Presidential electoral votes by state.

The U.S. presidential election of 1900 was held on November 6, 1900. It was a rematch of the 1896 race between Republican President William McKinley and his Democratic challenger, William Jennings Bryan. The return of economic prosperity and recent victory in the Spanish-American War helped McKinley to score a decisive victory. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1182x635, 102 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): United States presidential election, 1900 ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1182x635, 102 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): United States presidential election, 1900 ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The Republican Party of the United States was established in 1854 and is one of the two dominant parties today. ... The presidential seal was used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1969 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... William McKinley (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. ... The History of the Democratic Party is an account of a continuously supported political party in the United States of America. ... William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, statesman, and politician. ... Combatants United States Republic of Cuba First Philippine Republic Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey Máximo Gómez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Casualties 379 U.S. dead; considerably higher although undetermined Cuban and Filipino casualties Unknown[1] The Spanish-American War took place...

Nominations

Republican campaign poster, 1900

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1139x816, 401 KB) Campaign Poster from United States presidential election, 1900 campaign of incumbant President William McKinley and substitute VP Theodore Roosevelt This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1139x816, 401 KB) Campaign Poster from United States presidential election, 1900 campaign of incumbant President William McKinley and substitute VP Theodore Roosevelt This image is in the public domain in the United States. ...

Republican Party nomination

The 926 Republican delegates to the Republican convention in Philadelphia renominated William McKinley by acclamation. New York state party leaders pressured McKinley to pick a reluctant Theodore Roosevelt, governor of New York as the Vice Presidential nominee, replacing Garret A. Hobart, who died in 1899. The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... Independence Hall, as it appears today. ... William McKinley (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. ... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3, 1844–November 21, 1899) was the twenty-fourth Vice President of the United States. ...

Democratic Party nomination

William Jennings Bryan was easily renominated at the 1900 Democratic National Convention in Kansas City, garnering 936 delegate votes. Former Vice President Adlai Stevenson was nominated for the office again, beating out David B. Hill, Abram W. Patrick, and Julian S. Carr for the nomination. William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, statesman, and politician. ... Nickname: City of Fountains or Heart of America Location in Jackson, Clay, Platte, and Cass Counties in the state of Missouri. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries â€¢ Politics Portal      The Vice President of the United States is the first in the presidential line of succession... Adlai Ewing Stevenson I (October 23, 1835 – June 14, 1914) was a Congressman from Illinois and the twenty-third Vice President of the United States. ... David Bennett Hill (August 29, 1843 - October 20, 1910) was a Governor of New York. ... Julian Shakespeare Carr (1845-1924), a North Carolina industrialist and philanthropist, and was instrumental in the founding of Duke University in Durham. ...

Other nominations

The Populist Party, which four years earlier had supported Bryan, this time went their own way, nominating a ticket of Wharton Barker and Ignatius Donnelly. Eugene Debs made his first bid for president in 1900 as the candidate of the Social Democratic Party. The Populist Party (also known as the Peoples Party) was a short-lived political party in the United States in the late 19th century. ... Wharton Barker (1846- ? ) was an American financier and publicist, born in Philadelphia, Pa. ... Ignatius Donnelly, American congressman, populist, and writer. ... May refer to the politcal leader Eugene_V._Debs May also be in reference to a a debutante ball, a formal party undertaken by the leaving members of second-level schools in Ireland, most often in the month of August or September. ... The Social Democratic Party (SDP) is a former political party operating in the United States. ...

General election

McKinley campaigns on gold coin (gold standard) with support from soldiers, businessmen, farmers and professionals, claiming to restore prosperity at home and victory abroad

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (815x1201, 307 KB) Summary USA campaign poster 1900 Licensing This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (815x1201, 307 KB) Summary USA campaign poster 1900 Licensing This image is in the public domain in the United States. ...

Campaign

The economy was booming in 1900, so the Republican slogan of “Four More Years of the Full Dinner Pail”, combined with victory in foreign war, had a powerful electoral appeal. Roosevelt emphasized the war issue:^[1]

Four years ago the nation was uneasy because at our very doors an American island was writhing in hideous agony under a worse than medieval despotism. We had our Armenia at our threshold. The situation in Cuba had become such that we could no longer stand quiet and retain one shred of self-respect…. We drew the sword and waged the most righteous and brilliantly successful foreign war that this generation has seen.

