It has been suggested that double degree be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... A double degree, sometimes called a conjoint degree, joint, ordual degree, programme normally involves a student working for two university degrees in parallel. ... // History Because of the above definition, the oldest universities in the world were all European, as the awarding of academic degrees was not a custom of older institutions of learning in Asia and Africa. ...

History

The first universities were founded in Byzantium in the 5th(in Constantinopolis and Athens) and first in western Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries. As with other professions, teaching in universities was only carried out by people who were properly qualified. In the same way that a carpenter would attain the status of master carpenter when fully qualified by his guild, a teacher would become a master when he had been licensed by his profession, the teaching guild. // Overview Events Romulus Augustus, Last Western Roman Emperor 410: Rome sacked by Visigoths 452: Pope Leo I allegedly meets personally with Attila the Hun and convinces him not to sack Rome 439: Vandals conquer Carthage At some point after 440, the Anglo-Saxons settle in Britain. ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... A carpenter is a skilled craftsman who performs carpentry -- a wide range of woodworking that includes constructing buildings, furniture, and other objects out of wood. ... A guild is an association of people of the same trade or pursuits, formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards of morality or conduct. ...

Candidates who had completed three or four years of study in the prescribed texts of the trivium (grammar, rhetoric and logic), and who had successfully passed examinations held by their masters, would be admitted to a bachelor's degree. Thus a degree was only a step on the way to becoming a fully-qualified master – hence the English word graduate, which is based on the Latin gradus ("step"). In medieval universities, the trivium comprised the three subjects taught first, before the quadrivium. ... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three or four years. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

Today the terms master, doctor and professor signify different levels of academic achievement, but initially they were equivalent terms. The University of Bologna in Italy, regarded as the oldest university in Europe, was the first institution to confer the degree of Doctor in Civil Law in the late 12th century; it also conferred similar degrees in other subjects including medicine. Note that medicine is now the only field in which the term doctor is applied to students who have only obtained their first academic qualification. The University of Bologna (Università di Bologna, UNIBO) is the university of Bologna, in Italy. ... A doctorate is an academic degree of the highest level. ... See also Medical doctor (BE), Physician (AE), and Medical school. ...

The University of Paris used the term master for its graduates, a practice adopted by the English universities of Oxford and Cambridge as well as the "ancient" Scottish universities of St Andrew's, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh. The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: Université de Paris) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganized as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. ...

The naming of degrees eventually became linked with the subjects studied. Scholars in the faculties of arts or grammar became known as masters, but those in philosophy, medicine and law were known as doctor. As study in the arts or in grammar was a necessary prerequisite to study in subjects such as philosophy, medicine and law, the degree of doctor assumed a higher status than the master's degree. This led to the modern hierarchy in which the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is a more advanced degree than the Master of Arts (M.A.). The practice of using the term doctor for all advanced degrees developed within German universities and spread across the academic world. The Arts includes much of what is covered by the term Fine art (and some would generalize to Art) and also includes the Trivium and the Quadrivium. ... Grammar is the study of rules governing the use of language. ... These five broad types of question are called analytical or logical, epistemological, ethical, metaphysical, and aesthetic respectively. ... Law (a loanword from Old Norse lagu), in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, intended to provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide punishments of/for those who... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate or graduate course of one to three years in duration. ... Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate course of one or two years in duration. ...

The French terminology is tied closely to the original meanings of the terms. The baccalauréat (cf. bachelor|baccalaureate) is conferred upon French students who have successfully completed their secondary education and admits the student to university. When students graduate from university, they are awarded licence, much as the medieval teaching guilds would have done, and they are qualified to teach in secondary schools or proceed to higher-level studies. Lycée Louis-le-Grand (on the right) in Paris is one of Frances most famous lycées, with a rate of success to baccalauréat usually above 99%. The baccalauréat (IPA: ), often known in France familiarly as the bac, is a diploma which French students sit for... A bachelor is an unmarried but marriageable man; some restrict the usage to men who have never been married. ... Secondary education is a period of education which, in most contemporary educational systems of the world, follows directly after primary education, and which may be followed by tertiary, post-secondary, or higher education (e. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

In Europe, degrees are being harmonised through the Bologna process, which is based on the three-level hierarchy of degrees (Bachelor (Licence in France), Master, Doctor). This system is currently in use in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This system is gradually replacing the two-stage system now in use in some countries. The purpose of the Bologna process is to create the European higher education area by harmonising academic degree standards and quality assurance standards throughout Europe for each faculty and its development. ...

