Urban warfare is a modern warfare conducted in urban areas such as towns and cities. As a distinction, warfare conducted in population centers before the 20th century is generally considered siege warfare. Many of the authors that served in various real-life wars (and survived) wrote stories that are at least somewhat based on their own experiences. ... This is a partial list of battles that have entries in Wikipedia. ... This is a list of civil wars. ... . ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This is a list of missions, operations, and projects. ... The 1453 Siege of Constantinople (painted 1499) A siege is a prolonged military assault and blockade on a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition. ... This page contains a list of military raids, not including air raids, sorted by the date at which they started: 1259 Mongol raid into Lithuania 1565, August 26th Chaseabout Raid 1575, July 7th Raid of the Redeswire 1582, August 27th Raid of Ruthven 1667, June 6th Raid on the Medway... This page contains a list of military tactics: // Identification of objectives Concentration of effort Exploiting prevailing weather Exploiting night Maintenance of reserve forces Economy of force Force protection Force dispersal Military Camouflage Deception Perfidy False flag Electronic countermeasures Electronic counter-counter-measures Radio silence Fortification Fieldworks (entrenchments) Over Head Protection... See also list of military writers. ... This is a list of lists of wars, sorted by country, date, region, and type of conflict. ... This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... . ... There are a bewildering array of weapons, far more than would be useful in list form. ... This is a list of military writers, alphabetical by last name. ... Crowded Shibuya, Tokyo shopping district An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... Ronda, Spain Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town A town is a community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. ... Look up city, City in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition, often accompanied by an assault. ...

Urban combat is very different from combat in the open at both the operational and tactical level. Complicating factors in urban warfare are the presence of civilians and buildings of all sorts. Some civilians may be difficult to disinguish from combatants such as armed militias and gangs, particularly if individuals are trying to protect their homes. Tactics are complicated by a three-dimensional environment, limited fields of view and fire because of buildings, enhanced concealment and cover for defenders, below ground infrastructure, and the ease of placement of booby traps and snipers. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Military tactics (Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army) are the collective name for methods for engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. ... In times of armed conflict a civilian is any person who is not a combatant. ... Lexington Minuteman representing militia minuteman John Parker. ... A gang is a group of individuals who share a common identity and, in current usage, engage in illegal activities. ... The space we live in is three-dimensional space. ... The field of view is the part of the observable world that is seen at any given moment. ... This article is about an antipersonnel trap designed for use against humans. ... Arkansas Army National Guard soldiers practice sniper marksmanship at their firing range near Baghdad, Iraq on February 15, 2005. ...

The United States military term for urban warfare is MOUT, an abbreviation for Military Operations in Urban Terrain. The British military term is FIBUA (Fighting in Built-Up Areas), although it has been called OBUA (Operations in Built-Up Areas) and, unofficially, FISH and CHIPS (Fighting in Someone's House and Causing Havoc in People's Streets).^[1] The term FOFO (Fighting in Fortified Objectives) refers to clearing enemy personnel from narrow and entrenched places like bunkers, trenches and strongholds; the dismantling of mines and wires; and the securing of footholds in enemy areas. The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ... The armed forces of the United Kingdom are known as the British Armed Forces or Her Majestys Armed Forces, officially the Armed Forces of the Crown. ...

Operations

Military operations in World War II often relied on large quantities of artillery fire and air support varying from ground attack fighters to heavy bombers. In some particularly vicious urban warfare operations such as Stalingrad and Warsaw, all weapons were used irrespective of their consequences. However, when liberating occupied territory some restraint was often applied, particularly in urban settings. For example, Canadian operations in both Ortona and Groningen avoided the use of artillery altogether to spare civilians and buildings.^[2] Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Artillery with Gabion fortification Cannons on display at Fort Point Continental Artillery crew from the American Revolution Firing of an 18-pound gun, Louis-Philippe Crepin, (1772 – 1851) A forge-welded Iron Cannon in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. ... Combatants 1st Canadian Infantry Division 5th Canadian Armoured Division 3rd battalion, 3rd Regt, German 1st Parachute Division Commanders Major General Chris Vokes Generalleutnant Richard Heidrich Strength  ? 1 Battalion Casualties Canadian 1375 dead 964 wounded[1] German ? The Battle of Ortona (December 20, 1943 to December 27, 1943) was a small... The Battle of Groningen took place during the final month of the Second World War, from April 13th to April 16th 1945 in the city of Groningen between a mixture of German soldiers, Dutch and Belgian SS troops numbering 6,000 and the entire 2nd Canadian Infantry Division. ...

