Union Oil Company of California and Unocal Corporation
Type	Defunct
Founded	1890
Headquarters	Los Angeles, California
Key people	Lyman Stewart, co-founder Thomas Bard, co-founder Wallace Hardison, co-founder
Industry	Oil and Gas

Union Oil Company of California, dba Unocal was incorporated in California in 1890. On August 10, 2005, Unocal merged with Chevron Corporation and became a wholly owned subsidiary. Image File history File links Unocal_Logo. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... d Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... One of the original founders and owners of the Union Oil Company of California (currently known as Unocal). ... Thomas Robert Bard (December 8, 1841–March 5, 1915) was a political leader in California, assisting in the organization of Ventura County and representing the state in the United States Senate from 1900 to 1905. ... This is a list of petroleum companies. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX) is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ...

Union 76 gasoline is no longer sold by the company, which sold its western United States refining and marketing operations in 1997 to Tosco Corporation, which was later acquired by ConocoPhillips. Traditional Union 76 in Rocklin, California(2003) Three bays for auto service, and eight fuel dispensers; four serving diesel. ... Tosco (The Oil Shale COrporation) was an independent U.S. based petroleum refining and marketing corporation. ... ConocoPhillips (NYSE: COP) is an international energy company with its headquarters located in Houston, Texas. ...

History

The company was founded on October 17, 1890, when it was incorporated in Santa Paula, California, as the Union Oil Company of California. The company was formed by the merger of co-founders Lyman Stewart, Thomas Bard, and Wallace Hardison's holdings. Union Oil moved its headquarters to Los Angeles in 1901. The original headquarters in Santa Paula is a California Historical Landmark. is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Santa Paula is a city within Ventura County, California, United States. ... One of the original founders and owners of the Union Oil Company of California (currently known as Unocal). ... Thomas Robert Bard (December 8, 1841–March 5, 1915) was a political leader in California, assisting in the organization of Ventura County and representing the state in the United States Senate from 1900 to 1905. ... d Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Santa Paula Hardware Company Building, located in Santa Paula, California and more commonly referred to as the Union Oil Company Building, is significant for its historical importance as the birthplace of the Union Oil Company on October 17, 1890. ... California Historical Landmarks (CHLs) are buildings, structures, sites, or places in the state of California that have been determined to have statewide historical significance by meeting at least one of the criteria listed below: approved for designation by the County Board of Supervisors or the City/Town Council in whose...

The company expanded to national status in 1965, when Union Oil merged with the Pure Oil Company, headquartered in Schaumburg, Illinois. Over the next two decades, Union became the major oil producer in southern Alaska and a major natural gas producer in the Gulf of Mexico. The company was reorganized in 1983 and Union Oil Company of California became an operating subsidiary of a new Delaware-based holding company, Unocal Corporation. However, virtually all operations are conducted by Union Oil Company of California (Union Oil). Coordinates: , Incorporated March 7, 1956 Government  - Village President Al Larson Area  - Village 49. ... Official language(s) English[1] Spoken language(s) English 85. ... Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane but including significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen sulfide. ... Gulf of Mexico in 3D perspective. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ...

In 1997, the company sold its western United States refining and marketing operations to Tosco Corporation, however, the rights to the Union 76 brand name were retained by Unocal. Tosco was later acquired by Phillips Petroleum who later merged with Conoco to form ConocoPhillips. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... ConocoPhillips (NYSE: COP) is an international energy company with its headquarters located in Houston, Texas. ...

In 1989, Unocal placed its midwest refining and marketing assets, including Union's 150,000 barrel per day refinery in Lemont, Illinois into a fifty-fifty joint venture with Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (P.D.V.S.A.). The joint venture, known as The Uno-Ven Company was headquartered in Arlington Heights, Illinois and primarily comprised of employees from Union Oil's then Schaumburg, Illinois division headquarters and Lemont, Illinois refinery. The joint venture was dissolved in 1997, with P.D.V.S.A. receiving full ownership. During the life of the joint venture, the familiar Union 76 brand name continued in full force. At the termination of the joint venture, most stations were converted to Citgo, which is controlled by P.D.V.S.A.. Incorporated Village in 1873. ... Incorporated Village in 1836. ... Coordinates: , Incorporated March 7, 1956 Government  - Village President Al Larson Area  - Village 49. ... Incorporated Village in 1873. ... Citgo Petroleum Corporation or Citgo, a subsidiary of Petróleos de Venezuela S.A., the Venezuelan state-owned petroleum company, is a United States-incorporated firm refiner and marketer of gasoline, lubricants, petrochemicals and other petroleum products. ...

In September 1998, "[Robert Benson] and a coalition of more than 30 public interest organizations filed a petition calling on the attorney general (AG) of California to revoke the charter of Union Oil of California (Unocal)", charter revocation also being known as corporate death. "The attorney general's office rejected the petition a scant five days after it was filed. Delivered on a Thursday, it was rejected the following Tuesday — hardly sufficient time to review a 127-page document that cited 24 state and federal laws, 45 cases, and 40 international laws. 'We got a three-sentence rejection that a court can clearly reverse as arbitrary and capricious,' Benson said, as he made plans to appeal." [1]

In April 2005, the company agreed to a merger with ChevronTexaco (now Chevron); however, in June of that year, the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) made a rival $18.5 billion bid. Although itself valued at only $22 billion, as a state-owned enterprise of the People's Republic of China CNOOC had the backing of the Chinese government.[2] The United States House of Representatives overwhelmingly passed a non-binding resolution urging President George W. Bush to "review" the bid citing national security concerns. The Chinese government retorted that ChevronTexaco ought to raise its bid rather than try to block the deal through political channels, and the Financial Times observed that ChevronTexaco had donated campaign funds to a number of Congressmen. ChevronTexaco Corporation ( NYSE: CVX) is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ... China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) HKEx: 0883 (中国海洋石油总公司) is the third-largest National Oil Company (NOC) in the Peoples Republic of China next to CNPC, Sinopec. ... A government corporation or government-owned corporation is a legal entity created by a government to exercise some of the powers of the government. ... The United States House of Representatives (or simply the House) is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... The Financial Times (FT) is an international business newspaper printed on distinctive salmon pink broadsheet paper. ...