Some degrees are awarded jure dignitatis. That is, a person who has demonstrated the appropriate qualities to be given a particular office may be awarded the degree by virtue of the office held. It is another kind of earned degree.

In the past, degrees have also been directly issued by authority of the monarch or by a bishop, rather than any educational institution. This practice has mostly died out.

Types of academic degrees

Some examples of specific degrees follow each general term. For more information, see the article about the general term.

• Associate's degrees (U.S.): AA, ABS, AS
• Foundation degrees (U.K.): FdA, FdEd, FdEng, FdMus, FdSc, FdTech
• Bachelor's degrees: AB or BA, BBus, BCom or BComm, BE, BS or BSc, BFA, BCL, LLB, BM or MB, BBA, BChir or ChB, BEng, MB ChB (actually two degrees), SB, BSSc
• Master's degrees: MA, MS or MSc, MSt, J.D.*, MALD, MApol, MPhil, MRes, MFA, MTh, MTS, M.Div., MBA, MPA, MSW, MPAff, MLIS, MLitt, MPH, MPM, MPP, MPT, MRE, LLM, MEng, MSci, MChem, MPhys, MMath, MMus, MESci, MGeol, MTCM, MSSc, BCL (Oxon)#, BPhil (Oxon)#.
• Specialist degrees: EdS, B.Acc., C.A.S.,
• Doctorate degrees: PhD, EdD*, EngD, DNursSci, DBA, DD, DSc, DLitt, DA, DMA, DMus, DCL, ThD, PharmD, DrPH, DPT, DPhil, DOM, OMD, PsyD, DSW, LL.D, J.S.D. and S.J.D.

