?Uttar Pradesh India
Lucknow
Coordinates: 26°51′N 80°55′E / 26.85, 80.91
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area	238,566 km² (92,111 sq mi)
Capital	Lucknow
Largest city	Kanpur
District(s)	701
Population • Density	186,755,000 (1st) • 783/km² (2,028/sq mi)
Language(s)	Hindi, Urdu
Governor	T. V. Rajeswar
Chief Minister	Mayawati
Established	18352
Legislature (seats)	Bicameral (404 + 108)
ISO abbreviation	IN-UP
Website: www.upgov.nic.in
Portal: Uttar Pradesh
1 The decision to possibly create an additional six districts is pending. 2As North-Western_Provinces in 1835, Renamed to United Provinces of Agra and Oudh in 1902, Renamed to Uttar Pradesh in 1947 Image File history File links India_Uttar_Pradesh_locator_map. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The geography of India is diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, rainforests, hills, and plateaus. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 km² and 1,000,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh National Capital Territory of Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar... , Lucknow ( , Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. ... , Kanpur   (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور, spelled as Cawnpore before 1948) is one of the most populous cities in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... The divisions of a district. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh National Capital Territory of Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar... As a large and linguistically diverse country, India does not have a single official language. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the 22 official languages of India and is also used for central government administrative purposes , along with English. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Governors of Uttar Pradesh See Also Uttar Pradesh Governors of India Links Categories: India-related stubs | Uttar Pradesh | Indian politicians | Office-holders | Government of India ... Shri T. V. Rajeswar, (b. ... Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh See Also Uttar Pradesh Chief Ministers of India Links Categories: India-related stubs | Uttar Pradesh | Indian politicians | Office-holders | Government of India ... Mayawati (born January 15, 1956) is an Indian politician, and the Chief Minister (incumbent) of Uttar Pradesh. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Government of India (Hindi: भारत सरकार [1]Bhārat Sarkār), officially referred to as the Union Government, and commonly as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and 7 union territories, collectively called the Republic of... In government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. ... ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard. ... ISO 3166-2 for India (ISO 3166-1 : IN) The purpose of this family of standards is to establish a worldwide series of short abbreviations for places, for use on package labels, containers and such. ... Image File history File links Portal. ... United Provinces, 1903 The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, mainly referred to simply as the United Provinces, was a former province of British India, which existed from 1902 to 1947. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... United Provinces, 1903 The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, mainly referred to simply as the United Provinces, was a former province of British India, which existed from 1902 to 1947. ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Seal of Uttar Pradesh

Coordinates: 26°51′N 80°55′E / 26.85, 80.91 Image File history File links UPlogo. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: उत्तर प्रदेश, Urdu: اتر پردیش, IPA: [ʊt̪ːər prəd̪eːʃ] (help· info), translation: Northern Province), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. With a population exceeding that of France, Germany, and the Netherlands combined, it is the most populous sub-national division in the world. U.P. is also possibly the state with the largest number of million-plus cities (at least eight). Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... IPA may refer to: The International Phonetic Alphabet or India Pale Ale ... Image File history File links Uttar_Pradesh. ... Look up translate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... India is a federal republic comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. ... This is a list of the most populous country subdivisions in the world in order of population (estimated 2004). ...

Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal and is bounded by the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar. The administrative and legislative capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow, and the financial and industrial capital is Kanpur. The state's high court is based at Allahabad. Other notable cities in Uttar Pradesh include Bijnor, Jhansi, Lakhimpur Kheri, Agra, Varanasi (Banaras), Allahabad, Faizabad, Azamgarh, Bareilly, Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Moradabad, Ghaziabad, Aligarh, Gorakhpur, Saharanpur, Mathura and NOIDA (New Okhla Industrial Development Authority). The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India and parts of Pakistan. ... , Uttarakhand (Hindi: उत्तराखंड), known as Uttaranchal from 2000 to 2006, became the 27th state of the Republic of India on November 9, 2000. ... , Himachal Pradesh   (Panjabi: ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪਰਦੇਸ਼,(Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश, IPA: ) is a state in the north-west of India. ... For the town in Hoshiarpur district, see Hariana. ... For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... , Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP)   (HindÄ«: मध्य प्रदेश, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... , Chhattisgarh (Chhattisgarhi/Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़, IPA: )  , a state in central India, formed when the sixteen Chhattisgarhi-speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh gained statehood on November 1, 2000. ... , Jharkhand   (Hindi: झारखंड, Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ড,IPA: ) is a state in eastern India. ... For other uses, see Bihar (disambiguation). ... , Lucknow ( , Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. ... , Kanpur   (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور, spelled as Cawnpore before 1948) is one of the most populous cities in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... , Bijnor (Hindi: बिजनौर, Urdu: بجنور) variously spelt as Bijnaur and Bijnour, is a city and a municipal board in Bijnor district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. ... , Jhansi   झांसी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. ... Lakhimpur Kheri (Hindi: लखीमपुर खीरी, Urdu: لحیم پور خیری) is a district of Uttar Pradesh in the Lucknow division. ... For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... , VārāasÄ« ( , Hindi: , IPA: ), also known as Benares, Banaras, or Benaras ( , Hindi: , , IPA: ), or Kashi or Kasi ( , Hindi: , ), is a famous Hindu holy city situated on the banks of the river Ganges (Ganga) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... , For the Faizabad in Tajikistan, see Faizabad, Tajikistan. ... Azamgarh is a town, which is also the district headquarters of Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh state, India. ... , Bareilly   (Hindi: बरेली, Urdu: باریلی) is a metro city in Bareilly district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Meerut (Hindi: मेरठ, Urdu: میرٹھ) IPA:   is a city and a municipal corporation in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Muzaffarnagar   (Hindi: मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर, Urdu: مظفر نگر) is a city and a municipal board in Muzaffarnagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Moradabad is a city in Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... , Ghaziabad   (Hindi: गाज़ियाबाद, Urdu: غازی آباد) is an industrial city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Aligarh   (Hindi: अलीगढ़, Urdu: علی Ú¯Ú‘Ú¾) is a city in Aligarh District in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Gorakhpur (Hindi: गोरखपुर, Urdu: Ú¯Û‹Ú™Ú©Ú¾ پور) is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. ... , Saharanpur (Hindi: सहारनपुर, Urdu: شاہجہان پور) is a city and a Municipal Corporation in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. ... , Mathura   (Hindi: मथुरा, Urdu: متھرا) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... For Greater Noida see Greater Noida , New Okhla Industrial Development Authority is a department of the government of Uttar Pradesh in Gautam Buddha Nagar District, India. ...

Uttar Pradesh (UP) is the most populous state in India, even after losing Uttarkhand, with an estimated population of 186.7 million ^[1] as of 2007 and a land area of 238,566 km². One-sixth of the world’s population lives in India and one-sixth of India’s population lives in UP. Only five countries of the world, China, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil and India itself have populations larger than that of UP, and UP and Uttarkhand have more than Brazil. The population density of the state at 783 persons per km². is the fourth highest among major states in the country. The Indo-Gangetic plain spans most of the state, has been the seat of ancient Hindu culture, religion and learning and has always played a prominent role in Indian political and cultural movements. , Uttarakhand (Hindi: उत्तराखंड), known as Uttaranchal from 2000 to 2006, became the 27th state of the Republic of India on November 9, 2000. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

At the beginning of the 20th century, the population of UP was only 49 million and increased very slowly until 1951 (0.52 percent per annum) to reach 63 million. This was the period marked by high birth and death rates. The population increased rapidly in the next five decades due to a faster decline in the death rate compared to the birth rate. The population of the state increased from 63 million in 1951 to about 170 million in 2000, an addition of 117 million in the last five decades compared to an addition of only 15 million in the previous five decades. The population of the state is increasing at 2.19 percent per year (SRS, 1998). This implies that the state at present is adding a population of 3.8 million every year and more than 10 million every three years.

History

Main article: History of Uttar Pradesh

The history of Uttar Pradesh, an Indian State, can be divided into five periods: (1) the prehistory & Early Vedic Period(up to c. ...

