The Universal Postal Union (UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is an international organization that coordinates postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system. Each member country agrees to the same set of terms for conducting international postal duties. Universal Postal Union's headquarters are located in Berne. Image File history File links Upu-logo. ... An international organization (also called intergovernmental organization) is an organization of international scope or character. ... A British pillar box The postal system is a system by which written documents typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages containing other matter, are delivered to destinations around the world. ... Location within Switzerland The city of Berne (Bernese German Bärn , German Bern , French Berne , Italian Berna , Romansh Berna , from the Celtic Berna Gap, referring to the geology of where the city is situated), is the Bundesstadt (administrative capital) of Switzerland, and is the fourth most populous Swiss city (after...

Prior to the establishment of the UPU, a country had to conclude a separate postal treaty with each other country that it wished to carry international mail to or from. The United States called for an international postal congress, which was held in 1863. This led Heinrich von Stephan, German Minister for Posts, to found the Universal Postal Union, the second oldest international organization (after the ITU). It was created in 1874, under the name "General Postal Union", as a result of the Treaty of Berne signed on 9 October 1874. In 1878, the name was changed to "Universal Postal Union". 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... Heinrich von Stephan (January 7, 1831 - April 8, 1897) reorganized the German postal service, and served as its director. ... Monument in Bern, Switzerland. ... 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Treaty of Bern, signed in 1874, established the General Postal Union, which is today known as the Universal Postal Union. ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (283rd in leap years). ... 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

The UPU established that (1) there should be a more or less uniform flat rate to mail a letter anywhere in the world; (2) postal authorities should give equal treatment to foreign and domestic mail; and (3) each country should retain all monies it collected for international postage.

UPU Monument (Weltpostdenkmal) in Berne

One of the most important results of the UPU treaty was that it ceased to be necessary, as it often had been previously, to affix the stamps of any country through which one's letter or package would pass in transit; the UPU provides that stamps of member nations are accepted for the whole international route. A selection of Hong Kong postal stamps A postage stamp is evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services. ...

After the foundation of the United Nations, the UPU became its specialized agency. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

In 1969 the UPU introduced a new system of payment by which fees were payable between countries according to the difference in the total weight of mail between the respective countries. These fees were called terminal dues. As this affected the cost of the delivery of periodicals, the UPU devised a new "threshold" system, which was implemented in 1991.

The system sets separate letter and periodical rates for countries which receive at least 150 tonnes of mail annually. For countries with less mail, the original flat rate has been maintained. The United States has negotiated a separate terminal dues formula with thirteen European countries that includes a rate per piece plus a rate per kilogram, and has a similar arrangement with Canada. World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of Earth; the term continent here referring to a cultural and political distinction, rather than a physiographic one, thus leading to various perspectives about Europes precise borders. ...

The UPU also operates the system of International Reply Coupons. An international reply coupon (IRC) is a coupon that can be used to post a standard 20 gram letter anywhere in the world. ...

Member countries

The United Nations member states may all become member countries of the UPU. The 192 United Nations member states are all UPU member countries except Andorra, Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau whose situation with regard to the UPU has not yet been settled. A non-member state of the United Nations may also become a UPU member if two-thirds of the UPU member countries approve its request. Vatican City is a UPU member country and a non-member state observer of the United Nations (as the Holy See). A map of UN member states and their dependencies as recognized by the UN. Regions excluded: Antarctica, Palestinian territories, Vatican City, and Western Sahara. ...

The UPU has 191 member countries since Timor-Leste joined on 28 November 2003 and Montenegro on 26 July 2006, including the Dutch territories of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba as a single UPU member, and the British overseas territories, which are not independent states. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... November 28 is the 332nd day (333rd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: None Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Capital Podgorica Largest city Podgorica Official language(s) Serbian of the Ijekavian dialect1 Government Republic  - President Filip Vujanović  - Prime Minister Milo Đukanović Independence From Serbia and Montenegro   - Declared June 3, 2006   - Recognised June 8, 2006  Area    - Total 14,026 km² (159th)   5,414... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of the British overseas territories (British Antarctic Territory and Sovereign Base Areas of Cyprus not shown) A British overseas territory is one of 14 (as of 2006) territories which are not part of the United Kingdom but come under its sovereignty. ...