Armies are bound by laws of war governing military necessity to the amount of force which can be applied when attacking an area where there are known to be civilians. Until the 1970s this was covered by customary law and IV Hague Convention "The Laws and Customs of War on Land" of 1907 and specifically articles 25-29. This has since been suplemented by the "Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International and Non-International Armed Conflicts". Sometimes distinction and proportionality, as in the case of the Canadians in Ortona causes the attacking force to restrain from using all the force they could when attacking a city. In other cases such as the Battle of Stalingrad the Germans considered evacuating civilians, as did the Soviets in the Battle of Berlin but in both cases it proved to be impractical.^[3] When the Russian attack on Grozny, in which large amounts of artillery fire were used. The Russian Army handled the issue of civilian casualties by warning that the city would be levelled and that any civilian should leave the city before the attack began.^[4] Also see Yugoslav Army's/Serb attacks on Vukovar, Croatia in 1991. The two parts of the laws of war (or Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)): Law concerning acceptable practices while engaged in war, like the Geneva Conventions, is called jus in bello; while law concerning allowable justifications for armed force is called jus ad bellum. ... Military necessity along with distinction, and proportionality are three important principles of international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict. ... The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at The Hague, Netherlands in 1899 and 1907, respectively, and were, along with the Geneva Conventions, among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the nascent body of secular international... Protocol I: Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts. ... Protocol II: Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts. ... Distinction is a principle under international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict. ... Within law, the principle of proportionality is used to describe the idea that the punishment of a certain crime should be in proportion to the severity of the crime itself. ... Combatants Germany Italy Hungary Romania Slovakia Soviet Union Commanders Maximilian von Weichs Friedrich Paulus # Erich von Manstein Hermann Hoth Italo Garibaldi Gusztav Jany Petre Dumitrescu Constantin Constantinescu Vasiliy Chuikov Aleksandr Vasilyevskiy Georgiy Zhukov Semyon Timoshenko Konstantin Rokossovsky Rodion Malinovsky Strength German Sixth Army German Fourth Panzer Army Romanian Third Army... Combatants Soviet Union Poland Germany Commanders Georgiy Zhukov Ivan Konev Konstantin Rokossovskiy Vasiliy Chuykov Adolf Hitler â€  Gotthard Heinrici Helmuth Reymann Ernst Kaether (one day) Helmuth Weidling # Karl Dönitz # Wilhelm Mohnke # Strength 2,500,000 soldiers, 6,250 tanks, 7,500 aircraft, 41,600 artillery pieces [1] 1,000,000... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Russian Ground Forces (Russian: Сухопутные силы России) are the land forces of Russia, formed from parts of the collapsing Soviet Army in 1992. ... Vukovar (Croatia) Vukovars main street Vukovar Vukovar is a city and municipality in eastern Croatia, and the biggest river port in Croatia located at the confluence of the Vuka river into the Danube. ...

Fighting in an urban landscape can offer some advantages to a weaker defending force or to guerrilla fighters. The attacking army must account for three-dimensions more often than two,^[5] and consequently expend greater amounts of manpower in order to secure a myriad of structures if they don't resort to indiscriminately bombing them. It is also difficult to bomb underground or heavily fortified structures such as bunkers or underground rapid transit tunnels. Examples include the London underground rail system (the "Tube" or Metro) in the bombing ("Blitz") of 1940-41, the sewers of Warsaw in the 1944 insurrection and extensive tunnel systems used by the Vietcong in the Vietnam war of the 1960-70s. Bunkers in Albania A bunker is a defensive military fortification. ... A rapid transit, underground, subway, tube, elevated, or metro(politan) system is a railway—usually in an urban area—with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic. ...

