Väinö I of Finland ( 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). Events January 3 - Meiji Emperor declares Meiji Restoration, his own restoration to full power, against the supporters of the Tokugawa Shogunate. January 10 - Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu declares emperors declaration illegal and attacks Kyoto. Pro-Emperor forces drive... 1868 – 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-February January 5 - FM radio is demonstrated to the FCC for the first time. January 6 - World War II: Mass execution of Poles, committed by Germans in the Poznan, Warthegau. January 12 - World War... 1940) was elected King of The Republic of Finland ( Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west. Finland has land frontiers with Sweden, Norway and Russia and... Finland, but renounced the throne after This article or section should include material from German Monarchy The term German Empire (the translation from German of Deutsches Reich) commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. Germans... Imperial Germany's defeat in Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... World War I.

On Germany's urging, Finland had declared itself independent from The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russia on December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 25 days remaining. Events 1240 - Kiev falls to the Mongols under Batu Khan. 1534 - Spanish found Quito, Ecuador. 1768 - First edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica is published. 1790 - U... December 6, 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January-February President Woodrow Wilson of the United States announces to Congress the breaking of diplomatic relations with Germany January 2 - The Royal Bank of Canada takes over Quebec Bank. January 22 - World War I: President Woodrow... 1917, (recognized by Bolshevist Russia is a common term that refers to the Red side in the Russian government between the Bolsheviks October Revolution (November 7, 1917) and the constitution of the Soviet Union (December 30, 1922). The official name of the country was RSFSR. Strictly speaking, there is a small time gap... Bolshevist Russia on January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 361 days remaining (362 in leap years). Events 871 - Battle of Reading - Ethelred of Wessex fights a Danish invasion army . 1493 - Christopher Columbus leaves the New World, ending his first journey . 1642 - English Civil War... January 4, 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918), and there was a fierce debate on whether the new state should declare itself a In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people that dont found their power status on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country. This definition encompasses most of the specific definitions that are (or were... republic or remain a For related meanings see also Monarch (disambiguation) A monarchy, (from the Greek monos, one, and archein, to rule) is a form of government that has a monarch as Head of State. The distinguishing characteristic of monarchies is that the Head of State holds his office for life, unlike in republics... monarchy. This culminated after the The Civil War in Finland was fought from January to May 1918, between the Reds (punaiset), i.e. Social Democrats together with Communists, and the Whites (valkoiset), i.e. forces commanded by the Conservative Senate that in the preceding autumn had succeeded a National Unity Senate, intending to maintain the... Civil War in Finland, during the The Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) is one of the most influential political parties in Finland, along with the Centre Party and the Coalition Party. Some even debate that the SDPs influence is so extensive, that other polical parties are powerless to challenge it, and merely cooperate, regardless... Social Democrats' exclusion from the The Eduskunta in Finnish, or the Riksdag in Swedish, is the parliament of Finland. The unicameral parliament has 200 members and is located in Helsinki, the capital of Finland. Parliament House in Helsinki History When the unicameral parliament was established in 1906, Finland was an autonomous Grand Duchy under the... Eduskunta, which on October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in Leap years). There are 83 days remaining. Events 1000 - Leif Ericson discovers Vinland, becoming the first known European to set foot in North America. 1238 - James I of Aragon conquered Valencia and founded the Kingdom of Valencia. 1446 - The... October 9, 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918, elected the German prince Prince Frederick of Hesse (May 1, 1868 - May 28, 1940), Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin, Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen, brother-in-law to Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany and elected king of Finland (October 9, 1918). In the Finnish election document the prince is called Fredrik Kaarle, but according to... Frederick of Hesse to the Finnish throne. (German spelling: Prinz Friedrich Karl von Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip of Hesse and his eldest son Wilhelm IV inherited the northern portion and established his capital in Kassel. The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel... Hessen-Kassel).