Abbreviations for degrees can place the level either before or after the faculty or discipline, depending on the institution. For example, DSc and ScD both stand for the (higher) doctorate in science. Various other abbreviations also vary between institutions, for instance BS and BSc both stand for 'Bachelor of Science'. An associates degree is a degree awarded by community colleges, junior colleges and some bachelors degree-granting colleges and universities in Canada and the United States upon completion of a course of study equivalent to the first two years in a four-year college or university. ... Motto: E pluribus unum (1789 to 1956) (Latin: Out of Many, One) In God We Trust (1956 to present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at federal level; English de facto Government  â€¢ President  â€¢ Vice President Federal republic George... Look up AA, Aa, and aa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... ABS is a TLA (acronym) for: Atlanta Blue Sky, a popular internet radio station A popular clothing brand by Allen B. Schwartz Anti-lock braking system Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, a plastic Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australias official statistical organization American Bureau of Shipping American Bible Society Anchor Bible Series... AS, As, aS, or as may stand for: // AS Acquisition Strategy, a High-level business and technical management approach designed to achieve program objectives within specified resource constraints. ... The Foundation Degree is a vocational qualification introduced by the UK government in September 2001. ... For an explanation of terms like England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom see British Isles (terminology) Motto: Dieu et mon droit (Royal motto) (French for God and my right)3 Anthem: God Save the Queen4 Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English de facto 5 Government Monarch Prime... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three or four years. ... Look up AB in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A and B are the first 2 letters of the Latin alphabet. ... BA or Ba may stand for: // Abbreviations Bachelor of Arts, see Bachelors degree barium (Ba), the chemical symbol for the chemical element Bashkir language (ISO 639 alpha-2, ba) Boston and Albany Railroad (AAR reporting mark BA) Corporations & institutions Boeing Company (stock symbol) British Airways British Association for the... A Bachelor of Commerce is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a curriculum that generally lasts three years in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom or four years in North America. ... Be or be may stand for: Be (Cyrillic): a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet To be: A verb in the English language which fulfils the syntactic function of the copula; on its irregular paradigm, see Indo-European copula Be Incorporated: the software company that developed the BeOS operating system Belarusian... BS or bs is an abbreviation with multiple meanings, including: Bahamas (ISO country code) The Swiss canton of Basel-Stadt Bristol: BS is the United Kingdom post code for the region in western England which is served by Bristol postal sorting office. ... BSC is an abbreviation for: Bachelor of Science - ususally written BSc (academic degree) Barcelona Supercomputing Center Base Station Controller (part of a GSM mobile phone network) BSC-protocol - standard for computer communication developed by IBM The British Society of Cinematographers Birmingham-Southern College - Birmingham-Southern College basic - represents theoretical exact... The Bachelor of Fine Arts, or BFA, or B.F.A. is an undergraduate degree. ... G90 g0 x0 y0 z0 g1 x100 y10 m2 ... The degree of Bachelor of Laws is the principal academic degree in law in most common law countries. ... BM may stand for: Bambara language (ISO 639 alpha-2, bm) Bermuda, (ISO country code, BM) Bolinder-Munktell, now a part of the Volvo brand as Volvo BM. See http://zip. ... mb, Mb, and MB may stand for: Bachelor of Medicine (academic degree) Honda MB is a Honda 50cc motorcycle from the early 80s. ... BBA can stand for: A Bachelor of Business Administration degree A Bus company, from the Netherlands. ... Bachelor of Engineering (BE or BEng) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded to a student after four or five years of studying engineering at an accredited college or university in the United States and other countries, such as Australia. ... mb, Mb, and MB may stand for: Bachelor of Medicine (academic degree) Honda MB is a Honda 50cc motorcycle from the early 80s. ... SB may mean: Bachelor of Science, from the Latin Scientiae baccalaureus Saint Pierre and Miquelon: FIPS PUB 10-4 territory code Santa Barbara, California Shadowbane, an MMORPG Simultaneous Broadcast, in television Skagensbanen, a Danish railway company (now merged into Nordjyske Jernbaner) SÅ‚użba BezpieczeÅ„stwa, the former Polish secret... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate or graduate course of one to three years in duration. ... MA may stand for: a common Chinese last name megaampere M.A. Can stand for Marijuana Anonymous, a fellowship of recovering Marijuana addicts similar to Alcoholics Anonymous. ... ms may stand for: An SI unit of time, the millisecond Ms may stand for: A female title, Ms. ... MSC can stand for: Marine Stewardship Council Masters of Science (usually MSc). ... MST can be: the abbreviation for Micro Systems Technology the abbreviation for Martian Standard Time on planet Mars the abbreviation for the time zone Mountain Standard Time in the United States of America the IATA airport code for Maastricht Aachen Airport in the Netherlands the abbreviation for the Madison Symmetric... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Law School. