lingua franca, literally Frankish language in Italian, was originally a mixed language consisting largely of Italian plus a vocabulary drawn from Turkish, Persian, French, Greek and Arabic and used for communication throughout the Middle East. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... The term Eurasian refers to the cultural ties and linkages between those in a wider view of the Eurasian continent, centering on the Silk Road, and Central Asia. ...

There are also serious ethnic tensions in Indonesia, predominately between Indonesians of Chinese ethnicity and the Pribumi peoples, who are considered as natives of Indonesia (the implication, of course, being that "non-Primubi" people are not always considered to be entirely Indonesian). The riots in Jakarta in 1997 and 1998 highlight this recurring tension. Ethnic relations are strained mostly due to a perception that the Chinese community is too rich relative to the Pribumis, and that this is unfair. That the Chinese community is on average wealthier than the Pribumis is indisputable, and positions of power and influence in the business sphere are indeed held by a relatively small number of very wealthy ethnic Chinese Indonesians. However, much of the community occupies the same kinds of roles as shopkeepers and creditors that they occupied under Dutch rule (when Chinese people were treated as second-class citizens, as opposed to the third-class citizens — the Pribumi peasants and laborers — and used as middlemen [see Indonesian Chinese#Pre-independence History]), and it would not be unreasonable to surmise that some of the resentment is against the proprietors of these businesses, too. It is pertinent to note that it was precisely these types of shops, and the families living and working in storefront dwellings, who were the target of much of the mobs' wrath. The Indonesian government is attempting to remedy problems which helped trigger the rioting, but due to widespread corruption and discontent experienced by the poorer citizens of Indonesia, ethnic harmony is slow in coming. Corruption, collusion, and nepotism which characterized Suharto's presidency clearly define the origins of Indonesia’s ethnic tensions today. It has been suggested that The Indonesian Ethnic Chinese and the view of nationhood be merged into this article or section. ... Jakarta Riots of May 1998 were riots that occurred in several parts of Indonesia, notably Jakarta during May 1998. ... It has been suggested that The Indonesian Ethnic Chinese and the view of nationhood be merged into this article or section. ...

Islam is Indonesia's main religion, with almost 88% of all Indonesians declared as Muslim according to the 2000 religious census, making Indonesia the most populous Muslim-majority nation in the world. Prior to the arrival of the Abrahamic faiths of Christianity and Islam in the Malay Archipelago, the popular beliefs in region had been thoroughly influenced by Indic religious philosophy through Hinduism and Buddhism. After independence syncretism and intermarriage has decreased somewhat and religious divides sharpened, leading to communal violence in many of the eastern islands as well as in Java. Although Islam was once mainly practiced in Java and parts of Sumatra, the transmigration program has increased the number of Muslims living in Bali, Borneo, the Celebes, the Moluccas, and Papua. The remaining population is 8% Christian (of which roughly three quarters are Protestant, with the remainder mainly Catholic, and a substantial charismatic minority), 3% Hindu and 1% Buddhist with small communities of Jews. Although only about 3% of Indonesian population is officially Hindu, Indonesian beliefs are too complex to classify as belonging to a single world religion. In Java in particular, a substantial number of Muslims follow a non-orthodox, Hindu-influenced form of Islam known as Abangan, while across the archipelago the Hindu legacy, along with the older mystic traditions, influences popular beliefs. Indonesians are required to declare themselves as one of these official religions. As a result, many Indonesian "Muslims" are non-practicing, follow Indonesia's animist traditions (a fact that the government strenuously denies), or are entirely secular. Banda Acehs Grand Mosque in Aceh, Indonesia was built around 12th century. ... An Abrahamic religion (also referred to as desert monotheism) is any religion derived from an ancient Semitic tradition attributed to Abraham, a great patriarch described in the Torah, the Bible and the Quran. ... The Malay Archipelago refers to the vast group of islands located between mainland Southeast Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. ... Syncretism is the attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. ... Intermarriage normally refers to marriage to a person belonging to a different religion, tribe, nationality or ethnic background. ... Indonesias Transmigration program was an initiative to move landless people from densely populated areas of Indonesia to less populous areas of the archipelago. ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion that recognizes Jesus Christ as its central figure, Lord and Messiah. ... A Hindu (archaic Hindoo) is an adherent of philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, also known as Sanatan (सनातन) Dharma or Vedic Dharma. ... A replica of an ancient statue of Gautama Buddha, found from Sarnath, near Varanasi Buddhism, a religion and philosophy from ancient India, is based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, of the Shakyas. ... Map of Java Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... The Abangan form a large majorty of the Javanese Muslims. ...

