NationMaster - Encyclopedia: United States presidential election, 1916

The United States presidential election of 1916 took place while Europe was embroiled in World War I. Public sentiment in the still neutral United States leaned towards the British and French (allied) forces, due to the harsh treatment of civilians by the German Army, which had invaded and occupied large parts of Belgium and northern France. However, despite their sympathy with the allied forces most American voters wanted to avoid involvement in the war, and preferred to continue a policy of neutrality. The campaign pitted incumbent President Woodrow Wilson, the Democratic candidate, against Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, the Republican candidate. After a hard-fought contest, Wilson defeated Hughes by a narrow margin. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... Neutrality: Neutrality in international law is the status of a nation that refrains from participation in a war between other states and maintains an impartial attitude toward the belligerents. ... The German Army (German: Deutsches Heer, [IPA: heÉ] ) is the land component of the Bundeswehr (Federal Defence Forces) of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856â€“February 3, 1924), was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. ... In order to become a Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States, an individual must be nominated by the President of the United States and approved by the U.S. Senate, with at least half of that body approving in the affirmative. ... Charles Evans Hughes (April 11, 1862 â€“ August 27, 1948) was Governor of New York, United States Secretary of State, Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the United States. ...

Nominations

Republican Party Nomination

Republican Candidates US Republican Convention at The Coliseum, Chicago, 1916. ... US Republican Convention at The Coliseum, Chicago, 1916. ... The Chicago Coliseum was a large building in Chicago, Illinois that served as a sports arena, convention center, and exhibition hall over the course of its history. ...

The 1916 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago from 7 June to 10 June. A major goal of the party's bosses at the convention was to heal the bitter split within the Republican Party (GOP) that had occurred in the 1912 presidential campaign. In that year Theodore Roosevelt had bolted the GOP and formed his own political party, the Progressive Party, which contained most of the GOP's liberals. William Howard Taft, the incumbent President, had won the nomination of the regular Republican Party. This split in the GOP ranks had divided the Republican vote and led to the election of Democrat Woodrow Wilson. Although several candidates were openly competing for the 1916 nomination - most prominently conservative Senator Elihu Root of New York and liberal Senator John W. Weeks of Massachusetts - the party's bosses wanted a moderate who would be acceptable to both factions of the party. They turned to Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, who had served on the court since 1910 and thus had the advantage of not having publicly spoken about political issues in six years. Although he had not actively sought the nomination, Hughes made it known that he would not turn it down; he won the nomination on the third ballot. Former Vice-President Charles W. Fairbanks was nominated as his running mate. Hughes is the only Supreme Court Justice to be nominated for President by a major political party. Martin Grove Brumbaugh (April 14, 1862 â€“ March 14, 1930) was Pennsylvanias 25th Governor, a Republican. ... List of Pennsylvania Governors The office of Pennsylvania governor was created by the states Constitution of 1790. ... Theodore Elijah Burton (December 20, 1851 - October 28, 1929) was a Republican politician from Ohio. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area Ranked 34th - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 kmÂ²) - Width 220 miles (355 km) - Length 220 miles (355 km) - % water 8. ... Albert B. Cummins Albert Baird Cummins (February 15, 1850 - July 30, 1926) was a U.S. political figure. ... Official language(s) English Capital Des Moines Largest city Des Moines Area Ranked 26th - Total 56,272 sq mi (145,743 kmÂ²) - Width 310 miles (500 km) - Length 199 miles (320 km) - % water 0. ... Charles Warren Fairbanks (May 11, 1852 â€“ June 4, 1918) was a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-sixth Vice President of the United States. ... Seal of the office of the Vice-President of the United States The Vice President of the United States is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area Ranked 38th - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 kmÂ²) - Width 140 miles (225 km) - Length 270 miles (435 km) - % water 1. ... Henry Ford (1919) Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 â€“ April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Largest metro area Metro Detroit Area Ranked 11th - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 kmÂ²) - Width 239 miles (385 km) - Length 491 miles (790 km) - % water 41. ... Portrait of U.S. Secretary of State and Chief Justice of the United States Charles Evans Hughes Charles Evans Hughes (April 11, 1862–August 27, 1948) was a Governor of New York, a United States Secretary of State and Chief Justice of the United States. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... This is a list of the Governors of New York. ... Philander C. Knox Philander Chase Knox (May 6, 1853â€“October 12, 1921) was an American lawyer and politician who served as Attorney General and U.S. Senator and was Secretary of State from 1909-1913. ... The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. ... Robert Marion La Follette, Sr. ... Official language(s) None Capital Madison Largest city Milwaukee Area Ranked 23rd - Total 65,498 sq mi (169,790 kmÂ²) - Width 260 miles (420 km) - Length 310 miles (500 km) - % water 17 - Latitude 42Â° 30â€² N to 47Â° 05â€² N - Longitude 86Â° 46â€² W to 92Â° 53â€² W Population Ranked... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... â€œNYâ€ redirects here. ... Elihu Root Elihu Root (February 15, 1845 â€“ February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman, the son of Oren Root and Nancy Whitney Buttrick. ... â€œNYâ€ redirects here. ... Lawrence Yates Sherman was a United States Senator from the State of Illinois; He was born near Piqua, Miami County, Ohio, November 8, 1858; moved with his parents to Illinois in 1859; attended the common schools, Leeâ€™s Academy in Coles County, and McKendree College, Lebanon, Ill. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Area Ranked 25th - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 kmÂ²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 390 miles (629 km) - % water 4. ... There are a few persons names William A. Smith: William Alden Smith (1859-1932), U.S. Representative from the state of Michigan William Alexander Smith (1828-1888), U.S. Representative from the state of North Carolina This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Largest metro area Metro Detroit Area Ranked 11th - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 kmÂ²) - Width 239 miles (385 km) - Length 491 miles (790 km) - % water 41. ... John Wingate Weeks (April 11, 1860â€“July 12, 1926) was an American politician in the Republican Party. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area - City 234. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. ... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election 1912. ... William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 â€“ March 8, 1930) was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice of the United States, a leader of the progressive conservative wing of the Republican Party in the early 20th century, a pioneer in international arbitration... Elihu Root Elihu Root (February 15, 1845 â€“ February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman, the son of Oren Root and Nancy Whitney Buttrick. ... â€œNYâ€ redirects here. ... John Wingate Weeks (April 11, 1860â€“July 12, 1926) was an American politician in the Republican Party. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... In order to become a Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States, an individual must be nominated by the President of the United States and approved by the U.S. Senate, with at least half of that body approving in the affirmative. ... Charles Evans Hughes (April 11, 1862 â€“ August 27, 1948) was Governor of New York, United States Secretary of State, Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the United States. ... Charles Warren Fairbanks (May 11, 1852 â€“ June 4, 1918) was a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-sixth Vice President of the United States. ...

