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The Universal Media Disc (UMD) is an optical disc medium developed by Sony for use on the PlayStation Portable. It can hold up to 1.8 gigabytes of data, which can include games, movies, music, or a combination thereof. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (685x694, 215 KB)Source: [1] It does not impinge on Sonys ability to sell products. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (685x694, 215 KB)Source: [1] It does not impinge on Sonys ability to sell products. ...
In computing, optical disc authoring, including CD authoring and DVD authoring, known often as burning, is the process of recording source material—video, audio or other data—onto an optical disc (compact disc or DVD). ...
The optical lens of a compact disc drive. ...
It has been suggested that ISO image be merged into this article or section. ...
A CD recorder drive. ...
Optical disc authoring software is computer software for authoring optical discs including CD-ROMs and DVDs. ...
CD and DVD recorders for authoring optical discs such as CD-ROMs and DVDs have a history of various technologies. ...
In optical disc authoring, there are multiple modes for recording, including Disc-At-Once, Track-At-Once, and Session-At-Once. ...
Packet writing is an optical disc recording technology used to allow writeable CD and DVD media to be used in a similar manner to a floppy disk. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The CD-ROM (an abbreviation for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (ROM)) is a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact discs, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Compact Disc ReWritable (CD-RW) is a rewritable optical disc format. ...
See also IBMs VM operating system family, where minidisk refers to a logical unit of storage. ...
DVD (commonly known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) is an optical disc storage media format that can be used for data storage, including movies with high video and sound quality. ...
A DVD+R disc The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
DVD-R DL (Dual Layer) (Also Known as DVD-R9) is a derivative of the DVD-R format standard. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
DVD+R DL (Double Layer), also known as DVD+R9, is a derivative of the DVD+R format created by the DVD+RW Alliance. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
You can recognize a DVD-RAM immediately because visually there are lots of little rectangles distributed on the surface of the data carrier. ...
A Blu-ray Disc (also called BD) is a high-density optical disc format for the storage of digital media, including high-definition video. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
HD-DVD disc HD DVD (for High Density Digital Versatile Disc) is a digital optical media format which is being developed as one standard for high-definition DVD. HD DVD is similar to the competing Blu-ray Disc, which also uses the same CD sized (120 mm diameter) optical data...
HD DVD-R is the writable disc variant of HD DVD, and is now currently available with a single-layer capacity of 15GB. Currently, HD DVD-R has slower write speeds than the competing BD-R format (1–2x vs 1–4x) and lower storage capacity. ...
An example of proposed HD DVD-RAM media. ...
Ultra Density Optical (UDO) is a next-generation optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and data. ...
The Rainbow Books are a collection of standards defining the allowed formats of Compact Discs. ...
ISO 9660, a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization, defines a file system for CD-ROM media. ...
Joliet is the name of an extension to the ISO 9660 file system. ...
The Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP, IEEE P1282) is an extension to the ISO 9660 volume format which adds POSIX file system semantics. ...
The Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP, IEEE P1282) is an extension to the ISO 9660 volume format which adds POSIX file system semantics. ...
The El Torito Bootable CD Specification is an extension to the ISO 9660 CD-ROM specification. ...
Overview Apple Macintosh computers use the HFS (or HFS+) file system on hard disks, mainly. ...
The Universal Disk Format (UDF) is a format specification of a file system for storing files on optical media. ...
The Mount Rainier logo Mount Rainier is a format for re-writable optical discs which provides for packet writing and defect management. ...
The optical lens of a compact disc drive. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
It has been suggested that GoMax be merged into this article or section. ...
A gigabyte (derived from the SI prefix giga-) is a unit of information or computer storage equal to one billion (short scale, meaning a thousand million) bytes. ...
It has been suggested that Multiplayer game be merged into this article or section. ...
Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. ...
For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ...
Overview
Specifications ECMA-365: Data Interchange on 60 mm Read-Only ODC - Capacity: 1.8 GB (UMD™)[1] Ecma International is an international membership-based standards organization for information and communication systems. ...