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate course of one or two years in duration. ... Alternate uses: see MFA (disambiguation) Master of Fine Arts (MFA) is a graduate degree in an area of applied or performing arts typically requiring two to three years of study beyond the Bachelors level. ... MTS may stand for: Machine and Tractor Station, in the Soviet Union Manitoba Telecom Services Manual Tone Shift Mercato dei Titoli di Stato, colloquially known as the Telematico, the main Eurozone government bond electronic trading system Metre-tonne-second system of units, more commonly written mts Michigan Terminal System, a... Master of Divinity is a common degree among theological seminaries and is considered the minimum academic requirement for ordination into pastoral ministry. ... Master of Business Administration (MBA) is a tertiary degree in business management. ... MPA is a TLA that may mean: MasterPaulAnne Macedonian Press Agency Marine Protected Area Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad (AAR reporting mark MPA) Master of Public Administration Motion Picture Association Morgan_Park_Academy This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages... MSW is an acronym that may stand for any of the following: in academia and as a title, Master of Social Work a sub-discipline of social work, medical social work in computing, MicroSoft Windows (where the acronym is pronounced as /mεswʊ/ or /mʌswʊ/ in the IPA) This is a... The MLIS is the masters degree required for most professional librarian positions. ... A Master of Letters (M.Litt. ... Miles per hour is a unit of speed, expressing the number of international miles covered per hour. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... MPT or Mpt may mean: Microwave power transmission, the practice of using microwaves to transmit power without the need for wires Modern portfolio theory in finance and financial economics This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... An MRE packet, containing a main course or entrée of spaghetti with meat sauce. ... The Master of Laws is an advanced law degree that allows someone to specialize in a particular area of law. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... A Master of Mathematics (or MMath) degree is a specific masters degree for courses in the the field of mathematics. ... The Master of Music (M.M. or M.Mus. ... A Master of Social Science (MSSc) is a taught Masters degree in the United Kingdom. ... G90 g0 x0 y0 z0 g1 x100 y10 m2 ... Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil. ... The Specialist Degree is most often found in programs in specialized education and is awarded for study beyond the masters degree but below the doctorate. ... The degree of Bachelor of Accountancy is the principal academic degree in Accountancy. ... A doctorate is an academic degree of the highest level. ... PhD usually refers to the academic title Doctor of Philosophy PhD can also refer to the manga Phantasy Degree This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... EDD can stand for: Electronic Direct Democracy, as referenced in e-democracy Europe of Democracies and Diversities The name of a fictional character in the cartoon series Ed, Edd n Eddy This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... DBA has several meanings: database administrator (or analyst) De Bellis Antiquitatis, a tabletop wargame. ... DD may stand for: A brassiere size Defeating Deafness Designated driver, a person who does not drink at a party and drives others home safely Digital Drivel, a highly successful message board which later became Arrogance Forums Divinitatis Doctor, Latin for Doctor of Divinity (theology) Dolby Digital, the trademark for... DSC might be an acronym or abbreviation for: differential scanning calorimeter differential scanning calorimetry digital selective calling DSc - A Doctor of Science document structure convention (PostScript programming) Distinguished Service Cross (USA) - an American military award. ... Da may refer to: Adi Da, a spiritual leader once known as Da Free John, and Da Love-Ananda Yes (word), in Russian, Bulgarian and Romanian Da, a main character in the Northern Ireland comedy series Give My Head Peace A corrupt version of the word the, as in da... DMA can refer to: In computing: Direct Memory Access (most common) Dynamic memory allocation Document Management Alliance DMA Design - The former name of Rockstar North, a game developer Digital media adapter - In consumer electronics, for use between computers and other equipment (stereos, TVs, etc. ... DCL may be: Data Control Language DIGITAL Command Language Doctor of Civil Law Also, an abbreviation for Deep Creek Lake, Maryland. ... The PharmD (Doctor of Pharmacy) is an entry-level professional degree for pharmacy, offered by ACPE accredited schools of pharmacy. ... DPT is an abbreviation. ... Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... In computing, DOM means Document Object Model DOM refers to delete-operator-message, a macro used in computer programming. ... Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark or OMD were a Liverpool synth pop musical ensemble which recorded for Virgin Records (originally for Virgins DinDisc subsidiary). ... DSW may refer to: Deep South Wrestling, a professional wrestling promotion Deep South Wrestling, LLC, a professional wrestling promotion subsidiary of World Wrestling Entertainment Designer Shoe Warehouse The German School (Deutsche Schule) of Washington DC This is a disambiguation page—a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Legum Doctor (English: Doctor of Laws; abbreviated to LL.D.) In the UK the LL.D. is a higher doctorate awarded on the basis of exceptionally insightful and distinctive publications, containing significant and original contributions to the science or study of law. ... Legum Doctor (English: Doctor of Laws; abbreviated to LL.D.) In the UK and Canada the LL.D. is a doctorate usually awarded on the basis of exceptionally insightful and distinctive publications, containing significant and original contributions to the science or study of law. ... Legum Doctor (English: Doctor of Laws; abbreviated to LL.D.) In the UK and Canada the LL.D. is a doctorate usually awarded on the basis of exceptionally insightful and distinctive publications, containing significant and original contributions to the science or study of law. ...