The Republic of Lithuania (in Lithuanian, Lietuva) is a republic in Northeastern Europe. One of the three Baltic States along the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with fellow Baltic State Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland to the south, and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia to the... Lithuania had already in July 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918 taken a similar step, electing Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach, Count of Württemberg (often spelled Wurttemberg in English) refers to an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in south-western Germany. Its capital for the by far longest period was Stuttgart. For short periods of time, the seat of the government resp. the monarch was located in... Württemberg ( Events January - March January 21 - Maori Wars: The Tauranga Campaign starts. February 27 - American Civil War: The first Northern prisoners arrive at the Confederate prison at Andersonville, Georgia. March 1- Alejandro Mon Menéndez takes office as Prime Minister of Spain March 10 - American Civil War: The Red River Campaign... 1864– 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-May January 6- 7 - River Thames floods in London - 14 drowned January 17 - OGPU arrests Lev Trotsky in Moscow; he assumes a status of passive resistance and is exiled to Turkestan February - Kurume University... 1928), as King Mindaugas II of Lithuania was a king-elect in 1918. The Lithuanian Council elected on July 9th, 1918 Wilhelm Herzog von Urach, Graf von Württemberg (1864-1928), to king of Lithuania. Since Germany in the end of 1918 was on her way to lose the war, on November 2nd... Mindove II of Lithuania. For The Republic of Latvia ( Latvian: Latvijas Republika), or Latvia ( Latvian: Latvija), is a country in Northern Europe. Latvia has land borders with its two fellow Baltic states — Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south — and Russia and Belarus to the east. In the west Latvia shares... Latvia and Estonia (disambiguation). The Republic of Estonia is a country in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the north. Estonia has land borders with its fellow Baltic state, Latvia, to the south, with Russia to the east, and maritime border with Finland... Estonia, a "General Provincial Assembly" consisting of The Baltic Germans (Baltendeutsche, Balten, and Deutschbalten respectively), were the ethnically German inhabitants of that area on the Eastern shore of the Baltic Sea which forms today the countries of Latvia. Territories In Baltic German settlement patterns, the Baltic area was formed into the territories of Estonia (not to be... Baltic-German aristocrats, had called upon the German Kaiser Wilhelm II German Emperor and King of Prussia Wilhelm II of Prussia and Germany, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern ( January 27, 1859– June 4, 1941) was the last German Emperor ( Kaiser) and the last King (König) of Prussia, ruling from 1888 to 1918. Known popularly to... Wilhelm to recognize the Baltic provinces as a joint monarchy and a German Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell See The Protectorate. 19th Century revival of term The British revived the term after 1815, in ordering and validating their de facto occupation of Corfu and the seven Ionian islands during the last days of Napoleonic hegemony. The islands were constituted by the Treaty of Paris... protectorate. Consequently Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a Duchy (from 1815 a Grand Duchy) in northeastern Germany, formed by a partition of the Duchy of Mecklenburg. Ruled by the Nikloting dynasty, it was a relatively poor state along the Baltic littoral. After the fall of the monarchies in 1918, it remained a constituent state... Mecklenburg-Schwerin ( Events January - April January 17 - Indian Wars: First Battle of the Stronghold during the Modoc War. February 11 - Spanish Cortes deposes King Amadeus I and proclaims the First Spanish Republic. February 12 - Former foreign minister Emilio Cistelar y Ripoli becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic. February 20 - The... 1873– 1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). For other uses, see Number 1969. For the movie, see 1969 (movie). Events January January 1 - Australian media baron Rupert Murdoch purchases the largest selling British Sunday newspaper The News Of The World January... 1969), brother of Prince His Grand Ducal and Royal Highness Heinrich, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, (April 19, 1876 - July 3, 1934), Prince of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, was the husband of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands. He was born in Schwerin. He was created Prince Hendrik of the Netherlands on February 6... Hendrik of the Netherlands, was nominated The term duke is a title of nobility which refers to the sovereign male ruler of a Continental European duchy, to a nobleman of the highest grade of the British peerage, or to the highest rank of nobility in various other European countries, including Spain and France (in Italy, principe... Duke of "the The United Baltic Duchy was a shortlived construct, made possible through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, but doomed through Germanys defeat in World War I. On February 24, 1918, shortly before the Brest-Litovsk treaty was signed, an Estonian republic had been proclaimed by the Maapäev, a popularly... United Baltic Duchy" by the Germans.

