 Origen, a 3rd century proponent of universal reconciliation In Christian theology, universal reconciliation or universal salvation, is the doctrine or belief that all will eventually find salvation and reconciliation with God. It is believed the crucifixion of Jesus Christ provides atonement for all sins. This concept is often called universalism, but is distinct from Unitarian Universalism. Universal reconciliation is intimately related with the question of Hell and has been vigorously debated throughout history. Some universalists posit that souls will endure a limited period of punishment before inheriting life everlasting, similar to the state of purgatory. Historically, most Christian denominations reject universalism. Evangelicals and related Christian denominations have published extensively against universalism in recent decades, defending the doctrine of an eternal Hell. In Roman Catholicism, universalism is heterodox but is not incompatible with Church teaching.[1] Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
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Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: A Christian () is a person who...
Theology finds its scholars pursuing the understanding of and providing reasoned discourse of religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ...
Doctrine, from Latin doctrina, (compare doctor), means a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the body of teachings in a branch of knowledge or belief system. ...
In theology, salvation can mean three related things: being saved from something, such as suffering or the punishment of sin - also called deliverance; being saved for something, such as an afterlife or participating in the Reign of God - also called redemption Salvation can also be understood in terms of social...
This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ...
Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution, where the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
For other uses, see Atonement (disambiguation). ...
Universalism refers to any concept or doctrine that applies to all persons and/or all things for all times and in all situations. ...
The flaming chalice is the universally recognized symbol for Unitarian Universalism. ...
The problem of Hell is a variant of the problem of evil, applying specifically to religions which hold both that: An omnipotent (all-powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), and omnibenevolent (all-loving) God exists. ...
Illustration for Dantes Purgatorio (18), by Gustave Doré. Purgatory refers to the Catholic doctrine of the the final purification of the elect which states that, all who die in Gods grace and friendship, but still imperfectly purified, are indeed assured of their eternal salvation; but after death they...
Evangelicalism, in a strictly lexical, but rarely used sense, refers to all things that are implied in belief that Jesus is the savior. ...
List of Christian denominations ordered by historical and doctrinal relationships. ...
“The Inferno†redirects here. ...
The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...
Heterodox literally means pertaining to other doctrines or other worship. ...
History
Early history Some scholars note a significant substrate of universalism in St. Paul's writings. It is believed that the early Christian community around Damascus advocated a law-critical universalist doctrine of salvation. Various theologians, including Clement of Alexandria and Origen in the 3rd century, St. Gregory of Nyssa in the 4th century, and St. Isaac the Syrian in the 7th century, expressed universalist positions in early Christianity. Though Gregory of Nyssa was a known universalist, he was never condemned. He was additionally declared "the father of fathers" by the seventh ecumenical council.[1][2] St. ...
Clement of Alexandria (Titus Flavius Clemens), was the first member of the Church of Alexandria to be more than a name, and one of its most distinguished teachers. ...
Origen Origen (Greek: Ōrigénēs, 185–ca. ...
Gregory of Nyssa ( 335 – after 394) was a Christian bishop and saint. ...
Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The term Early Christianity here refers...
The Second Council of Nicaea was the seventh ecumenical council of Christianity; it met in 787 AD in Nicaea (site of the First Council of Nicaea) to restore the honoring of icons (or, holy images), which had been suppressed by imperial edict inside the Byzantine Empire during the reign of...
Modern universalists claim that universalism was the primary doctrine of the church until it was forcibly stamped out by the Catholic Church in the sixth century. Four of the six theological schools of thought in ancient Christendom supported universalism, and only one supported eternal damnation. Additionally, theological thought appears more varied before the strong influence of Augustine, who forcefully denied universal salvation.[3] Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic...
This T-and-O map, which abstracts the known world to a cross inscribed within an orb, remakes geography in the service of Christian iconography. ...
// Tarnation redirects here. ...
“Augustinus†redirects here. ...