Ancient

Archaeological evidence of small settlements (a little bit away from the main rivers) exist from 2000 BC. Some centres from the Painted Grey Ware culture (approx. 1000 BC) are in Uttar Pradesh (e.g. near Mathura, and Varanasi). The Painted Grey Ware culture (PGW) is an Iron Age culture of Gangetic plain, lasting from roughly. ... , Mathura   (Hindi: मथुरा, Urdu: متھرا) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , VārāasÄ« ( , Hindi: , IPA: ), also known as Benares, Banaras, or Benaras ( , Hindi: , , IPA: ), or Kashi or Kasi ( , Hindi: , ), is a famous Hindu holy city situated on the banks of the river Ganges (Ganga) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...

The Panchala region extending between the Yamuna and the Ganga rivers (the Doab), features prominently in Hindu and Buddhist histories. Much of the state was part of the Kuru-Pandava kingdom at the heart of the Mahabharata war. The Kosala kingdom in Ayodhya is associated with Rama of the Ramayana, and Krishna, revered as the eighth Avatara of Vishnu, is said to have been incarnated in the city of Mathura. The Chaukhandi Stupa marks the spot where Lord Buddha met his first disciples. The Dhamek Stupa in Sarnath commemorates Buddha's first sermon. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Panchala Kingdom. ... Not to be confused with the nearby Jamuna River a tributary of the Meghna River, which is sometimes confused both in older historical literature, and by translations of the local dialects. ... Ganga may refer to: Ganges River, a river in India Ganga, the Hindu goddess that personifies the Ganges River The Gangas, an ancient southern Indian dynasty Ganga (music), a type of rural folk singing from Croatia and Herzegovina Daren Ganga, a West Indian cricketer Ganga, an alternate spelling of ganja... A Doab, meaning two waters in Persian, is a term used in India and Pakistan for a tract of land between two confluent rivers. ... Bhavna says there are 300 million gods in Hinduism. ... A statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha in Tawang Gompa, India. ... The position of the Kuru kingdom in Iron Age Vedic India. ... In the Mahabharata, the Pandava are the five acknowledged sons of Pandu, by his two wives Kunti and Madri. ... For the film by Peter Brook, see The Mahabharata (1989 film). ... Kosala was an ancient Indian Aryan kingdom, corresponding roughly in area with the region of Oudh. ... Ayodhya   (Hindi: अयोध्या, Urdu: ایودھیا IAST Ayodhyā) is an ancient city of India, the old capital of Awadh, in the Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. ... Rama ( in IAST, in DevanāgarÄ«) or Ramachandra is a legendary or historical king of ancient India. ... For the television series by Ramanand Sagar, see Ramayan (TV series). ... This article is about the Hindu deity. ... See Avatar (disambiguation) for other meanings. ... Vishnu (IAST , Devanagari ), (honorific: Sri Vishnu) also known as Narayana is the Supreme Being (i. ... , Mathura   (Hindi: मथुरा, Urdu: متھرا) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Chaukhandi Stupa Chaukhandi Stupa is an important Buddhist stupa in Sarnath, located 13 kilometres from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. ... A stone image of the Buddha. ... Dharmek Stupa Dhamek Stupa is located at Sarnath, 13 km away from Varanasi in the state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Sarnath (also Mrigadava, Migadāya, Rishipattana, Isipatana) is the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna. ... Media:Example. ...

United Provinces, 1909

Control over this region was often vital to the power and stability of all of India's major empires, including the Mauryan (320-200 BC), Kushan (100-250 AD) Gupta (350-600 AD) empires. After the Guptas, the region was the heart of Harshavardhana's empire, from Punjab to Bengal, with its capital at Kannauj. Many modern communities in different parts of India—Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Bihar and Bengal—often trace their lineage to Kannauj. Download high resolution version (1000x1186, 427 KB)From the Imperial Atlas and Gazeteer, 1911. ... Download high resolution version (1000x1186, 427 KB)From the Imperial Atlas and Gazeteer, 1911. ... A representation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, which was erected around 250 BCE. It is the emblem of India. ... Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ... The Gupta Empire under Chandragupta II (ruled 375-415) The Gupta Empire was one of the largest political and military empires in the world. ... Harsha or Harshavardhana (606-648) was an Indian emperor who ruled northern India as paramount monarch for over forty years. ... Kannauj (Hindi कन्नौज), sometimes improperly spelt Kanauj, is an ancient city lying in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...