Independent Finland had initially, like the Baltic provinces, close ties with Imperial Germany. Germany was the only In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. States with this ability are called powers, middle powers, regional powers, great powers (sometimes capitalized), superpowers, and hyperpowers. Recently... power that had supported the preparations for independence, not the least by the training of voluntary The Jäger troops were volunteers from Finland in Germany trained as Jägers (elite light infantry) during World War I. It was one of many means by which Germany intended to weaken Russia and to cause Russias loss of western provinces and dependencies. The recruitment of the J... Finnish Jaeger troops. Germany had also had a military intervention in the The Civil War in Finland was fought from January to May 1918, between the Reds (punaiset), i.e. Social Democrats together with Communists, and the Whites (valkoiset), i.e. forces commanded by the Conservative Senate that in the preceding autumn had succeeded a National Unity Senate, intending to maintain the... Civil War in Finland, despite her own precarious situation. Finland's position vis-à-vis Germany was already in spring 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918 evolving towards that of a Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell See The Protectorate. 19th Century revival of term The British revived the term after 1815, in ordering and validating their de facto occupation of Corfu and the seven Ionian islands during the last days of Napoleonic hegemony. The islands were constituted by the Treaty of Paris... protectorate, and the election of Prinz Friedrich, brother-in-law of Emperor Wilhelm II German Emperor and King of Prussia Wilhelm II of Prussia and Germany, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern ( January 27, 1859– June 4, 1941) was the last German Emperor ( Kaiser) and the last King (König) of Prussia, ruling from 1888 to 1918. Known popularly to... Wilhelm II of Germany, was rather thought of as a confirmation of the close relations.

The adoption of a new monarchist constitution had been delayed, and the legitimacy of the royal election was based upon the The Swedish Constitution consists of four fundamental laws (Swedish: grundlagar): The Instrument of Government (1974) The Act of Succession (1810) The Freedom of the Press Act (1766) The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (1991) There is also a law on the working order of the Parliament with a special... Instrument of Government of Events February 17 - First partition of Russia and Prussia, later including Austria May - Watauga Association formed in East Tennessee as the first independent Anglo-American government. June 9 - British vessel Gaspee is burned off of Rhode Island. August 5 - First Partition of Poland begins. August 21 - The coup detat... 1772, adopted under King Gustav III (13 January 1746 (O.S.) (24 January 1746 (N.S.))–March 29, 1792) was the King of Sweden from February 12, 1771 until his death. He was the eldest son of Adolf Fredrick, King of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great. Education... Gustav III of Sweden, when Finland had been a part of The Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish: Konungariket Sverige  listen?) is a Nordic country in Scandinavia, in Northern Europe. It is bordered by Norway on the west, Finland on the northeast, the Skagerrak Strait and the Kattegat Strait on the southwest, and the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia on... Sweden. The same constitutional document had also served as the basis for the rule of the The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russian Tsars, as The title of Grand Duke (Latin, Magnus Dux; German, Großherzog, Russian, Великий князь) used in Slavic, Baltic, and Germanic countries, is ranked in honour below King but higher than a sovereign Duke (Herzog) or Prince (Fürst). The feminine... Grand Dukes of Finland, during the Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. In the sense of the Common Era... 19th century.

In the Finnish election document the prince is called Fredrik Kaarle, but according to Conventional wisdom is a term coined by the economist John Kenneth Galbraith, used to describe certain ideas or explanations that are generally accepted as true by the public. The term is only rarely used positively. Often conventional wisdom is portrayed as being incorrect. Many urban legends, for example are accepted... conventional wisdom his name as king would have been Väinö I of Finland. Although the correctness of this name is not quite undisputed, it is repeated in many places, for instance at Finland's parliament's official web-site[1]  (http://www.eduskunta.fi/historia/eng/tapahtuma_aika.htm#Henkilo).

On November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. Events 1215 - The Fourth Lateran Council meets, adopting the doctrine of transubstantiation, meaning that bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ. 1620 - In what... November 11, 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918, the armistice between the warring parties of Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... World War I was signed, and two days earlier Kaiser Wilhelm II German Emperor and King of Prussia Wilhelm II of Prussia and Germany, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern ( January 27, 1859– June 4, 1941) was the last German Emperor ( Kaiser) and the last King (König) of Prussia, ruling from 1888 to 1918. Known popularly to... Wilhelm had abdicated and The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 is known as the Weimar Republic (Pronounced Vye-Mar, and in German it is known as the Weimarer Republik). It is named after the city of Weimar, where a national assembly convened to produce a new constitution after the German monarchy... Germany was declared a In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people that dont found their power status on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country. This definition encompasses most of the specific definitions that are (or were... Republic. Germany's defeat in the war, and the stated fact that none of the allies would ever accept a German-born prince as the king of Finland, led Frederick to finally renounce the throne on December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 17 days remaining. Events 867 - Adrian II becomes Pope 872 - John VIII becomes Pope 1287 - Zuider Zee sea wall collapses, killing over 50,000 people 1542 - Princess Mary Stuart becomes Queen... December 14, 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918, and subsequently for Finland to also adopt a republican constitution.