Bryan campaigned with a reprise of his major issue from the 1896 campaign, free silver. It was not as successful in 1900 because of the improved economy and because gold was being inflated by new production from Alaska and South Africa. Bryan's second major campaign theme attacked McKinley's imperialism and his efforts to put down the insurrection in the Philippines. This theme won over some previous opponents, especially "hard money" Germans, former Gold Democrats, and anti-imperialists such as Andrew Carnegie. Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Free Silver was an important political issue in the late 19th century United States. ... The National Democratic Party or Gold Democrats was a United States political party in the 1896. ... Andrew Carnegie (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-born American businessman, a major philanthropist, and the founder of the Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Steel. ...

Bryan also attempted, with limited success, to run against the McKinley administration's “imperialism” and problems in the conduct of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars. Combatants United States Republic of Cuba First Philippine Republic Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey Máximo Gómez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Casualties 379 U.S. dead; considerably higher although undetermined Cuban and Filipino casualties Unknown[1] The Spanish-American War took place... Combatants United States Philippines Commanders William McKinley Emilio Aguinaldo Strength 126,000 soldiers 80,000 soldiers Casualties 4,324 U.S. soldiers dead 2,000 Philippine Constabulary 16,000 soldiers killed est. ...

Both candidates repeated their 1896 campaign techniques, with McKinley again on his front porch; at its peak, he greeted sixteen delegations and 30,000 cheering supporters in one day. Meanwhile Bryan took to the rails again, traveling 18,000 miles to hundreds of rallies across the Midwest and East. This time, he was matched by Theodore Roosevelt, governor of New York, who campaigned just as energetically in 24 states, covering 21,000 miles by train. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ...

Philippine War claims

Conservatives ridiculed Bryan's eclectic platform

The triumph of the American army and navy in the war against Spain was a decisive factor in building Republican support. Democrats tried to argue that the war was not over because of the insurgency in the Philippines, which became their major issue. A perception that the Philippine War was coming to an end would be an electoral asset for the Republicans, and the McKinley administration stated that there were reductions of troops there. Republicans pledged that the fighting in the Philippines would die down of its own accord within sixty days of Mckinley's relection.^[2] However, as one lieutenant explained in a letter to his wife, “It looks good on paper, but there really has been no reduction of the force here. These battalions [being sent home] are made up on men…about to be discharged.”^[3] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x1163, 179 KB) Summary Harpers Weekly magazine cover USA 1900 Licensing This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x1163, 179 KB) Summary Harpers Weekly magazine cover USA 1900 Licensing This image is in the public domain in the United States. ...

In addition, Secretary of War Elihu Root had MacArthur's September 1900 report which he did not release until after the election.^[4] General Arthur MacArthur had been in command of the Philippines for four months, warning Washington that the war was not lessening and that the end was not even in sight. MacArthur believed that the guerrilla stage of the war was just beginning and that Filipinos were refining their techniques through experience. Furthermore, Philippine leader Emilio Aguinaldo’s strategy had popular support. MacArthur wrote: Arthur MacArthur, Jr. ... Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869—February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. ...

The success of this unique system of war depends upon almost complete unity of action of the entire native population. That such unity is a fact is too obvious to admit of discussion; how it is brought about and maintained is not so plain. Intimidation has undoubtedly accomplished much to this end, but fear as the only motive is hardly sufficient to account for the united and apparently spontaneous action of several millions of people. One traitor in each town would eventually destroy such a complex organization. It is more probable that the adhesive principle comes from ethological homogeneity, which induces men to respond for a time to the appeals of consanguineous leadership even when such action is opposed to their interests and convictions of expediency.^[5]

Soldier vote

Nonetheless, the majority of soldiers in the Philippines did not support Bryan. Any mention of the election of 1900 in the soldiers' letters and diaries indicated overwhelming support for the Republican ticket of McKinley and Roosevelt. According to Sergeant Beverly Daley, even the “howling Democrats” favored McKinley. Private Hambleton wrote, “Of course, there are some boys who think Bryan is the whole cheese, but they don't say too much.”^[6]