Medieval

Beyond 1000 AD, Uttar Pradesh became part of several Muslim Sultanates who ruled from Delhi. In Mughal times, U.P. became the heart land of what was called 'Hindustan' (a name referring to India), even today UP-ites often refer to themselves as 'Hindustani'(Bhartiya/ Indian) rather than Uttar Pradeshi. A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic monarch ruling under the terms of shariah. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...

Agra and Fatehpur Sikri were important as the capital city of Akbar, the great Mughal Emperor of India. After the decline of the Moghuls, a number of kingdoms arose: Oudh of the Nawabs, Rohilkhand by Afghans, Bundelkhand by the Marathas and Benaras by its own king, while Kumaon-Garhwal were independent kingdoms in their own right (these two regions formed the new state of uttarakhand). The city of Lucknow was established by the Muslim Nawabs of Oudh in the 17th century. For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... View across Fatehpur Sikri Fatehpur Sikri (Hindi: ) was the political capital of Indias Mughal Empire under Akbars reign, from 1571 until 1585, when it was abandoned, ostensibly due to lack of water. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Awadh (also known to the British as Oudh) is a region in the center of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... Bundelkhand is a geographic region of central India. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... Benares (also known as Banaras, Kashi, Kasi and Varanasi (वाराणसी)) is a Hindu holy city on the banks of the river Ganga or Ganges in the modern north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Kumaon is one of the two regions and administrative divisions of Uttaranchal, a hilly (and mountainous) state of northern India, the other being Garhwal. ... Garhwal, or Gurwal, is a region and administrative division of Uttaranchal state, India, lying in the Himalayas. ... , Uttarakhand (Hindi: उत्तराखंड), known as Uttaranchal from 2000 to 2006, became the 27th state of the Republic of India on November 9, 2000. ... , Lucknow ( , Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. ... The Nawabs of Awadh, who governed the state of Awadh in India in the 18th and 19th century, are as follows: Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk 1722-1738 Safdar Jang Mansur Khan 1738-1753 Shuja-ud-Daula 1753-1774 Asaf-ud-Daula 1774-1797 Wazir Ali (Nawab) 1797-1798 Saadat...

Starting from the latter half of the 18th century, a series of battles finally gave British accession to the last Mughal territory -- the Doab, as also Bundelkhand, Kumaon and Banaras divisions. Delhi, Ajmer and Jaipur were also included in this territory. They called it the North western provinces (of Agra). Its capital shifted twice between Agra and Allahabad. The area may seem big compared to today's mini states the size of earlier divisions, but at the time it was one of the smallest British province.

After the failed freedom war of 1857, when things settled, the British made a major revamp and truncated the Delhi region and gave it to Punjab, and the Ajmer-Merwar region to Rajputana

Modern

At the same time it included Oudh into the state. The new state was called the North Western Provinces of Agra and Oudh, which in 1902 was renamed as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. It was commonly referred to as the United Provinces or its acronym UP. In 1920, the capital of the province was shifted from Allahabad to Lucknow. United Provinces, 1903 The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, mainly referred to simply as the United Provinces, was a former province of British India, which existed from 1902 to 1947. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

The high court continued to be at Allahabad, but a bench was established at Lucknow. Allahabad continues to be an administrative base of today's Uttar Pradesh and has several administrative headquarters.

Uttar Pradesh continued to be central to Indian culture and politics and was especially important in modern Indian history as a hotbed of both the Indian Independence Movement and the Pakistan Movement. The First Freedom fighter Mangal Pandey was from Uttar Pradesh. The sense of 'Bhartiyata' came from every people. The Indian Independence Movement was a series of revolutions empowered by the people of India put forth to battle the British Empire for complete political independence, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ... Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan (Urdu: تحریک پاکستان) is a name given to the Movement carried out by the Muslims of British India to create a separate homeland. ... For the Hindi film of the same name, see The Rising (Indian film). ...