Origen and a form of apocatastasis were formally condemned in 544 by the Patriarch Mennas of Constantinople and the condemnation was ratified in 553 by the Fifth Ecumenical Council. Many heteroclite views became associated with Origen, and the 15 anathemas against him attributed to the council condemn a form of apocatastasis along with the pre-existence of the soul, animism, a heterodox Christology, and a denial of real and lasting resurrection of the body. Some authorities believe these anathemas belong to an earlier local synod.[4] Ancient of Days by William Blake Apocatastasis (a-po-ca-TAH-sta-sis) is a Greek word meaning: 1) reconstitution or restitution [1] 2) restoration to the original or primordial condition [2] // [edit] Apocatastasis [edit] in Stoicism In Stoic philosophy, the cosmos is a physical expression of Zeus perfect thoughts...
Menas or Mennas, a Christian saint was appointed by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I as patriarch of Constantinople in the 536 The Pope Agapetus I consecrated him to succeed Bishop Anthimus, who was a monophysite. ...
The Fifth Ecumenical Council (the Second Council of Constantinople) was a Christian Ecumenical Council that was held in 553. ...
Apocatastasis is considered in modern times to refer to Origen's doctrine of universal reconciliation. However, until the mid-sixth century, the word had a broader meaning. While it applied to a number of doctrines regarding universal salvation, it also referred to a return, both to a location and to an original condition. Thus, the Greek word's application to universalist theology was originally broad and metaphorical.[5]
Universalist revival The Reformation began a rekindled interest in the theological doctrine of universal reconciliation. Reformers, such as Erasmus, rekindled interested in the Greek Church Fathers. Historically early advocates of universalism, such as Origen, became more broadly known as new editions of their writings were published. The period between the Reformation and Enlightenment featured extended debates about salvation and hell.[6] The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ...
Desiderius Erasmus in 1523 Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (also Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam) (October 27, probably 1466 – July 12, 1536) was a Dutch humanist and theologian. ...
The Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ...
The Age of Enlightenment (French: ; German: ) was an eighteenth century movement in European and American philosophy, or the longer period including the Age of Reason. ...
A German Christian, Hans Denck converted to universalism in the sixteenth century. Hans Hut was deeply influenced by Denck and spread the doctrine of universalism. The teaching spread from Germany. Universalism was notably present in England by the seventeenth century. Universalism was brought to the American colonies in the early eighteenth century by the English physician George de Benneville, attracted by Pennsylvania's Quaker tolerance. North American universalism was active and organized. This was seen as a threat by the orthodox Congregationalists of New England such as Jonathan Edwards, who wrote prolifically against universalist teachings and preachers.[7] Hans Denck (c. ...
Hans Hut (c. ...
Englishman George de Benneville was born in 1703 to aristocratic Huguenot French parents in the court of Queen Anne. ...
Jonathan Edwards (October 5, 1703 – March 22, 1758) was a colonial American Congregational preacher, theologian, and missionary to Native Americans. ...
Modern movement
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| The post-enlightenment, universalist movement led to the formation of the Universalist Church of America, which later merged in 1961 with the American Unitarian Association to form the Unitarian Universalist Association. However, because Unitarian Universalism is officially creedless, no member of that denomination is required to believe in the doctrine of universalism. Many Anglicans also adhere to a universalist doctrine. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA), in full the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations in North America, is a liberal religious denomination formed by the merger in 1961 of the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church in America. ...
Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA), in full the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations in North America, is a liberal religious association of Unitarian Universalist congregations formed by the consolidation in 1961 of the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church of America. ...
The flaming chalice is the universally recognized symbol for Unitarian Universalism. ...
A religious denomination (also simply denomination) is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name, tradition, and identity. ...
Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: Anglicanism is the term used to encapsulate...
Early Universalists in North America include John Murray and Thomas Potter in 1770 . The story goes that God told Potter that he was to go and rescue the one swimming from a boat that had hit a sandbar and that this person would be the one he was waiting for. Murray preached to Potter's neighbours and the word spread like wildfire. John Murray (1741–1815) though sometimes recalled as founder of the Universalist denomination in the United States, might more fairly be described as a pioneer minister and an inspirational figure, as his theological legacy to the later Universalist denomination was minimal. ...