Tactics

Home Army soldiers assault a fortified house in downtown Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944

The characteristics of an average city include tall buildings, narrow alleys, sewage tunnels and possibly a subway system. Defenders may have the advantage of detailed local knowledge of the area, right down to the layout inside of buildings and means of travel not shown on maps. The buildings can provide excellent sniping posts while alleys and rubble-filled streets are ideal for planting booby traps. Defenders can move from one part of the city to another undetected using underground tunnels and spring ambushes. Meanwhile, the attackers tend to become more exposed than the defender as they must use the open streets more often, unfamiliar with the defenders' secret and hidden routes. During a house to house search the attacker is often also exposed on the streets. Image File history File links Home Army soldiers preparing for an assault From the archive of Eugeniusz Lokajski File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Home Army soldiers preparing for an assault From the archive of Eugeniusz Lokajski File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... For other meanings of Home Army see: Home Army (disambiguation) The Armia Krajowa or AK (Home Army) functioned as the pre-eminent underground military organization in German-occupied Poland, which functioned in all areas of the country from September 1939 until its disbanding in January 1945. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Central business district. ... Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: Country Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government  - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area  - City 516. ... Combatants Poland Germany Commanders Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski #, Antoni ChruÅ›ciel #, Tadeusz PeÅ‚czyÅ„ski Erich von dem Bach, Rainer Stahel, Heinz Reinefarth, Bronislav Kaminski Strength 50,000 troops (10,000 armed) 25,000 troops Casualties 18,000 killed, 12,000 wounded, 15,000 taken prisoner 250,000 civilians killed... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Sewage is the liquid water produced by human society which typically contains washing water, laundry waste, faeces, urine and other liquid or semi-liquid wastes. ... A rapid transit, underground, subway, tube, elevated, or metro(politan) system is a railway—usually in an urban area—with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic. ... This article is about the military occupation. ... An ambush is a long established military tactic in which an ambushing force uses concealment to attack an enemy that passes its position. ...

Battle of Berlin

See also: Battle in Berlin

A Soviet combat group was a mixed arms unit of about eighty men in assault groups of six to eight men, closely supported by field artillery. These were tactical units which were able to apply the tactics of house to house fighting that the Soviets had been forced to develop and refine at each festung stadt (fortress city) they had encountered from Stalingrad to Berlin.^[6] The Battle of Berlin was decided outside the city during the initial phases of the battle. ... A fireteam is a small military unit of infantry. ...

A northern European apartment building.

The Germans tactics used for the urban warfare that took place in Berlin was dictated by three considerations. These were: the experience that the Germans had gained during five years of war; the physical characteristics of Berlin; and the tactics used by the Soviets. Most central districts of Berlin consist of city blocks with straight wide roads, with several waterways, parks and large railway marshalling yards. It is predominantly flat but there are some low hills like that of Kreuzberg that is 66m above sea level. Much of the housing stock consisted of apartment blocks built in the second half of the 19th century. Most of those, thanks to housing regulations, and few elevators, were five stories high, and built around a courtyard which could be reached from the street through a corridor large enough to take a horse and cart or the small trucks used to deliver coal. In many places these apartment blocks were build around several courtyards one behind the other each one reached through the outer courtyards by a ground level tunnel similar to that between the first courtyard and the road. The larger more expensive flats faced the street and the smaller less expensive ones could be found around the inner countyards. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 1. ... An apartment estate in Singapore; such blocks make up the majority of public housing and also housing in general in Singapore. ...

A devastated street in Berlin city centre, 3 July, 1945.

Just as the Soviets had learn a lot about urban warfare, so had the Germans. The Waffen SS did not use the makeshift barricades erected close to street corners, because these could be raked by artillery fire from guns firing over open sights further along the straight streets. Instead they put snipers and machine guns on the upper floors and the roofs because the Soviet tanks could not elevate their guns that high and they put men armed with panzerfausts in cellar windows to ambush tanks as they moved down the streets. These tactics were quickly adopted by the Hitler Youth and the First World War Volkssturm veterans.^[7] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 652 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (700 × 644 pixel, file size: 100 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Scene of destruction in a Berlin street just off the Unter den Linden, 3 July 1945 Source: IWMCollections IWM Photo No. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 652 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (700 × 644 pixel, file size: 100 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Scene of destruction in a Berlin street just off the Unter den Linden, 3 July 1945 Source: IWMCollections IWM Photo No. ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 4 Panzerfausts in the original casing, displayed in Helsinki Military Museum Panzerfaust. ... The Hitler Youth (German:   , abbreviated HJ) was a paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party. ... German Peoples Storm Defense Force The Volkssturm, literally translated as Peoples Storm in the meaning of National Storm, was a German national militia of the last months of the Nazis Third Reich. ...