- Dimensions: approx. 65 mm (W) × 64 mm (D) × 4.2 mm (H)
- Maximum capacity: 1.80 GB (dual layer), 900 MB (single-layer)
- Laser wavelength: 660 nm (red laser)
- Encryption: AES 128-bit
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter), symbol mm is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
The wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. ...
A nanometre (American spelling: nanometer) is 1. ...
For other uses, see Laser (disambiguation). ...
This article is about algorithms for encryption and decryption. ...
In cryptography, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known as Rijndael, is a block cipher adopted as an encryption standard by the U.S. government. ...
Regions DVD region coding has been applied to most UMD movies, although this restriction mechanism is not enabled for game releases. - Region 0: Worldwide (in-flight-movies, cinemas, ferries etc.)
- Region 1: United States, Canada
- Region 2: European Union, Japan, Middle East, Egypt, South Africa, Greenland
- Region 3: Taiwan, South Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore
- Region 4: Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Mexico & South America
- Region 5: Russia, Eastern Europe, India, most of Africa, North Korea, Mongolia
- Region 6: China
Digital Rights Management In an effort to combat piracy and maintain exclusive control, the UMD Disk format is proprietary, and neither blank media nor media writers are available to the public.
Applications The primary application for UMD discs is as a storage medium for PSP games, although the format is also being used for the storage of motion pictures, and to a lesser degree, television shows for playback on the PSP. The video is encoded in the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC format, with the audio in ATRAC3plus. It has been suggested that GoMax be merged into this article or section. ...
H.264, MPEG-4 Part 10, or AVC (for Advanced Video Coding), is a digital video codec standard that is noted for achieving very high data compression. ...
ATRAC (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding) is an audio compression algorithm used to store information on Minidiscs and other Sony-branded audio players. ...
The BBC began releasing a number of its TV titles on UMD in the UK, including The Office, Doctor Who and Little Britain. The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion...
For other uses, see Television (disambiguation). ...
The Office is a British television comedy series, created, written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, and first aired in the UK on BBC Two on July 9, 2001. ...
Doctor Who is a long-running British science fiction television programme (and 1996 television movie) produced by the BBC about the adventures of a mysterious time-traveller known as the Doctor, who explores time and space with his companions, solving problems and righting wrongs. ...
Little Britain is a character-based BBC radio and television sketch show written by and starring Matt Lucas and David Walliams. ...
Some adult films have been released on UMD in Japan[2]. Sony does not officially approve of such content, however, the enormous market in Japan for these releases is supporting the PSP's sales. Sony has thus refrained from taking action. Pornographic movies appeared shortly after the creation of the movie technology that made them possible. ...
Circumvention Despite Sony's best efforts, the UMD format has been cracked. Using a combination of insecure firmware and reverse engineering, the Sony PSP can now use a variety of homebrew games, and legally backed up games or illegally downloaded ISOs. Each disc uses a file system whose format follows the ISO 9660 standard. The ISO image can then be stored on a Memory Stick, and run via a special disc emulator program. The ISO images cannot be burned to UMD discs as UMD writables and burners are not available. The same game will load much faster when stored as an ISO image on a Memory Stick when compared with the original UMD. Software cracking is the modification of software to remove protection methods: copy prevention, trial/demo version, serial number, hardware key, CD check or software annoyances like nag screens and adware. ...
Reverse engineering (RE) is the process of taking something (a device, an electrical component, a software program, etc. ...
Homebrew is a term frequently applied only to video games that are produced by consumers on proprietary game platforms; in other words, game platforms that are not typically user-programmable, or use proprietary hardware for storage. ...
In computing, a file system (often also written as filesystem) is a method for storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them. ...
ISO 9660, a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization, defines a file system for CD-ROM media. ...
Sony 128 MB Memory Stick with MagicGate support. ...