The city of Allahabad was home to prominent nationalists such as Motilal Nehru, Purushottam Das Tandon, Madan Mohan Malaviya. Allahabad was also home to a record four Prime Ministers of India: Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Vishwanath Pratap Singh and Rajiv Gandhi. The family of Motilal Nehru, who is seated in the centre. ... Purushottam Das Tandon (August 1, 1882 – July 1, 1962), was a freedom fighter, social reformer and national political leader of India. ... Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya was a national leader and a freedom fighter of India. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: , from Persian Javâher-e Laal, meaning Red Jewel) (November 14, 1889 – May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. ... A young Indira Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi, during one of the latters fasts Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (19 November 1917 - October 31, 1984) She was the Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 until her assassination in... Vishwanath Pratap Singh (Hindi: , born 25 June 1931) was the tenth Prime Minister of the Republic of India. ... Rajiv Ratna Gandhi राजीव गाधीं (IPA: ), born in Mumbai, (August 20, 1944 – May 21, 1991), the eldest son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi, was the 7th Prime Minister of India (and the 2nd from the Gandhi family) from his mothers death on 31 October 1984 until his resignation on December 2...

The city of Varanasi (Beranas] has been epi-centre of ancient scholaristic traditions. It is revered as one of the most sacred cities of the world by Hindus, Buddhist and Sufis. Varanasi particularly its Banaras Hindu University and Ghats symbolises the "Rebirth of Hindu Social and Scholaristic Traditions" (80% of Indians are Hindus).

U.P. is also known as 'punya bhoomi' in Hindu scriptures. The state was the main arena of the freedom movement of India. Regional leaders of the freedom movement inspired this struggle under Gandhian principles.

Baba Raghavdas was aka 'Poorvanchal Gandhi' he inspired the freedom movement in all of eastern UP. He is so reverred (sicsic) that there are still temples where they pray to him as saakar brahma in eastern UP. Gorakhpur Medical College is named after him.

Uttar Pradesh's Bundelkhand region is the home of two great Indian freedom fighters and the father of the freedom movement in the whole of bundelkhand, Dewan Shatrughan Singh [aka 'Bundelkhand Gandhi & Bundelkhand Gandhi'] & his wife Rani Rajendra Kumari. These were the two fountain heads of the freedom movement in all of Bundelkhand. They also were the main patrons of revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad who frequented their Castle in their native village of Maungrauth. The Rani defeated the sitting UP Chief Minister C.B. Gupta as an independent candidate. They were also the main inspiration behind the Bhoodaan movement in Bundelkhand and Maungraut changed the history of the movement by becoming the first complete Gramdaan.

Numerous scholars have done PhDs on the life of these 2 great Indian patriots. There is an annual mela on the birthday of these two stalwarts held annually in Maungrauth in December and is attended by over 40,000 people.

Despite being from one of the most affluent families in Central India this couple sacrificed everything for the nation and donated their lands to the poor. They were in British jails for the freedom struggle for over 9 years each. They are now the subject of folk tales and songs highlighting their bravery and hailing them as symbols of Bundelkhandi valor.

Gobind Vallabh Pant was the inspiration of the freedom movement in the hill areas of U.P.. He was also a close personal friend of Nehru and was also well educated.

These "Regional Gandhis" made the freedom movement a success in such huge areas of this state. A state which is half the population of United States.

After independence, the state was renamed Uttar Pradesh ("northern province") by its first chief minister, Govind Ballabh Pant.Pant, who was well known to Jawaharlal Nehru, was popular in the local party and left his mark in Lucknow before December 27, 1954, when Nehru called him to Delhi to make him Home Minister. He was succeeded by Dr. Sampoornanand, a university professor and classicist. A Sanskrit scholar, he was in office till 1957 before becoming governor of Rajasthan. Govind Ballabh Pant (September 10, 1887 - March 7, 1961) was a major figure in the Indian Independence Movement. ... Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: , from Persian Javâher-e Laal, meaning Red Jewel) (November 14, 1889 – May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Home Minister, or more properly the Minister for Home Affairs, is a position in the Indian Cabinet, at both State and Union levels. ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ...

Sucheta Kripalani was sworn in in October 1963, and became India's first woman chief minister, until a two-month long strike by state employees in March 1967 caused her to step down. The confusion and chaos ended only with the defection of Charan Singh from the Congress with a small set of legislators. He set up a party called the Jana Congress which formed the first non-Congress government in U.P. and ruled for over a year. Sucheta Kripalani was an Indian freedom fighter, a famous singer and performer of Indian classical music, and the first lady Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. ... Charan Singh could mean Choudhary Charan Singh, the former prime minister of India or Charan Singh (guru), the late Charan Singh of Radhasoami Satsang Beas. ...