Thomas Potter was an illiterate farmer who built a chapel in Lacey Township, New Jersey. ...
Hosea Ballou, who is sometimes called an ultra-universalist, is often recognized as the great theologian of American Universalism, having written thousands of sermons as well as essays, hymns and treatises. Ultra-universalism is the belief that all sin is directly punished by the consequences in the sinner's own life. No further recompense being necessary after death, every soul is directly reunited with God in Heaven. The more common, and less extreme version of the Universalist doctrine is that Hell does indeed exist and many souls may end up there, however, Hell is not a realm of eternal punishment. Instead God continues to care for the souls in Hell until, eventually, God's infinite, patient love will outlast the sinner's ability to resist. When, at last, the sinner who had turned away from God turns back to the God who had never turned away, the sinner will be removed from Hell to enjoy the salvation God had always intended for all creation. Hosea Ballou (1771—1852), American Universalist clergyman, was born in Richmond, New Hampshire, on the 30th of April 1771. ...
Recent developments In May 16, 2007, the Christian Universalism Association was founded at the historic Universalist National Memorial Church in Washington, D.C. This was a move to distinguish itself from modern Unitarian Universalism, as distinctly and dogmatically Christian.[8] The flaming chalice is the universally recognized symbol for Unitarian Universalism. ...
Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: A Christian () is a person who...
Bishop Carlton Pearson received notoriety in 2004 when he was officially declared a heretic by the Joint College of African-American Pentecostal Bishops. Bishop Pearson, who had attended Oral Roberts University, a conservative Christian teaching institution, formally declared his belief in the doctrine of universal salvation. His church, called New Dimensions, adopted the doctrine.[9] Carlton Pearson is an evangelical minister based in Tulsa, Oklahoma. ...
Oral Roberts University or ORU, based in Tulsa, Oklahoma, is the largest charismatic Christian university in the world. ...
New Dimensions is a studio album by vocal trio The Three Degrees released in late 1978. ...
In 2005 Cardinal Murphy O'Connor, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Westminster, reiterated that Universal Salvation was entirely compatible with Catholic teaching[2] and expressed his personal hope for universal salvation. His Eminence Cormac Cardinal Murphy-OConnor, (born August 24, 1932) is an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, currently serving as Archbishop of Westminster and President of the Catholic Bishops Conference of England and Wales. ...
The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...
Biblical translation as a support basis |
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| Supporters of the universal reconciliation doctrine make a claim that the Bible, when properly translated, supports the universalist position.
Those who are binitarian, such as the Living Church of God, claim that while the offer for salvation will be clearly made to everyone, either in this age or the age to come, and that nearly all will accept it (such as 99.9% of those that ever lived). They differ from other univeralists in that they believe that the Bible shows that some few will be condemned. And while they sometimes cite errors of translations, they hold that there are hundreds of scriptures that support the view of a clear universal offer of salvation. The Living Church of God (LCG) is the second largest church group formed by followers of the teachings of the late Herbert W. Armstrong. ...
It has been difficult to assess the quality of the arguments and counter-arguments for either position, as the subject is not a focus of mainstream scholarship, and methods of Bible translation remain controversial on both sides. There is an ongoing debate which has been raging for years (at least since the late 60s when modern translations started appearing) about which translation is best and more generally about whether the Bible should even be translated into less-literal versions. ...