Sony has attempted to halt this type of exploitation by updating the firmware. Versions 1.51 and later of the PSP firmware have attempted to patch the exploit. Recent games also come with a 'software switch' that force users to update before the game can be played. This has also been circumvented: some applications for 1.50 report the firmware version as being more recent than it actually is,or firmware spoofing, bypassing the need to update. This has since been fixed by Sony and no longer works. Firmware versions 1.5 to 3.33 have been decrypted and 1.50, 2.71, 3.02, 3.03 and 3.10 have been converted into custom firmwares. These firmwares allow people to run ISOs that they own from their XMB interface in addition to other homebrew available. In computing, firmware is software that is embedded in a hardware device. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
As of August 2005, the first batch of pirated UMD ISOs have reportedly been seen in Hong Kong for as little as HK $20 (less than US$3, €2 or £1.50).[citation needed] An ISO image (.iso) is an informal term for a disk image of an ISO 9660 file system. ...
Criticism Although the UMD discs offer large capacity and the capability to store quality audio/video content, the format's proprietary nature and the unavailability of writers and blank media have spawned criticisms. Comparisons to Sony's unsuccessful MiniDisc format have brought forth further criticisms; for instance, the sliding shield which prevents direct disc contact on MiniDiscs is absent from all UMDs released to date, though it is an option according to the ECMA specification.[citation needed] See also IBMs VM operating system family, where minidisk refers to a logical unit of storage. ...
For security reasons, and to protect DVD sales, Sony has no plans to support UMD playback on normal televisions.[3] While the lack of this feature has little bearing on game sales, it has affected the sale of UMD format movies. To allow the PSP to output to a TV set requires either a third-party modification that requires the removal of the faceplate among other hardware modifications, or a device such as the Nyko PSP-to-TV adapter that uses a CCD camera to display the PSP screen on a TV using RCA connectors. It has yet to be seen if such products will help poor UMD movie sales. For other uses, see Television (disambiguation). ...
Nyko is a manufacturer of 3rd party accesories for various gaming consoles. ...
A specially developed CCD used for ultraviolet imaging in a wire bonded package. ...
RCA Plugs for composite video and stereo audio An RCA jack, also referred to as a phono connector or CINCH/AV connector, is a type of electrical connector that is commonly used in the audio/video market. ...
The smaller capacity of the UMD discs necessitates that bonus content from DVD releases be removed in large part or entirely before the movie is released on UMD for PSP playback. This has made the UMD movie releases a difficult sell in the face of affordable portable DVD players that can output to TV sets and can play the full-featured DVD releases. UMD movie pricing was also originally higher than DVD pricing, although UMDs have largely fallen to a more reasonable price. Due to the slow sales of UMD movies, some retailers, such as Tower Records, began offering incentives on UMD purchases, such as 'buy one, get one free' deals.
In February 2006, Paramount Home Entertainment, Warner Home Video, and even Sony Pictures Home Entertainment announced that they were cutting back releases for the PSP, citing disappointing sales of about 50,000 per title. [4] In March 2006, Reuters reported that Wal-Mart was considering abandoning sales of the format, and that Universal Studios Home Entertainment and Image Entertainment had ceased production. [5] Other studios have reportedly reduced their commitment to the format as well. Paramount Home Entertainment (formerly Paramount Home Video) is a home video company founded in 1981. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment is the home video, DVD, and UMD distribution arm of Sony Pictures Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation. ...
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. ...
Universal Studios Home Entertainment (formerly Universal Studios Home Video or MCA/Universal Home Video) is a home video company founded in 1979. ...
Image Entertainment is a major home video and television distribution company that has handled digital media distribution of television programs, public domain and copyrighted feature films, and music concerts. ...
In summer 2006, Target began pulling UMDs from shelves and replacing them with a section of independent movies selected by the Independent Film Channel. [6] While not yet effective at all stores, the response from the corporation was that the UMDs will be shipped back to distribution centers to fulfill online orders through the Target website. [7] PSP games on UMD discs will be unaffected by this change and will still be carried by all Target stores. This article is about the United States retail company. ...
An independent film, or indie film, is usually a low-budget film that is produced by a small movie studio. ...