Fellow socialist Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna of the Bharatiya Lok Dal was Chief Minister for part of the 1970s, and was dismissed, along with several other non-Congress chief ministers, shortly after the imposition of the Emergency, when Narain Dutt Tewari - later chief minister of Uttarakhand - became chief minister. The Congress Party lost heavily in 1977 following the lifting of the Emergency, but roared back to power in 1980, when Mrs. Gandhi handpicked the man who would become her son's principal opposition, V.P. Singh, to become Chief Minister. Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna was a Congress leader and former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. ... Bharatiya Lok Dal (Indian Peoples Party), was a political party in India. ... The Indian Emergency of (1975 - 77) is a 18-month period between 1975 and 1977, when President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, upon advice by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, declared a state of emergency under Article 352 of the Constitution of India, effectively bestowing her the power to rule by decree, suspending... The Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party) is the largest subscription-based organisation in the world. ... Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (इन्दिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गान्धी) (November 19, 1917 – October 31, 1984) was Prime Minister of India from January 19, 1966 to March 24, 1977, and again from January 14, 1980 until her assassination on October 31, 1984. ... Vishwanath Pratap Singh (born 25 June 1931) was the seventh Prime Minister of the Republic of India. ...

In 2000 the Himalyan portion of the state — the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions — were formed into a new state called Uttarakhand (meaning the northern part of the state). Garhwal, or Gurwal, is a region and administrative division of Uttaranchal state, India, lying in the Himalayas. ... Kumaon is one of the two regions and administrative divisions of Uttaranchal, a hilly (and mountainous) state of northern India, the other being Garhwal. ... , Uttarakhand (Hindi: उत्तराखंड), known as Uttaranchal from 2000 to 2006, became the 27th state of the Republic of India on November 9, 2000. ...

Geography

Physical geography of Uttar Pradesh.

Main article: Geography of Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh can be divided into two distinct hypsographical regions: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (725x805, 71 KB) Summary URL: http://irrigation. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (725x805, 71 KB) Summary URL: http://irrigation. ... Uttar Pradesh is Indias fifth largest state, located in the north-western part of the country. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

1. The Gangetic Plain in the centre — highly fertile alluvial soils; flat topography broken by numerous ponds, lakes and rivers; slope 2 m/km
2. The Vindhya Hills and plateau in the south — hard rock Strata; varied topography of hills, plains, valleys and plateau; limited water availability.

The climate is generally tropical monsoon, but variations exist due to difference in altitudes. The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India and parts of Pakistan. ... The Vindhya Range is a range of hills in central India, which geographically separates The Indian subcontinent into northern India and Southern India. ...

Constituent regions

Uttar Pradesh (UP) is the most populous state in India, with an estimated population of about 170 million as of March 2000 and a land area of 294,411 km². One-sixth of the world's population lives in India and one-sixth of India's population lives in UP. Only three other countries of the world, China, the United States, and Indonesia have populations larger than that of UP.

The state comprises the Doab region (including the upper Doab and the lower doab with the Brij bhumi in its centre), which runs along its western border from north to south, the Rohilkhand in the north, Awadh (Oudh) (the historic country of Koshal) in the centre, the northern parts of Bagelkhand and Bundelkhand in the south, and the south-western part of the Bhojpur country, commonly called Purvanchal ("Eastern Province"), in the east. A Doab, meaning two waters in Persian, is a term used in India and Pakistan for a tract of land between two confluent rivers. ... Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... Location of Awadh Awadh (Devanagari अवध) (also known in various British historical texts as Oudh, Oundh or Oude) is a region in the center of the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which was before Independence known as the United Provinces of Oudh and Agra. ... Bagelkhand (or Bagelkhand) is a region in central India, in northeastern Madhya Pradesh state. ... Bundelkhand is a geographic region of central India. ... Purvanchal is a geographic region of north-central India, which comprises the eastern end of Uttar Pradesh state. ...

Administrative divisions and districts

Main article: Districts of Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh state is made up of 70 districts, which are grouped into 17 divisions. ...