To counter these tactics the Soviets mounted sub-machine gunners on the tanks who sprayed every doorway and window, but this meant the tank could not traverse its turret quickly. The other solution was to rely on heavy howitzers (152mm and 203mm) firing over open sights to blast defended buildings and to use anti-aircraft guns against the German gunners on the higher floors. Soviet combat groups started to move from house to house instead of directly down the streets. They moved through the apartments and cellars blasting holes through the walls of adjacent buildings (for which the Soviets found abandoned German panzerfausts were very effective) while others fought across the roof tops and through the attics. These tactics took the Germans laying in ambush for tanks in the flanks. Flamethrowers and grenades were very effective, but as the Berlin civilian population had not been evacuated these tactics inevitably killed many civilians.^[7]

First Chechen War

During the First Chechen War most of the Chechen fighters had been trained in the Soviet armed forces. They were divided into combat groups consisted of 15 to 20 personnel, subdivided into three or four-man fire teams. A fire team consisted of an antitank gunner, usually armed with an Russian made RPG-7s or RPG-18s, and machine gunner and a sniper. A fire team would be supported by ammunition runners and assistant gunners. To destroy Russian armoured vehicles in Grozny, five or six hunter-killer fire teams deploy at ground level, in second and third stories, and in basements. The snipers and machine gunners would pin down the supporting infantry while the antitank gunners would engage the armoured vehicle aiming at the top, rear and sides of vehicles.^[8] This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A fire team is the smallest recognized military unit. ... An RPG-7 captured by the US Army The RPG-7 (Russian: ) is a widely-produced and used handheld anti-tank grenade launcher designed by the Soviet Union. ... The RPG-18 is a short-range, light anti-tank unguided rocket launcher. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Initially the Russians were taken by surprise, and their armoured columns, that were supposed to take the city without difficulty, as Soviet forces had taken Budapest in 1956, were decimated in fighting more reminiscent of the Battle of Budapest in late 1944. Like their forefathers in Berlin, as a short term measure they deployed anit-aircraft guns (ZSU 23-4 and 2S6) to engage the Chechen combat groups, as their tank's main gun did not have the elevation and depression to engage the fire teams and an armoured vehicle's machine gun could not suppress the fire of half a dozen different fire teams simultaneously. In the long term the Russians brought in more infantry and began a systematic advance through the city, house by house and block by block with dismounted Russian infantry moving in support of armour. In proactive moves the Russians started to set up ambush points of their own and then move armour towards them to lure the Chechen combat groups into ambushes.^[8] Combatants Soviet Union; ÁVH (Hungarian State Security Police) Ad hoc local Hungarian militias Commanders Ivan Konev Various independent militia leaders Strength 150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks Unknown number of militia and soldiers Casualties 722 killed, 1,251 wounded[1] 2,500 killed 13,000 wounded[2] The Hungarian Revolution... Combatants Germany, Hungary Soviet Union, Romania Commanders Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch Rodion Malinovsky, Fyodor Tolbukhin Strength 180,000 (90,000 for city defense) 500,000+ (170,000 for city assault) Casualties Low estimate: ~ 48,000 killed, ~ 51,000 captured, High estimate: ~ 150,000 killed or captured, Est. ...

As with the Soviets tank crews in Berlin in 1945, who attached bedsprings to the outside of their turrets to reduce the damage done by German panzerfausts, some of the Russian armour was fitted quickly with a cage of wire mesh mounted some 25-30 centimetres away from the hull armor to defeat the shaped charges of the Chechen RPGs.^[7][8]

Israeli Defence Forces

The Israeli Defence Forces developed special tactics for urban warfare, resulting in relatively low casualties to the occupying force (about 250 soldiers in 4 years of fighting). These tactics include:^{[citation needed]} The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces...