There are various conventions for indicating degrees and diplomas after one's name. In some cultures it is usual to give only the highest degree. In others, it is usual to give the full sequence, in some cases giving abbreviations also for the discipline, the institution, and (where it applies) the level of honours. In another variation, a 'rule of subsumption' often shortens the list and may obscure the chronology evident from a full listing. Thus 'MSc BA' means that the degrees conferred were - in chronological order - BSc, BA, MSc. The subsumption rule reflects the principle that a person of a given high status does not separately belong to the lower status. For member institutions of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, there is a standard list of abbreviations, but in practise many variations are used. Most notable is the use of the Latin abbreviations 'Oxon.' and 'Cantab.' for the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, in spite of these having been superseded by English 'Oxf.' and 'Camb.' (Other Latin abbreviations include Cantuar. for the University of Kent at Canterbury, and Ebor. for the University of York.) Confusion results from the widespread use of 'SA' for the University of South Australia (instead of S.Aust.) because 'SA' was officially assigned to the University of South Africa; and the use of 'York' instead of 'YorkU' by graduates of York University in Canada.

The doubling of letters in LL.B., LL.M., LL.D. is because these degrees are in laws, not law. The doubled letter indicates the Latin plural legum as opposed to the singular legis. Abbreviations for the degrees in surgery Ch.B. and Ch.M. are from Latin chiruguriae and often indicate a university system patterned after Scottish models. The combination of M.B. with Ch.B. arose from a need to graduate the students at the time of year allocated to graduation rituals, but the legal inability to confer the M.B. before they had been properly approved by professional regulatory bodies. Thus the Ch.B. was conferred first, and the M.B. was conferred later, after registration, and without ceremony. In recent times the two have come to be conferred together and are widely (mis)understood to constitute a single degree.

*Note: In the U.S., despite its name, the J.D. degree is not a doctoral level degree. It is a first professional degree and does not confer the title of doctor. While normally taken after a bachelors-level degree, neither is the J.D. a masters-level degree. The LL.M., which is earned after the J.D., is a masters-level law degree. The S.J.D. (Doctor of Juridical Science) is considered a doctoral-level degree and is the highest American degree in law. Also, in the U.S., holders of the EdD (doctor of education) are considered "doctorally prepared" only within the field of education (see, for example, AACSB rules for accreditation). It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Law School. ...

#Note: Despite their names, the Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL) and the Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil) offered at Oxford University are both advanced master's degrees (in law and philosophy respectively). Bachelor of Civil Law or B.C.L. is the name of the degree given in civil law jurisdictions to graduates of a faculty of law in a university. ... Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...

In some countries, such as Australia, a diploma is a specific academic award that is sometimes not considered to be an academic degree. It is usually signified by a sash rather than an academic hood, the latter being used only for those of graduate status.

Australia has several different kinds of diplomas: Diplomas, Advanced Diplomas, Graduate Diplomas and Postgraduate Diplomas. The system is not without anomalies, due largely to the different traditions of individual insitutions and partly to anomalies in the Australian Qualfications Framework. A Diploma is usually equivalent to the first year of a Bachelor's degree, although a few have been similar to Bachelor of Arts degrees and permit direct admission to graduate programs.

An Australian Advanced Diploma is usually considered lower than a Bachelor degree, but may qualify its holder for higher advanced placement in a Bachelor program, direct admission to a Graduate Diploma course or direct admission to a Masters program.

Graduate Diplomas are always higher than a Bachelor degree, and usually require one year of full-time study. They are often an additional course taken after a standard Bachelor degree to introduce a specialisation in a particular field or a new discipline. For example, Australian school teachers often study for a bachelor's degree in Arts or Science, then in an additional year complete requirements for a Graduate Diploma of Education, which qualifies them as school teachers. Some Graduate Diplomas are simply the first two semesters of a three- or four-semester Master's program. (In the past, the Graduate Diploma of Education was called the Diploma of Education.)

Some universities have issued Post-graduate Diplomas, which are always in the same discipline as the undergraduate degree, and generally no different from a Bachelor with Honours degree, which requires one year after a regular Bacelor degree.