IFC logo The Independent Film Channel (IFC), launched in September, 1994, is a premium digital cable channel dedicated to presenting independent films, unedited and commercial-free. ...
In September 2006, a lower pricing led to a tenfold increase of sales in Japan, suggesting one of the main causes of slow sales was too high a price tag. [8]
Games on UMD take a long time to load, the worst take up to 4 minutes to start.[9]
References - ^ Ecma International (June 2005). Data Interchange on 60 mm Read-Only ODC—Capacity: 1,8 Gbytes (UMD™) (PDF).
- ^ GameSpot Staff (June 2005). PSP procures porn in Japan.
- ^ Taylor, Jim; Johnson, Mark R.; Crawford, Charles G. [2006]. DVD Demystified, third edition, McGraw-Hill: New York, 9:71.
- ^ Sony PSP UMD movie sales not so hot – Mobilemag
- ^ "Sony's UMD facing last rites", Reuters
UMD about to be ditched by Wal-Mart? – Engadget - ^ Target Rep Confirms: UMDs "Discontinued" Nationwide – Gamepro
- ^ UMDs shipped back to Target distribution centers - Video Business
- ^ UMD price drop leads to sales jump in Japan – Engadget
- ^ [1]
Ecma International is an international membership-based standards organization for information and communication systems. ...
External links | v • d • e Industrial & home video media | | Magnetic tape | VERA (1952) - 2 inch Quadruplex videotape (1956) - 1 inch type A videotape (1965) - 1/4 inch Akai (1967) - U-matic (1969) - Cartrivision (1972) - Video Cassette Recording (aka VCR) (1972) - V-Cord (1974) - VX (aka "The Great Time Machine") (1974) - Betamax (1975) - 1 inch type B videotape (1976) - 1 inch type C videotape (1976) - VHS (1976) - VK (1977) - SVR (1979) - Video 2000 (1980) - CVC (1980) - VHS-C (1982) - M (1982) - Betacam (1982) - Video8 (1985) - MII (1986) - D1 (1986) - S-VHS (1987) - D2 (1988) - Hi8 (1989) - D3 (1991) - D5 (1994) - Digital-S (D9) (199?) - S-VHS-C (1987) - W-VHS (1992) - DV (1995) - Betacam HDCAM (1997) - D-VHS (1998) - Digital8 (1999) - HDV (2003) MP3 Newswire is one of the earliest news sites focused on digital media technology. ...
The home video business rents and sells videocassettes and DVDs to the public. ...
Compact audio cassette Magnetic tape is a non-volatile storage medium consisting of a magnetic coating on a thin plastic strip. ...
VERA (Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus) was an early videotape format developed by the BBC in the 1950s. ...
2 inch Quadruplex (also called 2″ Quad, or just quad, for short) was the first practical and commercially successful videotape format. ...
1 inch type A (designated Type A by SMPTE) is an open-reel videotape format developed by Ampex in 1965, that was one of the first standardized open-reel videotape formats in the 1 inch (25 mm) width (most others of that size at that time were proprietary). ...
Sony U-matic VTR BVU-800 A U-matic tape U-matic is the name of a videocassette format developed by Sony in 1969. ...
Cartrivision was a videocassette format introduced in 1972, and the first format of its kind available in the USA.[1] It was produced by Cartridge Television, Inc. ...
Video Cassette Recording (VCR) was a video format by Philips, the first successful home videocassette recorder system. ...
V-Cord was a videocassette format developed and released by Sanyo in 1974. ...
VX was a short-lived and unsucessful videocassette format developed by Quasar in 1974. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
1 inch type B (designated Type B by SMPTE) is an open-reel videotape format developed by Bosch in Germany in 1976. ...
1 inch Type C (designated Type C by SMPTE) is a professional open-reel videotape format co-developed and introduced by Ampex and Sony in 1976. ...
Bottom view of VHS cassette with magnetic tape exposed Top view of VHS cassette with front casing removed The Vertical Helical Scan, better known by its abbreviation VHS (and often confused to be Video Home System) is a recording and playing standard for analog video cassette recorders (VCRs), developed by...