Culture

Main articles: Culture of Indonesia, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{{5}}}]]

Art forms in Indonesia have been influenced by several cultures. The famous Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology. This article is about the culture of Indonesia. ... The Balinese population of 4 million, or 2. ... A Hindu (archaic Hindoo) is an adherent of philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, also known as Sanatan (सनातन) Dharma or Vedic Dharma. ...

Also well-known are the Javanese and Balinese wayang kulit shadow theatre shows, displaying several mythological events. Several islands are famous for their batik and ikat cloth. Wayang is the Indonesian term for puppet, and the term refers to any and all of the numerous varieties of puppetry found in the archipelago. ... A batik painting depicting two Indian women. ... Ikat weaving from the Island of Sumba, Indonesia Ikat is a style of weaving that uses a tie-dye process on either the warp or weft before the threads are woven to create a pattern or design. ...

Silat is a unique martial art originating from the archipelago. Pencak Silat or Silat (fighting by using techniques of self-defence) is an Asian martial art with roots in the culture of the Malay World. ...

See also

The nation-state known in modern times as Indonesia encompasses an archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited) stretching along the Equator. ... This is a list of cities in Indonesia, by major island or region: // Java and Bali Kalimantan Balikpapan Banjarmasin Pontianak Martapura Samarinda Maluku Ambon City Nusa Tenggara Mataram Kupang Papua Jayapura Sulawesi Gorontalo Makassar (Ujung Pandang) Manado Palu Parepare Sumatra Banda Aceh Bandar Lampung Bengkulu Jambi Lampung Medan Padang Pangkal... // Bali and Nusa Tenggara Bali Barat National Park Gunung Rinjani National Park Kelimutu National Park Komodo National Park Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park Laiwangi Wanggameti National Park Java Alas Purwo National Park Baluran National Park Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Gunung Ciremai National Park Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Gunung... Map of the provinces of Indonesia The number of provinces of Indonesia has tended to increase as new provinces have been split from existing territories. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Indonesia is a republic based on the 1945 constitution providing for a limited separation of executive, legislative, and judicial power. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. ... Politics of Indonesia Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Indonesia ... Telephones - main lines in use: 3. ... Indonesias 225 million people make it the worlds fourth-most populous nation. ... This article is about the culture of Indonesia. ... Indonesian cuisine reflects the vast variety of people that live on the 13,000 islands that make up Indonesia. ... Indonesia is culturally diverse and is home to hundreds of forms of music, with those from the islands of Java, Sumatra and Bali being the most frequently recorded. ... Public holidays in Indonesia Categories: | | ... // Majapahit Heroes Hayam Wuruk Gajah Mada Sabdapalon Jayabaya Indonesian Heroes Diponegoro Sultan Agung Tuanku Imam Bonjol Soekarno Mohammad Hatta Abdul Haris Nasution Sutan Sjahrir Kartini Entertainment Gesang, Keroncong Composer, song writer with his song Bengawan Solo Koes Plus, singer Anggun, singer, Indonesian Mark-Paul Gosselaar, actor from Saved by the...

Further reading

• Theodore Friend, Indonesian Destinies, Harvard University Press, 2003, hardcover, 544 pages, ISBN 0674011376
• Steven Drakeley: The history of Indonesia, Westport, Connecticut : Greenwood, 2005, 201 pages, ISBN 0-313-33114-6

External links

Official sites (owned and operated by the government of Indonesia and its agencies)

• Antara — National News Agency
• Bank Indonesia — Indonesian Central Bank
• Info-RI — National Information Portal (in Indonesian)
• List of Indonesian embassies and consulates worldwide (Department of Foreign Affairs)
• National Portal of Republic of Indonesia (in Indonesian)
• RRI — National Radio Network
• TVRI — National Television Network (in Indonesian)

Other sites (not owned nor operated by the government of Indonesia and its agencies)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Indonesia

• Travel guide to Indonesia from Wikitravel
• Business Indonesia
• Kompas - Indonesia's most widely circulated Newspaper (in Indonesian)
• INDOC Database on Indonesian Labour
• Indonesia House (in English and in Dutch)
• Inside Indonesia Journal
• News from Indonesia (in English and in Indonesian)

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ...

This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...