The Republic of China joined the UPU on 1 March 1914. After the People's Republic of China was founded, the Republic of China continued to represent China in the UPU, until the UPU decided on 13 April 1972 to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative. This makes the International Reply Coupons not available to Taiwan. Mails addressed to Taiwan and other ROC's territories will still be delivered there. However, writing "Taiwan" as the country of destination is generally faster for the mails, as writing "Republic of China", "ROC", "Taiwan, Province of China" may send the mails through Mainland China and cause delays. The Republic of China governs Taiwan and some surrounding islands, and should not be confused with the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), which governs mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... April 13 is the 103rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (104th in leap years). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... This is a list of islands under the Republic of China administration (all claimed by the Peoples Republic of China). ...

Various other non-recognized countries such as Somaliland, Sealand and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus need to have their mail routed through third countries as the UPU will not allow direct international deliveries (Sealand's mail goes via the UK, TRNC's mail via Turkey, and Somaliland's mail via Ethiopia). Motto: Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem: dum ala khair, dum ala khair, Samo ku waar Samo ku waar Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa Largest city Hargeisa Official language(s) Somali, English, Arabic Government Republic  - President Dahir Riyale Kahin Independence From Somalia   - Declared May 18, 1991   - Recognition... For other meanings, see Sealand (disambiguation). ... Anthem: Ä°stiklâl Marşı1 (Turkish: Independence March) Capital LefkoÅŸa (Nicosia) Largest city LefkoÅŸa (Nicosia) Official language(s) Turkish Government Representative democratic republic  - President Mehmet Ali Talat  - Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Independence2 From the Republic of Cyprus   - Declared 15 November 1983  Area    - Total 3,355 km² (not...

The members are listed below by alphabetical order in their short-form English names, with the date of entering the UPU (multiple entry dates for some countries). Territories covered by a sovereign member country are included under that country.

A

•  Afghanistan - 1 April 1928
•  Albania - 1 March 1922
•  Algeria - 1 October 1907
•  Angola - 1 March 1977
•  Antigua and Barbuda - 20 January 1994
•  Argentina - 1 April 1878
•  Armenia - 14 October 1992
•  Australia - 1 October 1907
  • Norfolk Island
•  Austria - 1 July 1875
•  Azerbaijan - 1 April 1993

Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Albania. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Algeria_(bordered). ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Angola. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Argentina. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Armenia. ... October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in Leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Australia. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norfolk_Island. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Azerbaijan. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...

B

• Bahamas - 24 April 1974
•  Bahrain - 21 December 1973
•  Bangladesh - 7 February 1973
•  Barbados - 11 November 1967
•  Belarus - 13 May 1947
•  Belgium - 1 July 1875
•  Belize - 1 October 1982
•  Benin - 27 April 1961
•  Bhutan - 7 March 1969
•  Bolivia - 1 April 1886
•  Bosnia and Herzegovina - 1 July 1892; 26 January 1993
•  Botswana - 12 January 1968
•  Brazil - 1 July 1877
• Bulgaria (Rep.) - 15 January 1985
•  Bulgaria - 1 July 1879
•  Burkina Faso - 29 March 1963
•  Burundi - 6 April 1963

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Bahamas. ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bahrain_(bordered). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bangladesh. ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Barbados. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belarus. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belgium_(civil). ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belize. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Benin. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bhutan. ... March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (67th in leap years). ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bolivia. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... January 26 is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Botswana. ... January 12 is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Brazil. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bulgaria_(bordered). ... Motto: Bulgarian: Съединението прави силата (English: Unity Makes Strength[1]) Anthem: Mila Rodino (Dear Motherland) Capital Sofia Largest city Sofia Official language(s) Bulgarian Government Parliamentary democracy  - President Georgi Parvanov (BSP)  - Prime Minister Sergey Stanishev (BSP) Independence From the Ottoman Empire   - Founded 681   - Christianized 865   - Gained autonomy March 3, 1878   - Declared October 5... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bulgaria_(bordered). ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Burkina_Faso. ... March 29 is the 88th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (89th in Leap years). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Burundi. ... April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...