Video Cassette Recording (VCR) was a video format by Philips, the first successful home videocassette recorder system. ...
Video 2000 (or V2000; also known as Video Compact Cassette, or VCC) was a consumer VCR system and videotape standard developed by Philips and Grundig to compete with JVCs VHS and Sonys Betamax video technologies. ...
VHS-C is the compact VHS format used for portable video recorders. ...
M is the name of a professional videocassette format developed around 1982 by Matsushita and RCA. It was developed as a competitor to Sonys Betacam format. ...
Sony Betacam-SP VTP BVW-65 Betacam and VHS size comparison Betacam SP L (top), Betacam SP S (left), VHS (right) The early form of Betacam tapes are interchangeable with Betamax, though the recordings are not. ...
A Video8 cassette The 8mm video format refers informally to three related videocassette formats for the NTSC and PAL/SECAM television systems. ...
Note: The MII video tape format is not to be confused with Panasonics M2 videogame console The official logo for the MII videocassette format (courtesy Panasonic) MII is a professional videocassette format developed by Panasonic in 1986 as their answer & competitive product to Sonys Betacam SP format. ...
Sonys D1 format was the first major professional digital video format, introduced in 1987. ...
Introduced in Japan in 1987, S-VHS (Super VHS) was an improved version of the VHS standard for consumer video cassette recorders. ...
D2 is a professional digital video tape format created by Ampex and other manufacturers through a standards group of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) and introduced at the 1988 NAB (National Association of Broadcasters) convention as a lower-cost alternative to the D1 format. ...
A Video8 cassette The 8mm video format refers informally to three related videocassette formats for the NTSC and PAL/SECAM television systems. ...
D3 is a professional digital video tape format. ...
Panasonic D5 HD VTR AJ-HD3700H A Cassette Tape for D5 HD(Medium) D5 is a professional digital video format introduced by Panasonic in 1994. ...
Digital-S or D-9 is a 4:2:2 digital video format from JVC. It is very similar to DVCPRO50, but records on videocassettes in the S-VHS form factor. ...
VHS-C is the compact VHS format used for portable video recorders. ...
W-VHS is a high definition analogue video tape format created by JVC. Usually it used to store RGB or composite video at a resolution of 1125 lines on a magnetic tape of the same dimensions as VHS. Categories: Technology stubs | Television stubs | Video storage | VHS ...
A MiniDV tape For other uses, see DV (disambiguation). ...
Betacam and VHS size comparison Betacam SP L, Betacam SP S, VHS Betacam is a family of half-inch professional videotape formats developed by Sony from 1982 onwards. ...
D-VHS logo D-VHS is a digital video format developed by JVC, in collaboration with Hitachi, Matsushita and Philips. ...
Digital-8 (or D8) is a consumer digital videotape format developed by Sony in the late 1990s. ...
High Definition Video (HDV) is a video format designed to record compressed HDTV video on standard DV media (DV or MiniDV cassette tape). ...
| | Optical discs | LaserDisc (1978) - Laserfilm (1984) - CD Video - VCD (1993) - DVD-Video (1996) - MiniDVD - CVD (1998) - SVCD (1998) - FMD (2000) - EVD (2003) - FVD (2005) - UMD (2005) - VMD (2006) - HD DVD (2006) - Blu-ray Disc (BD) (2006) - DMD (2006?) - AVCHD (2006) - Tapestry Media (2007) - Total Hi Def (2007) - HVD (TBA) - PH-DVD (TBA) - SVOD (TBA) - Protein-coated disc (TBA) - Two-Photon 3-D (TBA) The optical lens of a compact disc drive. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Laserfilm was a videodisc format developed by McDonnell-Douglas in 1984 that was a transmissive laser-based playback medium (unlike its competitor, laserdisc, which was a reflective system). ...
CD Video (also known as CDV, CD-V, or CD+V) was a format introduced in the mid-1980s that combined the technologies of compact disc and laserdisc. ...