Past boundaries

The past boundaries of the state came into existence with the reorganization of the states on a linguistic basis in 1956. For administrative purposes, the state was divided into 83 districts, 294 tehsils, and 907 community blocks. There were 112,803 inhabited villages, 710 statutory towns, and 43 census towns. Nearly 19 percent of inhabited villages in India are in UP. As per the 1991 census, about 40 percent of the villages in UP had a population of less than 500 and another 26 percent of the villages had population in the range of 500-999. While the average population per village in UP was only 989, it was 1,829 in Andhra Pradesh and 2,325 in Tamil Nadu. Having a large number of small villages scattered all over the state is a major obstacle to the development of infrastructure facilities and delivery of all types of services related to development sectors.

Present boundaries (2007)

Uttar Pradesh state consists of seventy districts, which are grouped into seventeen divisions: Agra, Azamgarh, Allahabad, Bijnor, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Gorakhpur, Chitrakoot, Jhansi, Devipatan, Faizabad, Bahraich, Bareilly, Basti, Mirzapur, Moradabad,Mathura, Meerut, Lucknow, Varanasi, Sultanpur, Farrukhabad, Vrindavan, and Saharanpur. It has 403 constituencies. The largest district in terms of area is Lakhimpur Kheri. The largest district in terms of population is Allahabad followed by Kanpur Nagar (Census 2001). Uttar Pradesh state is made up of 70 districts, which are grouped into 17 divisions. ... For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... Azamgarh is a town, which is also the district headquarters of Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh state, India. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... , Bijnor (Hindi: बिजनौर, Urdu: بجنور) variously spelt as Bijnaur and Bijnour, is a city and a municipal board in Bijnor district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. ... , Kanpur   (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور, spelled as Cawnpore before 1948) is one of the most populous cities in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Ghaziabad   (Hindi: गाज़ियाबाद, Urdu: غازی آباد) is an industrial city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Gorakhpur (Hindi: गोरखपुर, Urdu: Ú¯Û‹Ú™Ú©Ú¾ پور) is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. ... Chitrakoot is a religious town in the Bundelkhand region of central India, notable for the number of its temples and sites from Hindu mythology. ... , Jhansi   झांसी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. ... , For the Faizabad in Tajikistan, see Faizabad, Tajikistan. ... Bahraich is a small town in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. ... , Bareilly   (Hindi: बरेली, Urdu: باریلی) is a metro city in Bareilly district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... , Mirzapur   is a city in the heart of North India, nearly 650 km between Delhi and Kolkata and also equidistant from Allahabad and Varanasi. ... Moradabad is a city in Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... , Mathura   (Hindi: मथुरा, Urdu: متھرا) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Meerut (Hindi: मेरठ, Urdu: میرٹھ) IPA:   is a city and a municipal corporation in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Lucknow ( , Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. ... , VārāasÄ« ( , Hindi: , IPA: ), also known as Benares, Banaras, or Benaras ( , Hindi: , , IPA: ), or Kashi or Kasi ( , Hindi: , ), is a famous Hindu holy city situated on the banks of the river Ganges (Ganga) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Sultanpur is a city and a municipal board in Sultanpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Farrukhabad one of three tehsils in the Farrukhabad District of the State of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. ... , Vrindavan   (alternate spellings Vrindaban or Brindavan), or Vraj in Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh, India is a town on the site of an ancient forest which is believed to have been the region where the famous cowherd boy, Krishna, from Hindu scriptures spent his childhood days. ... , Saharanpur (Hindi: सहारनपुर, Urdu: شاہجہان پور) is a city and a Municipal Corporation in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. ... Lakhimpur Kheri (Hindi: लखीमपुर खीरी, Urdu: لحیم پور خیری) is a district of Uttar Pradesh in the Lucknow division. ...

With 175 million inhabitants, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India and is also the most populous country subdivision in the world. Only five countries (the People's Republic of China, India itself, the United States, Indonesia and Brazil) have a higher population (see List of countries by population). According to Indian Census 2001, 81% of the population follows Hinduism while second largest religious group is Muslim at about 18%.^{[2] [3]}. Sikh populations are mainly concentrated in and around Lakhimpur Kheri. This is a list of the most populous country subdivisions in the world in order of population (estimated 2004). ... This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... Lakhimpur Kheri (Hindi: लखीमपुर खीरी, Urdu: لحیم پور خیری) is a district of Uttar Pradesh in the Lucknow division. ...