C

•  Cambodia - 21 December 1951
•  Cameroon - 26 July 1960
•  Canada - 1 July 1878
•  Cape Verde - 30 September 1976
• Central African Rep. - 28 June 1961
•  Chad - 23 June 1961
•  Chile - 1 April 1881
• China (People's Rep.) - 1 March 1914 ^[1]
  • Hong Kong, China
  • Macao, China
•  Colombia - 1 July 1881
•  Comoros - 29 July 1976
• Congo (Rep.) - 5 July 1961
•  Costa Rica - 1 January 1883
• Côte d'Ivoire (Rep.) - 23 May 1961
•  Croatia - 20 July 1992
•  Cuba - 4 October 1902
•  Cyprus - 23 November 1961
• Czech Rep. - 18 May 1920; 18 March 1993

Image File history File links Flag_of_Cambodia. ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cameroon. ... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Canada. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cape_Verde. ... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 92 days remaining. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic. ... Motto: Unité, Dignité, Travail (French: Unity, Dignity, Work) Anthem: French version La Renaissance (Sango version E Zingo) Capital Bangui Largest city Bangui Official language(s) French Government President Prime Minister Republic François Bozizé Élie Doté Independence From France August 13, 1960 Area  - Total    - Water (%)   622,984 km² (42nd) 240... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chad. ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175 th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chile. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hong_Kong. ... Hong Kong (香港; Cantonese IPA: ; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2; Yale: heūng góng; pinyin: Xiānggǎng; Wade-Giles: Hsiang-kang) is one of the two Special Administrative Regions of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macau. ... Motto: none Anthem: March of the Volunteers Macau uses the national anthem of the PRC Capital none Historically, the capital was Cidade do Nome de Deus de Macau (or Macau Peninsula, name abolished upon Reunification); government headquarters located in the St. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Colombia. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Comoros. ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo. ... Motto: Unité, Travail, Progrès (French: Unity, Work, Progress) Anthem: La Congolaise Capital Brazzaville Largest city Brazzaville Official language(s) French Government Republic President Prime Minister Denis Sassou-Nguesso Isidore Mvouba Independence  - Date From France 15 August 1960 Area    - Total 342,000 km² (62nd)   132047 sq mi   - Water (%) 3. ... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Costa_Rica. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cote_d'Ivoire. ... Motto: (translation) Unity, Discipline and Labour Anthem: LAbidjanaise Capital Yamoussoukro (official) Abidjan (de facto) Largest city Abidjan Official language(s) French Government Republic  - President Laurent Gbagbo  - Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny Independence From France   - Date August 7, 1960  Area    - Total 322,463 km² (68th)   (124,503 sq mi)   - Water... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cuba. ... October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cyprus_(bordered). ... November 23 is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 38 days remaining. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic_(bordered). ... Motto: Czech: Pravda vítÄ›zí (English: Truth prevails) [citation needed] Anthem: Kde domov můj Capital Prague Largest city Prague Official language(s) Czech Government Republic  - President Václav Klaus  - Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek Formation 9th century   - Independence from Austria-Hungary October 28, 1918   - Dissolution of Czechoslovakia January... May 18 is the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ... March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...

D

• Democratic Republic of the Congo - 1 January 1886
• Dem People's Rep. of Korea - 1 January 1900; 6 June 1974
•  Denmark - 1 July 1875
  • Faröe Islands
  • Greenland
•  Djibouti - 6 June 1978
•  Dominica - 31 January 1980
•  Dominican Republic - 1 October 1880

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_North_Korea. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Denmark. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands_(bordered). ... Anthem: Tú alfagra land mítt (You, my most beauteous land) Capital Tórshavn Largest city Tórshavn Official language(s) Faroese, Danish Government  - Monarch Margrethe II  - Prime Minister Jóannes Eidesgaard Independence None (part of the Kingdom of Denmark). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Greenland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Djibouti. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Dominica. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

E

•  Ecuador - 1 July 1880
•  Egypt - 1 July 1875
•  El Salvador - 1 April 1879
•  Equatorial Guinea - 24 July 1970
•  Eritrea - 19 August 1993
•  Estonia - 7 July 1922; 30 April 1992
•  Ethiopia - 1 November 1908

Image File history File links Flag_of_Ecuador. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_El_Salvador. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea. ... July 24 is the 205th day (206th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 160 days remaining. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Eritrea. ... August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Estonia_(bordered). ... July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ethiopia. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

