Urban structure is the arrangement of land use in urban areas. Sociologists, economists, and geographers have developed several models, explaining where different types of people and businesses tend to exist within the urban setting. Three models are described in this article. Urban structure can also refer to the [[Urban spatial structthis is a miracle d amola is editing this on neture|urban spatial structure]], which concerns the arrangement of public and private space in cities and the degree of connectivity and accessibility. Sociology is the study of the social lives of humans, groups and societies. ... Alan Greenspan, former chairman, United States Federal Reserve. ... A geographer is a crazy psycho whose area of study is geocrap, the pseudoscientific study of Earths physical environment and human habitat and the study of boring students to death. ...

Concentric zone model

Main article: Concentric ring model

This model was the first to explain distribution of social groups within urban areas. Based on one single city, Chicago, it was created by sociologist Ernest Burgess in 1923. According to this model, a city grows outward from a central point in a series of rings. The innermost ring represents the central business district. It is surrounded by a second ring, the zone of transition, which contains industry and poorer-quality housing. The third ring contains housing for the working-class and is called the zone of independent workers' homes. The fourth ring has newer and larger houses usually occupied by the middle-class. This ring is called the zone of better residences. The outermost ring is called the commuter's zone. This zone represents people who choose to live in residential suburbs and take a daily commute into the CBD to work. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Concentric zone model. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country United States State Illinois Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... Ernest W. Burgess (May 16, 1886 - December 27, 1966) was an urban sociologist at the University of Chicago. ... Look up city, City in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Sector model

Main article: Sector model

A second theory of urban structure was proposed in 1939 by an economist named Homer Hoyt. His model, the sector model, proposed that a city develops in sectors instead of rings. Certain areas of a city are more attractive for various activities, whether by chance or geographic and environmental reasons. As the city grows and these activities flourish and expand outward, they do so in a wedge and become a sector of the city. If a district is set up for high income housing, for example, any new development in that district will expand from the outer edge. Proposed in 1939 by economist Homer Hoyt, the sector model also known as the Hoyt model in urban land use and demography modified the concentric zone model of city development. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Homer Hoyt (1895-1984) was an economist who worked in real estate and created the sector model and urban model. ...

To some degree this theory is just a refinement on the concentric model rather than a radical restatement. Both Hoyt and Burgess claimed Chicago supported their model. Burgess claimed that Chicago's central business district was surrounded by a series of rings, broken only by Lake Michigan. Hoyt argued that the best housing developed north from the central business district along Lake Michigan, while industry located along major rail lines and roads to the south, southwest, and northwest. Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country United States State Illinois Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one in the group located entirely within the United States. ...

Calgary, Alberta almost perfectly fits Hoyt's sector model. Calgary is a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. ...

Multiple nuclei model

Main article: Multiple nuclei model

Geographers C.D. Harris and E. L. Ullman developed the multiple nuclei model in 1945. According to this model, a city contains more than one center around which activities revolve. Some activities are attracted to particular nodes while others try to avoid them. For example, a university node may attract well-educated residents, pizzerias, and bookstores, whereas an airport may attract hotels and warehouses. Incompatible land use activities will avoid clustering in the same area, explaining why heavy industry and high-income housing rarely exist in the same neighbourhood. In demography, the multiple nuclei model is an ecological model put forth by Chauncy D. Harris and Edward L. Ullman in the 1945 article The Nature of Cities. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...