Roman Catholic teaching
Existence of Hell Hell is defined by the Catechism of the Catholic Church (paragraph 1033):
'We cannot be united with God unless we freely choose to love him. But we cannot love God if we sin gravely against him, against our neighbor or against ourselves: "He who does not love remains in death. Anyone who hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life abiding in him."610 Our Lord warns us that we shall be separated from him if we fail to meet the serious needs of the poor and the little ones who are his brethren.611 To die in mortal sin without repenting and accepting God's merciful love means remaining separated from him for ever by our own free choice. This state of definitive self- exclusion from communion with God and the blessed is called "hell." '
In the words of Pope John Paul II, "The images of hell that Sacred Scripture presents to us must be correctly interpreted. They show the complete frustration and emptiness of life without God. Rather than a place, Hell indicates the state of those who freely and definitively separate themselves from God, the source of all life and joy".[10] An earlier catechism, however, describes the suffering of those in hell in more traditional terms, as fiery "punishment" rather than as "self-exclusion" from God.[11] Official papal image of John Paul II. His Holiness Pope John Paul II, né Karol Józef Wojtyła (born May 18, 1920 in Wadowice, Poland), is the current Pope — the Bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church. ...
The idea of hell as a place, in traditional Catholic circles, has been promoted in recent years by the publication of the purported visions of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Fatima, Portugal in 1917. Mary is supposed to have revealed a vision of hell as a "great sea of fire."[12] Many Catholics point out that the Magisterium of the Catholic Church does not require Catholics to give credence to any private revelation, though the vision has been declared worthy of belief. It is also suggested that these visions (if true) are using imagery that uneducated people might understand (the seers of Fatima were peasant children). Our Lady redirects here. ...
Fatima may refer to: Fatima (name) a female personal name (see that article for a list of other people with the name) Fatima Zahra, daughter of prophet Muhammad, and wife of Ali, the 1st Imam of Shia Islam. ...
Magisterium (from the Latin magister, teacher) is a technical ecclesiastical term in Catholicism referring to the teaching ability and authority of the Pope and those Bishops who are in union with him. ...
Seers is a short-lived rock band from the early 90s. ...
Hell and Purgatory Catholicism, unlike other forms of Christianity, asserts the existence of purgatory. In theological terminology, "purgatory" is a separate and distinct term from "hell". It is possible to loosely describe purgatory as "a temporary hell", or as "a temporary period in hell", but these statements would, strictly speaking, be using Catholic terminology incorrectly. Illustration for Dantes Purgatorio (18), by Gustave Doré. Purgatory refers to the Catholic doctrine of the the final purification of the elect which states that, all who die in Gods grace and friendship, but still imperfectly purified, are indeed assured of their eternal salvation; but after death they...
Going to Hell As the Catholic Church teaches that Christians must believe in the existence of hell, it has been the standard belief of Catholics that certain people go to hell. However, Catholics are not required to believe that anyone will actually be condemned to hell, a point which Cardinal Murphy O'Connor has reiterated in recent years[3]: It is non-standard, but not heretical, for Catholics to believe that all souls ultimately reach heaven (if necessary after purgatory). From this viewpoint, the suffering described in Biblical passages of those condemned for their sins is interpreted as purgatory. His Eminence Cormac Cardinal Murphy-OConnor, (born August 24, 1932) is an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, currently serving as Archbishop of Westminster and President of the Catholic Bishops Conference of England and Wales. ...
Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the ‘catholic’ or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. ...
Illustration for Dantes Purgatorio (18), by Gustave Doré. Purgatory refers to the Catholic doctrine of the the final purification of the elect which states that, all who die in Gods grace and friendship, but still imperfectly purified, are indeed assured of their eternal salvation; but after death they...
This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ...
Illustration for Dantes Purgatorio (18), by Gustave Doré. Purgatory refers to the Catholic doctrine of the the final purification of the elect which states that, all who die in Gods grace and friendship, but still imperfectly purified, are indeed assured of their eternal salvation; but after death they...
References - ^ www.catholicpeacefellowship.org/nextpage.asp?m=2188. Retrieved on 2007-05-20.
* Schmithals, Walter. The Theology of the First Christians. Pp 85-88. Westminster John Knox Press (1998). ISBN 0664256155. - ^ www.thefreelibrary.com/St.+Gregory+of+Nyssa-a0126313737. Retrieved on 2007-05-20.