F

•  Fiji - 18 June 1971
• Finland (including the Åland Islands) - 12 February 1918
•  France - 1 January 1876
• French Overseas Departments
  • French Guiana
  • Guadeloupe (incl. St Barthélémy and St Martin)
  • Martinique
  • Réunion
  • Territorial Community of Mayotte
  • Territorial Community of St Pierre and Miquelon
• Territories coming within the Union's jurisdiction by virtue of article 23 of the Constitution
  • French Polynesia (including Clipperton Island)
  • French Southern and Antarctic Territories (St Paul and Amsterdam Islands, Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Islands, Terre Adélie)
  • New Caledonia
  • Scattered Islands (Bassas da India, Europa Island, Juan de Nova, Glorieuses, Tromelin)
  • Wallis and Futuna Islands

Image File history File links Flag_of_Fiji. ... June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Finland_(bordered). ... Motto: none Anthem: Maamme (Finnish) / VÃ¥rt land (Swedish) Our Land (English) Capital Helsinki Largest city Helsinki Official language(s) Finnish 94. ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Capital Basse-Terre Land area¹ 1,702 km² Regional President Victorin Lurel (PS) (since 2004) Population  - Jan. ... Map of Mayotte Mayotte is an overseas collectivity of France at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_French_Polynesia. ... Motto: Tahiti Nui Marearea Anthem: La Marseillaise Capital Papeete Largest city Papeete Official language(s) French, Tahitian Government Dependency  - President Oscar Temaru Overseas Dependency    - Bastille Day 14 July 1789  Area    - Total 4,167 km² (173rd)   (1,609 sq mi)   - Water (%) 12 Population    - July 2006 est. ... The French Southern Territories (long name: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, French: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises or TAAF) are antarctic, volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean, south of Africa and about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia. ... Location of the Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean: • 1 : Bassas da India • 2 : Europa Island • 3 : Glorioso Islands • 4 : Juan de Nova Island • 5 : Tromelin Island (KM : Comoros, MG : Madagascar, MU : Mauritius, MZ : Mozambique, RE : Réunion, YT : Mayotte) The Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (French: ÃŽles Éparses... Location of the Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean: • 1 : Bassas da India • 2 : Europa Island • 3 : Glorioso Islands • 4 : Juan de Nova • 5 : Tromelin (KM : Comoros, MG : Madagascar, MU : Mauritius, MZ : Mozambique, RE : Réunion, YT : Mayotte) Juan de Nova Island (French: locally ÃŽle Juan de Nova or officially... Location of the Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean: • 1 : Bassas da India • 2 : Europa Island • 3 : Glorioso Islands • 4 : Juan de Nova Island • 5 : Tromelin Island (KM : Comoros, MG : Madagascar, MU : Mauritius, MZ : Mozambique, RE : Réunion, YT : Mayotte) The Glorieuses or Glorioso Islands (French: ÃŽles Glorieuses or officially... Location of the Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean: • 1 : Bassas da India • 2 : Europa Island • 3 : Glorioso Islands • 4 : Juan de Nova • 5 : Tromelin (KM : Comoros, MG : Madagascar, MU : Mauritius, MZ : Mozambique, RE : Réunion, YT : Mayotte) Tromelin Island (French: ÃŽle Tromelin ) is a low, flat one km² island... The Collectivity of Wallis and Futuna (French: Collectivité de Wallis et Futuna) is a group of mainly three volcanic tropical islands (Wallis, Futuna, and Alofi) with fringing reefs located in the South Pacific Ocean. ...

G

•  Gabon - 17 July 1961
• Gambia - 9 October 1974
•  Georgia - 1 April 1993
•  Germany - 1 July 1875
•  Ghana - 10 October 1957
• Great Britain - 1 July 1875
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  • Guernsey
  • Isle of Man
  • Jersey
•  Greece - 1 July 1875
•  Grenada - 30 January 1978
•  Guatemala - 1 August 1881
•  Guinea - 6 May 1959
•  Guinea-Bissau - 30 May 1974
•  Guyana - 22 March 1967

Image File history File links Flag_of_Gabon. ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_The_Gambia. ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (283rd in leap years). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Georgia_(bordered). ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ghana. ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in Leap years). ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guernsey. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_isle_of_man. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jersey. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Grenada. ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guatemala. ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guinea. ... May 6 is the 126th day of the yea