Democratic Party Nomination

The 1916 Democratic National Convention was held in St. Louis, Missouri from 14 June to 16 June. Given Wilson's enormous popularity within the party, he was overwhelmingly renominated. His Vice-President, Thomas R. Marshall, was also renominated with no opposition. Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area - City 66. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thomas R. Marshall Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 â€“ June 1, 1925) was an American politician who served as the twenty-eighth Vice President of the United States of America under Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1921. ...

Progressive Party Nomination

The Progressives renominated former President Theodore Roosevelt, but he withdrew from the race and supported Hughes. When Roosevelt refused to be their candidate, the Progressive Party quickly fell apart; most of its members returned to the Republican Party, although a substantial minority supported Wilson for his efforts in keeping the United States out of World War I. Roosevelt turned down the Progressive nomination for both personal and political reasons; he had become convinced that running for President on a third-party ticket again would merely give the election to the Democrats. He had also developed a strong dislike for President Wilson, whom he believed was allowing Germany and other warring nations in Europe to "bully" the United States. The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election 1912. ... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ...

General election

The fall campaign

The fighting in Europe dominated the campaign. Woodrow Wilson campaigned for reelection on a pledge of continued neutrality in the Great War in Europe. His campaign slogan, "He Kept Us out of War", was highly popular. Hughes advocated a program of greater mobilization and preparedness; some pro-Wilson newspapers claimed that Hughes, if elected, was secretly planning to take America into the war. With Wilson having successfully pressured the Germans to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare, it was difficult for Hughes to attack Wilson's peace platform. Hughes criticized Wilson's military interventions in Mexico, where the U.S. was supporting various factions in a civil war. Hughes also attacked Wilson for his support of various "pro-labor" laws (such as limiting the workday to eight hours), on the grounds that they were harmful to business interests. However, his criticisms gained little traction, especially among factory workers who had benefited from such laws. Hughes was helped by the vigorous support of popular former President Theodore Roosevelt, and by the fact that the Republicans were still the nation's majority party at the time. A key mistake by Hughes was made in California. Just before the election Hughes made a campaign swing through the state. While in Long Beach he stayed in the same hotel as Hiram Johnson, the powerful Republican Governor of the state. Hughes - who may not have known of Johnson's presence in the hotel - never made the short trip to greet Johnson in his hotel suite; Johnson took this as a deliberate snub and never gave Hughes his full support. Given the extremely narrow loss Hughes suffered in California, this unintentional slight may have cost him the Presidency. â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 kmÂ²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ... Hiram Johnson Hiram Warren Johnson (September 2, 1866 â€“ August 6, 1945) was a leading American progressive politician from California; he served as Governor from 1911 to 1917, and as a United States Senator from 1917 to 1945. ... Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (left) and Governor Gray Davis (right) with President George W. Bush in 2003 The Governor of California is the highest executive authority in the state government, whose responsibilities include making yearly State of the State addresses to the California State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that...