In Ireland a National Diploma is below the standard of the honours bachelor degree, whilst the Higher Diploma is taken after the bachelor degree. The National Diploma (NDip) (Irish: Dioplóma Náisiúnta) is a three year ab initio specialised higher education qualification in a technology discipline offered by an Institute of Technology or other HETAC designated institution in the Republic of Ireland. ... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course that generally lasts three or four years. ... The Graduate Diploma or Higher Diploma in Ireland is a postgraduate award taken after a Bachelors degree. ...

More technically, a diploma is a document attesting that its bearer has satisfied certain study requirements, as opposed to a degree being a status level in the academic community. For this reason, diplomas are 'awarded to' the recipient while degrees are 'conferred upon' the graduand who then becomes a graduate, or the graduand is "admitted to" a degree. Similarly a person 'has' a diploma, but a graduate 'is in' a status. It is also for this reason that study for diplomas can be at undergraduate or advanced level.

In the British Commonwealth universities, bachelors' and masters' degrees conferred in 'Philosophy' usually indicate a shift of discipline. For example, a Bachelor of Arts in English may pursue studies for the Master of Arts degree in English but may be prevented from enrolling to study for the M.A. degree in French through not satisfying the formal prequisites. However, the M.Phil. degree course can be customised to allow the same intellectual endpoint as the MA in French. The B.Phil. degree can indicate studies equivalent to satisfying an extra major for the BA, or can indicate higher studies comparable to the masters' level.

Bachelors' and masters' degrees can be conferred 'with honours' in various classes and divisions, or 'with distinction'. This is indicated by the abbreviation '(Hons)' and is often a prerequisite for progression to a higher level of study.

In Germany, there are several academic degrees. The lowest degree is the Bachelor (equivalent to a English Bachelor (hons.)), the (equivalent) Diplom (FH) or Diplom I. After that follows the Diplom II, Diplom (University), the Magister (in humanities) or the Master. After a Diplom II, Diplom (University), a Magister or a Master students can proceed to a doctorate. The highest academic degree in Germany is the Habilitation. A bachelor is an unmarried but marriageable man; some restrict the usage to men who have never been married. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view. ... Master is a term that indicates a person from stanton). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Habilitation is a term used within the university system in Germany, Austria, and some other European countries such as the German-speaking part of Switzerland, in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Russia, and other countries of former Soviet Union, such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Kirgizstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, etc. ...

The situation in Austria is similar to the situation in Germany: The students get a Diploma as well, but they graduate either with a Magister degree or with a Diploma. This depends on the faculty: arts, sciences and fine arts earn a Magister degree, while technical sciences get a Diploma in engineering. So the degree that, for example, an Information Technology student earns is "Diplom-Ingenieur".

See also

• ad eundem degree
• Degrees of Oxford University
• Lambeth degrees
• Education by country
• Higher education
• Honorary degree
• European higher education area
• Lisbon recognition convention

An ad eundem degree is a courtesy degree awarded by one university or college to an alumnus of another. ... This article concerns the Degrees of Oxford University. ... Lambeth degrees are awarded by the Archbishop of Canterbury, under the authority of the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533 (25 Hen VIII c 21) (Eng). ... This is a list of articles on education organized by country: Education in Afghanistan Education in Albania Education in Algeria Education in Argentina Education in Australia Education in Austria Education in Belgium Education in Brazil Education in Bulgaria Education in Canada Education in Québec Education in the Peoples... Higher education is education provided by universities and other institutions that award academic degrees, such as community colleges, and liberal arts colleges. ... An Honorary Degree (Latin: honoris causa ad gradum) is an extra-ordinary academic degree awarded to an individual as a decoration, rather than as the result of matriculating and studying for several years. ... The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is the objective of the Bologna process - to create more comparable, compatible and coherent systems of higher education in Europe. ... The Lisbon Recognition Convention is an international convention for the Europe area of UNESCO. It stipulates that degrees and periods of study must be recognised unless substantial differences can be proven by the institution that is charged with recognition. ...