Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and of the male reproductive system. It is "multidisciplinary" in that the discipline includes management of "medical" (ie., non-surgical) problems such as urinary infections and "surgical" problems such as the correction of congenital abnormalities of the urinary / reproductive systems and the surgical management of cancers involving the urinary and (male) reproductive organs. It includes the urethra, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, the male reproductive organs including the foreskin, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate.
Urology is closely related to the medical fields of andrology and gynecology. In men, the urinary system overlaps with the reproductive system, and in women the urinary tract opens into the vulva. In both sexes, the urinary and reproductive systems are close together, and often both affected by disease or disorders of one or the other.
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Urologists are physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of the disorders of the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive organs.
Urologists treat their patients both medically and surgically, addressing problems in the urinary tract like incontinence and tumors or kidney stones, and in the male reproductive system like infertility and impotence.
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