Results

On election night Hughes took an early lead in the Eastern and Midwestern states, and several newspapers declared him the winner. However, Wilson refused to concede, and as returns trickled in from the South and West Wilson made a comeback and eventually took the lead. The key state proved to be California, which Wilson won by only 3,800 votes out of nearly a million cast. The electoral vote was one of the closest in American history - with 266 votes needed to win, Wilson took 30 states for 277 electoral votes, while Hughes won 18 states and 254 electoral votes. If Hughes had won California and its 13 electoral votes, he would have won the election. In the popular vote Wilson's lead was larger, although it was still narrow - Wilson took 49% of the popular vote to Hughes' 46%. A popular legend from the 1916 campaign states that Hughes went to bed on Election Night thinking that he was the newly-elected president. When a reporter tried to telephone him the next morning to get his reaction to his loss, someone (stories vary as to whether this person was his son or a butler or valet) answered the phone and told the reporter that "the President is sleeping." The reporter retorted, "When he wakes up, tell him he isn't the President anymore."

Vice President Thomas R. Marshall became the first Vice President elected to a second term since John C. Calhoun in 1828. Thomas R. Marshall Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 â€“ June 1, 1925) was an American politician who served as the twenty-eighth Vice President of the United States of America under Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1921. ... John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 â€“ March 31, 1850) was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century, best known as a spokesman for slavery, nullification and the rights of electoral minorities, such as slave-holders. ...

Source (Popular Vote): Leip, David. 1916 Presidential Election Results. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections (July 28, 2005). Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856â€“February 3, 1924), was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas Politics Portal Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area Ranked 47th - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 kmÂ²) - Width 70 miles (110 km) - Length 150 miles (240 km) - % water 14. ... Thomas R. Marshall Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 â€“ June 1, 1925) was an American politician who served as the twenty-eighth Vice President of the United States of America under Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1921. ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area Ranked 38th - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 kmÂ²) - Width 140 miles (225 km) - Length 270 miles (435 km) - % water 1. ... Charles Evans Hughes (April 11, 1862 â€“ August 27, 1948) was Governor of New York, United States Secretary of State, Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the United States. ... The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. ... â€œNYâ€ redirects here. ... Charles Warren Fairbanks (May 11, 1852 â€“ June 4, 1918) was a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-sixth Vice President of the United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area Ranked 38th - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 kmÂ²) - Width 140 miles (225 km) - Length 270 miles (435 km) - % water 1. ... Allan Louis Benson (November 6, 1871â€“August 19, 1940) was an American newspaper editor who stood as the United States Socialist Party candidate for President in 1916. ... The Socialist Party of America (SPA) is a socialist political party in the United States. ... â€œNYâ€ redirects here. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area Ranked 47th - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 kmÂ²) - Width 70 miles (110 km) - Length 150 miles (240 km) - % water 14. ... James Franklin Hanly (April 4, 1863 - August 1, 1920) was an United States politician who served as the 26th Governor of Indiana from 1905 to 1909. ... The Prohibition Party is a political party in the United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area Ranked 38th - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 kmÂ²) - Width 140 miles (225 km) - Length 270 miles (435 km) - % water 1. ... Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Largest metro area Nashville Area Ranked 36th - Total 42,169 sq mi (109,247 kmÂ²) - Width 120 miles (195 km) - Length 440 miles (710 km) - % water 2. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Source (Electoral Vote): Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996. Official website of the National Archives. (July 31, 2005). is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Bibliography

Contents

Nominations

Republican Party Nomination

Democratic Party Nomination

Progressive Party Nomination

General election

The fall campaign

Results

Bibliography

See also

External links

Navigation

Contents

Nominations GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Republican Party Nomination

Democratic Party Nomination

Progressive Party Nomination

General election

The fall campaign

Results

Bibliography

See also

External links

Navigation

Nominations