• Non linear advance of forces, swarming the AO (area of operations) from all directions.
• Use of tanks and heavily-protected APCs to mobilize troops and protect them from enemy's fire.
• Use of armored bulldozers to:
  1. clear path to friendly forces: both vehicles and infantry.
  2. safely detonate booby traps and IEDs.
  3. to battle gunmen barricading in rigged buildings.
  4. destroy or create ground obstacles.
• Use of superior Close-Quarters-Battle (CQB) technologies such as advanced red-dot sights, night vision devices, body armor and advanced C4IS systems.
• Use of UAVs to provide intelligence and full battle picture.
• Use of helicopter gunships to target specific threats such as rocket launchers and RPG squads.
• Razing of large swaths of urban areas, thus levelling the battlefield
• Elimination of enemy leaders and sympathisers before they can engage in urban warfare

Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are armoured fighting vehicles developed to transport infantry on the battlefield. ... This article describes military mobilization. ... An armored Caterpillar D9 bulldozer used by the IDF. Armored bulldozers are a standard tool of combat engineering battalions, and the Israeli Defence Forces has gained notoriety for their use of armored bulldozers for urban warfare in the Al-Aqsa Intifada. ... This article is about an antipersonnel trap designed for use against humans. ... IED is a three-letter abbreviation which may refer to: Improvised explosive device, an explosive devices often used in unconventional warfare. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with MOUT. (Discuss) CQB, sometimes CQC, is an acronym for Close Quarters Battle or Close Quarters Combat, and refers to fighting methods within buildings, streets, narrow alleys and other places where visibility and maneuverability are limited. ... The red dot sight, infinity sight or reflex sight is an optical firearm sight, sometimes also used as an aiming sight for telescopes. ... Night-vision is seeing in the dark. ... ... The acronym C4IS stands for Command, Control, Computers, Communications and Information Support. United States Army [[1]] ... Unmanned Aerial Vehicle over Iraq. ... A helicopter gunship is a military helicopter armed for attacking targets on the ground, using automatic cannon and machinegun fire, rockets, and precision guided missiles such as the Hellfire. ... Shoulder-launched weapons avoid the problem of recoil by directing all exhaust out the rear of the launch tube A shoulder-launched missile weapon is a weapon that fires a projectile at a target, yet is small enough to be carried by one person, and fired while held on one... An RPG-7 captured by the US Army A rocket propelled grenade (RPG) is a loose term describing hand-held, shoulder-launched anti-tank weapons capable of firing an unguided rocket equipped with an explosive warhead. ...

Close quarters battle

Red Army soldiers storm the Berlin rapid transit during the Battle of Berlin.

US Marines fight in the city of Fallujah during Operation Phantom Fury/Operation Al Fajr (New Dawn) in November 2004.

Main article: Close quarters battle

The term close quarter battle refers to fighting methods within buildings, streets, narrow alleys and other places where visibility and maneuverability are limited. Image File history File links Soviet_soldier_metro. ... Image File history File links Soviet_soldier_metro. ... Red Army flag The Workers and Peasants Red Army (Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия, Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya; RKKA or usually simply the Red Army) were the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and that in 1922 became the army of the Soviet Union. ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... A rapid transit, underground, subway, tube, elevated, or metro(politan) system is a railway — usually in an urban area — with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic. ... Combatants Soviet Union Poland Germany Commanders Georgiy Zhukov Ivan Konev Konstantin Rokossovskiy Vasiliy Chuykov Adolf Hitler â€  Gotthard Heinrici Helmuth Reymann Ernst Kaether (one day) Helmuth Weidling # Karl Dönitz # Wilhelm Mohnke # Strength 2,500,000 soldiers, 6,250 tanks, 7,500 aircraft, 41,600 artillery pieces [1] 1,000,000... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1373, 1661 KB)US Marines cross a road while others provide covering fire. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1373, 1661 KB)US Marines cross a road while others provide covering fire. ... The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. ... This article is about the city of Fallujah in Iraq. ... Combatants United States Iraqi Security Forces Iraqi insurgents Tawhid wal Jihad Commanders Maj. ... Combatants United States Iraqi Security Forces Iraqi insurgents Tawhid wal Jihad Commanders Maj. ... It has been suggested that Mêlée be merged into this article or section. ...

Both CQB and MOUT are related to urban warfare, but while MOUT refers mainly to the macromanagement factor (i.e. sending troops, using of heavy armoured fighting vehicles, battle management), CQB refers to the micromanagement factor—namely: how a small squad of infantry troops should fight in urban environments and/or inside buildings in order to achieve its goals with minimal casualties. The term macromanagement (in this context, often abbreviated to simply macro) is used in strategy computer games to describe a facet of gameplay. ... An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, protected by armour and armed with weapons. ... In business management, micromanagement is a management style where a manager closely observes or controls the work of their employees, generally used as a pejorative term. ...