Major cities

Agra • Allahabad • Ghaziabad • Gorakhpur • Jhansi •Kanpur • Lucknow • Mathura • Meerut • Noida • Varanasi • Saharanpur• For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... , Ghaziabad   (Hindi: गाज़ियाबाद, Urdu: غازی آباد) is an industrial city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Gorakhpur (Hindi: गोरखपुर, Urdu: Ú¯Û‹Ú™Ú©Ú¾ پور) is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. ... , Jhansi   झांसी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. ... , Kanpur   (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور, spelled as Cawnpore before 1948) is one of the most populous cities in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Lucknow ( , Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. ... , Mathura   (Hindi: मथुरा, Urdu: متھرا) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Meerut (Hindi: मेरठ, Urdu: میرٹھ) IPA:   is a city and a municipal corporation in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... , VārāasÄ« ( , Hindi: , IPA: ), also known as Benares, Banaras, or Benaras ( , Hindi: , , IPA: ), or Kashi or Kasi ( , Hindi: , ), is a famous Hindu holy city situated on the banks of the river Ganges (Ganga) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Saharanpur (Hindi: सहारनपुर, Urdu: شاہجہان پور) is a city and a Municipal Corporation in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. ...

Other towns

Aligarh • Bahraich • Ballia • Banda • Barabanki • Bareilly • Bijnor • Bulandshahr • Etawah • Faizabad • Firozabad • Ghazipur • Gonda • Kannauj • Mathura • Mainpuri • Mirzapur • Moradabad • Noida • Raebareli • Rampur • Azamgarh• Sultanpur • Greater Noida • Muzaffarnagar• Khurja • , Aligarh   (Hindi: अलीगढ़, Urdu: علی Ú¯Ú‘Ú¾) is a city in Aligarh District in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Bahraich is a small town in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. ... , Ballia is a city and a municipal board in Ballia district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Banda is a city and district of Uttar Pradesh state, India. ... Barabanki district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... , Bareilly   (Hindi: बरेली, Urdu: باریلی) is a metro city in Bareilly district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Bijnor (Hindi: बिजनौर, Urdu: بجنور) variously spelt as Bijnaur and Bijnour, is a city and a municipal board in Bijnor district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Bulandshahr is a city and a municipal board in Bulandshahr district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Etawah is a city on the Yamuna River in the Uttar_Pradesh state of India. ... , For the Faizabad in Tajikistan, see Faizabad, Tajikistan. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Ghazipur is a town in Uttar Pradesh, India, on the Ganges River. ... Gonda is a town in Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Kannauj (Hindi कन्नौज), sometimes improperly spelt Kanauj, is an ancient city lying in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Mathura   (Hindi: मथुरा, Urdu: متھرا) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Mainpuri Town, the administrative headquarters of the Mainpuri District, is situated to the north-east of Agra, in Uttar Pradesh. ... , Mirzapur   is a city in the heart of North India, nearly 650 km between Delhi and Kolkata and also equidistant from Allahabad and Varanasi. ... Moradabad is a city in Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Raebareli is a city in Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. ... Rampur is a city located in the Northern part of Uttar Pradesh between Moradabad and Bareilly, not far from Delhi. ... Azamgarh is a town, which is also the district headquarters of Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh state, India. ... Sultanpur is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, situated in the northern part of India. ... Greater Noida (GN) (Hindi: नोएडा, Urdu: نویڈا /Noyḋā/) is a planned township close to Delhi, India, situated in the state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Muzaffarnagar   (Hindi: मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर, Urdu: مظفر نگر) is a city and a municipal board in Muzaffarnagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Khurja is a small town situated around 90 km from Delhi. ...

Languages

The state languages of Uttar Pradesh are standard Hindi and Urdu. While standard Hindi (Khari boli) is the official language, several regional Hindi 'dialects' are spoken throughout the state. Among these are, Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhojpuri, Braj, Bundeli. Bhojpuri is the second most-spoken language in the state, according to the language data in the 1991 Census of India. Urdu is prominent in Uttar Pradesh as Lucknow was once the center of Persianate culture in north India. The language of Lucknow ("Lakhnavi Urdu") is a form of high literary Urdu. Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the 22 official languages of India and is also used for central government administrative purposes , along with English. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Khariboli (also Khadiboli, Khadi-Boli, or Khari dialect), (Hindi: खड़ी बोली; Urdu: كهڑى بولى, khaṛī bolÄ&laqu