In the event, CNOOC soon dropped its bid. The Unocal-Chevron merger was accepted on July 19, 2005, and completed on August 10, 2005. is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Operations

Central Asia

Unocal was one of the key players in the CentGas consortium, an attempt to build the Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline to run from the Caspian area, through Afghanistan and probably Pakistan, to the Indian Ocean. One of the consultants to Unocal at that time was Zalmay Khalilzad, now US ambassador to Iraq. The CentGas pipeline was not built, due to inability of CentGas and the Taliban to come to a mutually acceptable economic understanding. Shortly thereafter, the US invaded Afghanistan, removing Taliban control from Afghanistan and making moot the question of their remuneration. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline (TAP) is a proposed natural gas pipeline, being developed by the Asian Development Bank. ... The Caspian Sea (Russian: Каспийское море; Kazakh: Каспий теңізі; Turkmen: Hazar deňizi; Azeri: XÉ™zÉ™r dÉ™nizi; Persian: دریای خزر Daryā-ye Khazar) is the largest lake on Earth by area[2], with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers (143,244 sq mi) and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers (18... Dr. Zalmay Mamozy Khalilzad (Pashtu/Persian: ‎ ) (born 22 March 1951) is the U.S. Ambassador to Iraq. ... The Taliban (Pashto: , stupid or seekers of ignorance) are a fundamentalist Sunni Muslim and ethnic Pashtun movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by American aerial bombardment and Northern Alliance ground forces. ...

Unocal is also the third largest member of the recently completed and opened Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline from the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline (sometimes abbreviated as BTC pipeline) transports crude petroleum 1,776 km from the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. ... The Caspian Sea (Russian: Каспийское море; Kazakh: Каспий теңізі; Turkmen: Hazar deňizi; Azeri: XÉ™zÉ™r dÉ™nizi; Persian: دریای خزر Daryā-ye Khazar) is the largest lake on Earth by area[2], with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers (143,244 sq mi) and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers (18... Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ...

Myanmar

Unocal, along with Total S.A., was charged with numerous human rights violations in the construction of the Yadana Pipeline in Myanmar, also known as Burma. Since 1988, Myanmar has been governed by a military junta. The pipeline consortium (which included Unocal) employed the Burmese military, according to the company, to protect the pipeline from insurgents and terrorists. The Burmese soldiers have been accused by villagers in the vicinity of the pipeline of torture, rape and forced labor. Unocal has condemned these actions and points out that the company does not control the Burmese military and did not hire them to police residents. Total S.A. (Euronext: FP, NYSE: TOT) is a French oil company headquartered in Paris, France. ... When a government violates national or international law related to the protection of human rights, this is termed a human rights violation. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Augusto Pinochet (sitting) was an army general who led a military coup in Chile in 1973. ... A high-ranking generals villa overlooking the golf course in Kalaw. ... An insurgency is an armed rebellion against a constituted authority, by any irregular armed force that rises up against an enforced or established authority, government, or administration. ... Terrorism refers to the use of violence for the purpose of achieving a political, religious, or ideological goal. ... Torture is defined by the United Nations Convention Against Torture as any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he...

Unocal is the defendant in legal action brought in the United States under the Alien Tort Claims Act of 1789, a law originally designed to aid victims of pirates. The United States Department of Justice has taken measures to oppose use of the law in human rights cases, and business groups have lobbied the U.S. Congress to repeal the law. It is said to interfere with U.S. foreign relations. This would nullify all pending lawsuits filed under the act. Plaintiffs and Unocal settled the lawsuits against Unocal for an unspecified amount in April, 2005. The Alien Tort Statute, 28 U.S.C. Sec. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Victim was the title of a British film made in 1961, directed by Basil Deardon and starring Dirk Bogarde and Sylvia Simms. ... Pirates may refer to: A group of people committing any of these activities: Piracy at sea or on a river/lake. ... DOJ headquarters in Washington, D.C. Justice Department redirects here. ... Congress in Joint Session. ... This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. ...

See also

• Unocal Corp. v. Mesa Petroleum Co., 493 A.2d 946 (Del. 1985).

Unocal v. ...

References

• Eviatar, Daphne (May 9, 2005). A Big Win for Human Rights. The Nation.

• Global Business vs. Global Justice NOW with Bill Moyers, Jan. 9, 2004.

• Howard, John E. (Oct. 2002). The Alien Tort Claims Act: Is Our Litigation-Run-Amok Going Global?. Retrieved Oct. 6, 2005.

• Unocal. The story you haven't heard about. . . The Yadana Project in Myanmar Retrieved Oct. 6, 2005.

• Zagaris, Bruce (October 2002). US Asks US Court to Stop Human Rights Suit by Indonesian Villagers Against ExxonMobil for Counterterrorism Purposes. International Enforcement Law Reporter.

External links

• http://www.unocal.com/
• Save the 76 Ball website.