As a doctrine, CQB concerns topics such as:

• Weapons and ammunition most suitable for the mission
• Extra gear, such as bulletproof vests and night vision devices
• Accurate explosives
• Routines and drills for engaging the enemy, securing a perimeter, clearing a room, etc.
• Team maneuvers
• Methods and tactics

It should be noted that military CQB doctrine is different from police CQB doctrine, mainly because the military usually operates in hostile areas while the police operates within friendly populations. A weapon is a tool used to kill or incapacitate a person or animal, or destroy a military target. ... Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Experimental night vision goggles. ... Preparing C-4 explosive This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. ... Military tactics (Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army) are the collective name for methods for engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. ...

Armies that often engage in urban warfare operations may train most of their infantry in CQB doctrine.

History

Famous urban battles in modern times

Fighting in the ruins of Stalingrad.

The NRA 19th Route Army faces down the streets of Shanghai in a defensive position during the January 28 Incident in 1932.

• Paris Commune 1870
• Easter Rising in Dublin in 1916
• Dublin - Irish Civil War July 1922
• Madrid - Spanish Civil War October 1936 to March 1939
• Shanghai, Republic of China (R.O.C), July 1937 to November 1937
• Nanking, Republic of China, December 1937
• Siege of Leningrad, USSR, September 1941 to January 1943^{[citation needed]},
• Ortona, Italy (1943)
• Stalingrad, USSR (1942-1943)
• Warsaw, Poland (Siege of Warsaw 1939, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 1943, Warsaw Uprising 1944)
• Budapest, Hungary (1945). After a 14-week siege the city fell to Soviet troops. Almost 70% of Buda was destroyed.
• Manila, Philippines (1945)
• Battle of Groningen, Netherlands (1945)
• Berlin, Germany (1945)
• Jerusalem (Operation Jevus, April 27, 1948 Israeli capture of Jewish neighbourhoods. Operation Kilshon and Operation Schfifon, May 14, 1948, capture of Jewish sections and sections to create territorial continuity, failed attempt to recapture Old City. Six-Day War of 1967, Israeli capture of East Jerusalem)
• Seoul, Korea (1950-1951)
• Budapest in the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
• Battle of Algiers (1956-1962)
• Northern Ireland,The Troubles-Falls Curfew Belfast 1970, Operation Motorman Belfast and Derry 1972.
• Battle of Hue, Vietnam (1968)
• Saigon (1975)
• Beirut, Lebanon (1970 and'80s) see: Lebanese Civil War and Siege of Beirut by Israeli forces, 1982
• Panama City, Panama (1989)
• Kabul early 1990s, internecine fighting between Afghan factions
• Vukovar, Croatia (1991)
• Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995)
• Grozny, Chechnya - First battle of Grozny (1994-1995), Second battle of Grozny December 1999 to February 2000.
• Mogadishu, Somalia (1992-1993)
• Jenin, the West Bank (April 2002)
• Monrovia, Liberia (July - August 2003)
• Fallujah, Iraq, (2004) (Operation Vigilant Resolve and Operation Phantom Fury/Operation Al Fajr (New Dawn))