* www.iep.utm.edu/g/gregoryn.htm. Retrieved on 2007-05-20. - ^ The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, vol. 12, p. 96; retrieved April 29, 2007. “In the West this doctrine had fewer adherents and was never accepted by the Church at large. In the first five or six centuries of Christianity there were six theological schools, of which four (Alexandria, Antioch, Caesarea, and Edessa, or Nisibis) were Universalist; one (Ephesus) accepted conditional mortality; one (Carthage or Rome) taught endless punishment of the wicked.”
* Seymour, Charles. A Theodicy of Hell. Pg 25. Springer (2000). ISBN 0792363647.
* Ludlow, Morwenna. Universal Salvation: eschatology in the thought of Gregory of Nyssa and Karl Rahner. Pp 1-2. Oxford University Press (2000). ISBN 0198270224. - ^ Von Balthasar, Hans Urs & Greer, Rowan A. Origen. Pg 3. Paulist Press (1979). ISBN 0809121980.
* www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xii.ix.html. Retrieved on 2007-05-20.
* www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xii.viii.html. Retrieved on 2007-05-20. - ^ Ludlow, Morwenna. Universal Salvation: eschatology in the thought of Gregory of Nyssa and Karl Rahner. Pp 39-42. Oxford University Press (2000). ISBN 0198270224.
- ^ Ludlow, Morwenna. Universal Salvation: eschatology in the thought of Gregory of Nyssa and Karl Rahner. Pp 2-3. Oxford University Press (2000). ISBN 0198270224.
- ^ Seymour, Charles. A Theodicy of Hell. Pp. 30-31. Springer (2000). ISBN 0792363647.
- ^ http://www.imrestored.com/2007/christian-universalism-association-all-gods-children-no-one-is-left-behind.php#more-27] Retrieved June 08, 2007
- ^ www.washtimes.com/culture/20040420-104557-5370r.htm. Retrieved on 2007-05-20.
- ^ July 28, 1999 statement of Pope John Paul II concerning the topic of Hell
- ^ "Those are punished in hell who die in mortal sin; they are deprived of the vision of God and suffer dreadful torments, especially that of fire, for all eternity...The souls in hell are beyond all help...The souls in hell do not have supernatural faith. They believe, however, the truths revealed by Almighty God, not with divine faith, but because they cannot escape the evidence of God's authority...The punishment of hell is eternal." A Catechism of Christian Doctrine, Revised Edition of the Baltimore Catechism, St. Anthony Guild Press, New Jersey (1949), pp144, 145
- ^ "Our Lady showed us a great sea of fire which seemed to be under the earth. Plunged in this fire were demons and souls in human form, like transparent burning embers, all blackened or burnished bronze, floating about in the conflagration, now raised into the air by the flames that issued from within themselves together with great clouds of smoke, now falling back on every side like sparks in a huge fire, without weight or equilibrium, and amid shrieks and groans of pain and despair, which horrified us and made us tremble with fear. The demons could be distinguished by their terrifying and repulsive likeness to frightful and unknown animals, all black and transparent." Lucia Santos: Fatima, In Lucia's Own Words, The Ravengate Press, Still River Massachusetts (1995), p104
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Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
May 20 is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
May 20 is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
May 20 is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
May 20 is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
May 20 is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also Image File history File links P_religion_world. ...
Ancient of Days by William Blake Apocatastasis (a-po-ca-TAH-sta-sis) is a Greek word meaning: 1) reconstitution or restitution [1] 2) restoration to the original or primordial condition [2] // [edit] Apocatastasis [edit] in Stoicism In Stoic philosophy, the cosmos is a physical expression of Zeus perfect thoughts...
The problem of Hell is a variant of the problem of evil, applying specifically to religions which hold both that: An omnipotent (all-powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), and omnibenevolent (all-loving) God exists. ...
The flaming chalice is the universally recognized symbol for Unitarian Universalism. ...
Universalism refers to any concept or doctrine that applies to all persons and/or all things for all times and in all situations. ...
The Traditionalist School of thought (not to be confused with Traditionalist Catholicism), attained its current form with the French metaphysician René Guénon, although its precepts are considered to be timeless and to be found in all authentic traditions. ...
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