Results

Source (Popular Vote): Leip, David. 1900 Presidential Election Results. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections (July 28, 2005). William McKinley (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. ... The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ... William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, statesman, and politician. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... Official language(s) English Capital Lincoln Largest city Omaha Area  Ranked 16th  - Total 77,421 sq mi (200,520 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 0. ... Adlai Ewing Stevenson I (October 23, 1835 – June 14, 1914) was a Congressman from Illinois and the twenty-third Vice President of the United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... The Prohibition Party is a political party in the United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... May refer to the politcal leader Eugene_V._Debs May also be in reference to a a debutante ball, a formal party undertaken by the leaving members of second-level schools in Ireland, most often in the month of August or September. ... The Socialist Party of America (SPA) was a socialist political party in the United States and one of the most influential socialist parties in U.S. history. ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area  Ranked 38th  - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 270 miles (435 km)  - % water 1. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Wharton Barker (1846- ? ) was an American financier and publicist, born in Philadelphia, Pa. ... The Populist Party was a short-lived political party in late 19th century in the United States. ... Official language(s) None Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 160 miles (255 km)  - Length 280 miles (455 km)  - % water 2. ... Ignatius Donnelly, American congressman, populist, and writer. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... The Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) is the oldest socialist political party in the United States and the second oldest socialist party in the world. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  Ranked 44th  - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²)  - Width 183 miles (295 km)  - Length 113 miles (182 km)  - % water 13. ... Official language(s) None Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 160 miles (255 km)  - Length 280 miles (455 km)  - % water 2. ... July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 156 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Source (Electoral Vote): Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996. Official website of the National Archives. (July 31, 2005). July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 153 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• History of the United States (1865–1918)

This article covers the history of the United States from 1865 through 1918. ...

References

• Bailey, John W., Jr. "The Presidential Election of 1900 in Nebraska: McKinley over Bryan" Nebraska History 1973 54(4): 561-584. Issn: 0028-1859 Bryan lost his home state.
• Bailey, Thomas A. (1937). "Was the Presidential Election of 1900 a Mandate on Imperialism?". Mississippi Valley Historical Review: 43-52.
• Coletta, Paolo E. (1964). William Jennings Bryan, vol. 1, University of Nebraska Press.
• Lewis L. Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley (1980)
• Fred H. Harrington, "The Anti-Imperialist Movement in the United States, 1898-1900" in Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 22, No. 2 (Sep., 1935) , pp. 211-230 in JSTOR
• Miller, Stuart Creighton (1982). Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899–1903. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03081-9.
• H. Wayne Morgan. "William McKinley as a Political Leader" Review of Politics, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Oct., 1966) , pp. 417-432 in JSTOR
• H. Wayne Morgan. William McKinley and His America (1963)
• Kent, Noel Jacob (2002). America in 1900.
• Schlup, Leonard. "The American Chameleon: Adlai E. Stevenson and the Quest for the Vice Presidency in Gilded Age Politics." Presidential Studies Quarterly 1991 21(3): 511-529. Issn: 0360-4918
• Schlup, Leonard. "In the Shadow of Bryan: Adlai E. Stevenson and the Resurgence of Conservatism at the 1900 Convention." Nebraska History 1986 67(3): 224-238. Issn: 0028-1859
• Tompkins, E. Berkeley. "Scilla and Charybdis: the Anti-imperialist Dilemma in the Election of 1900" Pacific Historical Review 1967 36(2): 143-161. Issn: 0030-8684

Notes

1. ^ [Brands 1997: 400]
2. ^ [Miller 1982: 143]; Detroit Evening News, September 7, 1900; San Francisco Call, September 8, 21, 1900; Boston Evening Transcript, September 20, 1900
3. ^ [Miller 1982: 148]; Lt. Samuel Powell Lyon to his wife, April 12, 1900, Carlisle Collection
4. ^ [Miller 1982: 143, 148]
5. ^ [Miller 1982: 150–151]; Literary Digest 21 (1900): 605–606
6. ^ [Miller 1982: 187]; Letters of Sergeant Beverly Daley, November 16, 1900, Private Hambleton, March 4, 1900.

April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... The Literary Digest was an influential general-interest magazine in the early 20th century United States. ... November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ...

External links

• 1900 popular vote by counties
• 1900 State-by-state Popular vote

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