Streetfight inside Stalingrad source of the photograph File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Streetfight inside Stalingrad source of the photograph File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Combatants Germany Italy Hungary Romania Slovakia Soviet Union Commanders Maximilian von Weichs Friedrich Paulus # Erich von Manstein Hermann Hoth Italo Garibaldi Gusztav Jany Petre Dumitrescu Constantin Constantinescu Vasiliy Chuikov Aleksandr Vasilyevskiy Georgiy Zhukov Semyon Timoshenko Konstantin Rokossovsky Rodion Malinovsky Strength German Sixth Army German Fourth Panzer Army Romanian Third Army... Image File history File linksMetadata Shanghai_1932_19th_route. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Shanghai_1932_19th_route. ... The National Revolutionary Army (NRA) (Chinese: 國民革命軍; pinyin: guo2 min2 ge2 ming4 jun1) was the national army of the Republic of China. ... Combatants Republic of China, 19th Route Army, 5th Army Empire of Japan, Imperial Japanese Army, 2nd Independent Tank Company, Shanghai Expeditionary Force Commanders 19th Route Army: Jiang Guangnai (Chinese: 蔣光鼐), 5th Army: Zhang Zhizhong (Chinese: 張治中) Commander: Yoshinori Shirakawa (Japanese: 白川義則), Chief of staff: Kanichiro Tashiro (Japanese: 田代皖一郎) Strength 50,000 90,000 Casualties... Le Père Duchesne looking at the statue of Napoleon I on top of the Vendome column: Eh ben ! bougre de canaille, on va donc te foutre en bas comme ta crapule de neveu !… (Well now! buggering rascal, we will knock you the fuck off just like your crook of... Combatants Irish Volunteers, Irish Citizen Army, Irish Republican Brotherhood British Army Royal Irish Constabulary Commanders Patrick Pearse, James Connolly Brigadier-General Lowe General Sir John Maxwell Strength 1250 in Dublin, c. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ... Combatants Irish Republican Army Irish Free State Army Commanders Rory OConnor Oscar Traynor Michael Collins Strength 200 in Four Courts c. ... The Irish Civil War (June 28, 1922 – May 24, 1923) was a conflict between supporters and opponents of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 6, 1921, which established the Irish Free State, precursor of todays Republic of Ireland. ... Madrid during the Civil War The Siege of Madrid was a three year siege of the Spanish capital Madrid, during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939. ... Combatants Spanish Republic With the support of: Soviet Union[1] Nationalist Spain With the support of: Italy Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Gonzalo Queipo de Llano Emilio Mola José Sanjurjo Casualties 500,000[2] The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Espa... Combatants National Revolutionary Army, Republic of China Imperial Japanese Army, Empire of Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng Heisuke Yanagawa, Iwane Matsui, Hasegawa Kiyoshi Strength 600,000 troops in 75 divisions and 9 brigades, 200 airplanes 300,000 troops in 8 divisions and 6 brigades, 500 airplanes, 300 tanks... The Republic of China is commonly known as Taiwan or Chinese Taipei, and it is not to be confused with the Peoples Republic of China. ... Combatants China, National Revolutionary Army Japan, Central China Theater Army Commanders Tang Shengzhi Matsui Iwane Strength 100,000 men 8 divisions Casualties ~50,000 military personnel, ~300,000 civilians minimal The Battle of Nanjing (Traditional Chinese: 南京保衛戰; Simplified Chinese: 南京保卫战; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Nan-ching Pao-wei Chan) began after the... The Republic of China is commonly known as Taiwan or Chinese Taipei, and it is not to be confused with the Peoples Republic of China. ... Combatants Germany Spanish Blue Division Soviet Union Commanders Wilhem von Leeb Georg von Küchler Kliment Voroshilov Georgiy Zhukov Strength 725,000 930,000 Casualties Unknown 300,000 military, 16,470 civilians from bombings and an estimated 1 million civilians from starvation The Siege of Leningrad (Russian: блокада Ленинграда (transliteration: blokada Leningrada... Combatants 1st Canadian Infantry Division 5th Canadian Armoured Division 3rd battalion, 3rd Regt, German 1st Parachute Division Commanders Major General Chris Vokes Generalleutnant Richard Heidrich Strength  ? 1 Battalion Casualties Canadian 1375 dead 964 wounded[1] German ? The Battle of Ortona (December 20, 1943 to December 27, 1943) was a small... Combatants Germany Italy Hungary Romania Slovakia Soviet Union Commanders Maximilian von Weichs Friedrich Paulus # Erich von Manstein Hermann Hoth Italo Garibaldi Gusztav Jany Petre Dumitrescu Constantin Constantinescu Vasiliy Chuikov Aleksandr Vasilyevskiy Georgiy Zhukov Semyon Timoshenko Konstantin Rokossovsky Rodion Malinovsky Strength German Sixth Army German Fourth Panzer Army Romanian Third Army... Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: Country Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government  - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area  - City 516. ... Battle of Warsaw Conflict Polish Defence War of 1939 Date 8 to September 28, 1939 Place Warsaw, Poland Result Polish defeat The 1939 Battle of Warsaw was fought between the Polish Warsaw Army (Armia Warszawa) garrisoned and entrenched in the capital of Poland (Warsaw) and the German Army. ... Combatants Nazi Germany {SS, SD, Gestapo, Order Police, Wehrmacht} Collaborators {Blue Police, Jewish Ghetto Police} Jewish resistance (Å»OB, Å»ZW) Polish resistance (Armia Krajowa Gwardia Ludowa) Commanders Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg Jürgen Stroop Mordechai Anielewicz†, Dawid Apfelbaum†, PaweÅ‚ Frenkiel†, Icchak Cukierman, Marek Edelman, Zivia Lubetkin, Henryk IwaÅ„ski Strength Official... Combatants Poland Germany Commanders Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski #, Antoni ChruÅ›ciel #, Tadeusz PeÅ‚czyÅ„ski Erich von dem Bach, Rainer Stahel, Heinz Reinefarth, Bronislav Kaminski Strength 50,000 troops (10,000 armed) 25,000 troops Casualties 18,000 killed, 12,000 wounded, 15,000 taken prisoner 250,000 civilians killed... Combatants Germany, Hungary Soviet Union, Romania Commanders Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch Rodion Malinovsky, Fyodor Tolbukhin Strength 180,000 (90,000 for city defense) 500,000+ (170,000 for city assault) Casualties Low estimate: ~ 48,000 killed, ~ 51,000 captured, High estimate: ~ 150,000 killed or captured, Est. ... A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition, often accompanied by an assault. ... Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak: Budín, Serbian: Будим or Budim, Turkish: Budin) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ... Combatants United States and Philippines Japan Commanders Oscar W. Griswold Robert S. Beightler Verne D. Mudge Joseph M. Swing Iwabuchi Sanji Strength 35,000 U.S. troops 3,000 Filipino guerrillas 16,000 Japanese sailors and marines 2,000 Army troops Casualties 1,010 killed 5,565 wounded 100,000... The Battle of Groningen took place during the final month of the Second World War, from April 13th to April 16th 1945 in the city of Groningen between a mixture of German soldiers, Dutch and Belgian SS troops numbering 6,000 and the entire 2nd Canadian Infantry Division. ... Combatants Soviet Union Poland Germany Commanders Georgiy Zhukov Ivan Konev Konstantin Rokossovskiy Vasiliy Chuykov Adolf Hitler â€  Gotthard Heinrici Helmuth Reymann Ernst Kaether (one day) Helmuth Weidling # Karl Dönitz # Wilhelm Mohnke # Strength 2,500,000 soldiers, 6,250 tanks, 7,500 aircraft, 41,600 artillery pieces [1] 1,000,000... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... On May 14, 1948 Jewish forces from the Haganah and Irgun executed Operation Kilshon (or Kalshon). ... On May 14, 1948, the same days as the state of Israel was proclaimed, the Haganah launched Operation Schfifon to capture the Old City of Jerusalem. ... ... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 264,000 (incl. ... East Jerusalem is that part of Jerusalem which was held by Jordan from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War until the Six-Day War in 1967. ... Combatants UN forces: United States; United Kingdom; South Korea; Canada; Australia; Netherlands; France North Korea Commanders Douglas MacArthur Arthur Dewey Struble Jeong Il-Gwon Kim Il-sung Choi Yong-Kun Strength 40,000[1]  ? Casualties 566 killed 2,713 wounded 14,000 casualties[2] 7,000 captured[2] The Battle... Korea (Korean: 한국 or ì¡°ì„ , see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Soviet Union ÁVH Hungarian government, various nationalist militias Commanders Yuri Andropov Pál Maléter, Béla Király, Gergely Pongrátz, József Dudás Strength 150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks 100,000+ demonstrators (some later armed), unknown number of soldiers Casualties 720 killed according to official... Combatants FLN (1954-62) MNA (1954-62) France (1954-62) FAF (1960-61) OAS (1961-62) Commanders Mostefa Benboulaïd Ferhat Abbas Hocine Aït Ahmed Ahmed Ben Bella Krim Belkacem Larbi Ben MHidi Rabah Bitat Mohamed Boudiaf Messali Hadj General Jacques Massu General Maurice Challe Bachaga Said Boualam... Anthem: UK: God Save the Queen Regional: (de facto) Londonderry Air Capital Belfast Largest city Belfast Official languages English (de