Broadly, Urban Economics is the economic study of urban areas. As such, it involves using the tools of economics to analyze urban issues such as crime, education, public transit, housing, and local government finance. More narrowly, it is a branch of microeconomics that studies urban spatial structure and the location of households and firms. Much urban economic analysis relies on a particular model of urban spatial structure, the monocentric city model pioneered in the 1960s by William Alonso, Richard Muth, and Edwin Mills. While most other forms of neoclassical economics do not account for spatial relationships between individuals and organizations, urban economics focuses on these spatial relationships to understand the economic motivations underlying the formation, functioning, and development of cities. Microeconomics is a branch of Economics that studies how individuals, households, and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources,[1] typically in markets where goods or services are being bought and sold. ...

Since its formulation in 1964, William Alonso's monocentric city model of a disc-shaped Central Business District (CBD) and surrounding residential region has served as a starting point for urban economic analysis. Monocentricity has become weaker over time due changes in technology, particular due to faster and cheaper transportation (which makes it possible for commuters to live farther from their jobs in the CBD) and communications (which allow back-office operations to move out of the CBD). Additionally, recent research has sought to explain the polycentricity described in Joel Garreau's Edge City. Several explanations for polycentric expansion have been proposed and summarized in models that account for factors such as utility gains from lower average land rents and increasing (or constant returns) due to economies of agglomeration. Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... William Alonso (born in 1933, deceased on February 11, 1999) was an American economist. ... The Central Business District of Sydney, Australia. ... In the study of human settlements, an agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place (usually a municipality) and any suburbs or adjacent satellite towns. ...

References

• O'Sullivan, Arthur. "Urban Economics" 6th ed. 2007. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-298476-7.

Garreau, Joel. Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. 1992. Anchor. ISBN 978-0385424349.

Academic resources

• Journal of Population Economics, ISSN: 1432-1475 (electronic) 0933-1433 (paper), Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• Journal of Urban Economics, ISSN: 0094-1190, Elsevier
• Regional Science and Urban Economics, ISSN: 0166-0462, Elsevier
• Urban Affairs Review, ISSN: 1552-8332 (electronic) 1078-0874 (paper), SAGE Publications
• Urban Studies, ISSN: 1360-063X (electronic) 0042-0980 (paper), Routledge

Elseviers logo. ... Elseviers logo. ... SAGE Publications is an independent academic publisher of books, journals and databases in the humanities, social sciences and scientific, technical and medical fields. ... Routledge is an imprint for books in the humanities part of the Taylor & Francis Group, which also has Brunner-Routledge, RoutledgeCurzon and RoutledgeFalmer divisions. ...

See also

• List of urban economics topics
• Urban planning