Video CD (aka VCD, VideoCD, View CD, Compact Disc digital video) is a standard digital format for storing video on a Compact Disc. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
There are two types of MiniDVD cDVD, which are 80-mm versions of the 120-mm DVD mini-DVD, which are standard CDs filled with the DVD-video format // cDVD A Mini-DVD-RAM with DVD Round Holder. ...
The China Video Disc (CVD), developed in the late 1990s, is a Chinese government-sponsored competitor to the SVCD standard. ...
Super Video CD (Super Video Compact Disc or SVCD) is a format used for storing video on standard compact discs. ...
Fluorescent Multilayer Disc (FMD), is an optical disc format developed by Constellation 3D that uses fluorescent, rather than reflective materials to store data. ...
The Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD) is an optical medium-based digital audio/video format, developed to provide a means for playing HDTV content using existing optical media. ...
FVD, or Forward Versatile Disc, is an offshoot of DVD developed in Taiwan jointly by the Advanced Optical Storage Research Alliance (AOSRA) and the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) as a more inexpensive alternative for high-definition content. ...
Versatile Multilayer Disc (VMD) is a high-capacity red laser optical disc technology designed by New Medium Enterprises, Inc. ...
HD-DVD disc HD DVD (for High Density Digital Versatile Disc) is a digital optical media format which is being developed as one standard for high-definition DVD. HD DVD is similar to the competing Blu-ray Disc, which also uses the same CD sized (120 mm diameter) optical data...
A Blu-ray Disc (also called BD) is a high-density optical disc format for the storage of digital media, including high-definition video. ...
Digital Multilayer Disk (DMD) is an optical disc format developed by D Data Inc. ...
AVCHD (Advanced Video Codec High Definition) is a new high definition recording format introduced by Sony and Panasonic. ...
Info A computer disc about the size of a DVD that can hold 60 times more data will go on sale in 2006, according to its American developer InPhase Technologies, a Lucent spin off. ...
Total Hi Def discs, also called a Total HD or THD discs, is an optical disc that will contain both rival high-definition optical disc formats, Sonys Bluray and Toshibas HD DVD. Officially announced at Warner Bros / Warner Home Videos press conference held at CES 2007 on...
Picture of a HVD by Optware. ...
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...
The Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (or SVOD) is an optical disk format developed by Hitachi/Maxell, which uses an array of wafer-thin optical disks to allow data storage of around 1TB. Each wafer (a thin polycarbonate disk) holds around 9. ...
Protein-Coated Disc (PCD) is a theoretical optical disc technology currently being developed by Professor V Renugopalakrishnan of Harvard Medical School. ...
Two-Photon 3-D Optical Data Storage refers to an optical storage system under development by a team at the University of Central Florida. ...
| | Grooved Videodiscs | Baird Television Record aka Phonovision (1927) - TeD (1974) - Capacitance Electronic Disc aka CED (1981) - VHD (1983) Videodisc (or video disc) is a general term for a laser- or stylus-readable random-access circular disc that contains both audio and video signals recorded in an analog form. ...
Phonovision, an experimental process for recording a television signal on phonograph records, was developed in the late 1920s in England by British television pioneer John Logie Baird. ...
Phonovision, an experimental process for recording a television signal on phonograph records, was developed in the late 1920s in England by British television pioneer John Logie Baird. ...
The Hobbit CED SelectaVision was originally the name for a video playback system developed by RCA using specialized Capacitance Electronic Disc (CED) media, in which video and audio could be played back on a TV using a special analog needle and high-density groove system similar to phonograph records. ...
The Hobbit CED SelectaVision was originally the name for a video playback system developed by RCA using specialized Capacitance Electronic Disc (CED) media, in which video and audio could be played back on a TV using a special analog needle and high-density groove system similar to phonograph records. ...
VHD is a videodisc format which was marketed predominantly in Japan by JVC. VHD stands for Video High Density, and there was also an audio-only variant called, not surprisingly, AHD. // Technology VHD discs are 25cm in diameter, though the user never sees them as they are stored in caddies...
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