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Encyclopedia > V engine
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A V engine is a common configuration for an internal combustion engine. The pistons are aligned so that they appear to be in a V when viewed along the axis of the crankshaft. The V configuration reduces the overall engine length and weight compared to an equivalent straight engine. Engine configuration is an engineering term for the layout of the major components of an internal combustion engine. ... The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer (typically air) occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. ... For the use of the term in optics, see piston (optics). ... Crankshaft (red), pistons (gray) in their cylinders (blue), and flywheel (black) Continental engine marine crankshafts, 1942 Components of a typical, four stroke cycle, DOHC piston engine. ... Usually found in 4 and 6 cylinder configurations, the straight engine (often designed as inline engine) is an internal-combustion engine with all cylinders aligned in one row, with no or only minimal offset. ...


In 1896, Karl Benz patented his design for the first internal combustion engine with horizontally opposed pistons. Usually, each pair of corresponding pistons from each bank of cylinders share one crank pin on the crankshaft, either by master/slave rods or by two ordinary rods side by side. Some authorities even regard this as a distinguishing feature of a true V engine, and for example divide flat engines into boxer engines which do not share crank pins in this way, and 180° engines which do. On the other hand, some important V-twin engine designs have two-pin cranks. However, in German, these engines are all identified as boxermotors. Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Karl Benz kb Karl Friedrich Benz, for whom an alternate French spelling of Carl is used occasionally, (November 25, 1844, Karlsruhe, Germany – April 4, 1929, Ladenburg, Germany) was a German engine designer and mechanical engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the gasoline-powered automobile. ... For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ... Piston and connecting rod from an automobile engine, showing the big end bearing at the bottom. ... The Boxer engine, first patented by German engineer Karl Benz A flat engine is an internal combustion engine with pistons that are all relatively horizontal. ... Diagram of the opposing pistons in a boxer engine A flat engine or boxer engine or horizontally opposed engine is a type of engine where the pistons lie horizontally opposed, with pairs of cylinders on the left and the right, as opposed to most modern engines where all pistons are... Honda 90° transverse V-twin A V-twin is a two cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a V configuration. ...


Various angles of V are used in different engines; depending on the number of cylinders, there may be angles that work better than others for stability. Very narrow angles of V combine some of the advantages of the V engine and the straight engine (primarily in the form of compactness) as well as disadvantages; the concept is an old one pioneered by Lancia, but recently reworked by Volkswagen. Usually found in 4 and 6 cylinder configurations, the straight engine (often designed as inline engine) is an internal-combustion engine with all cylinders aligned in one row, with no or only minimal offset. ... Lancia (pronounced Lan-cha) is an Italian automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia and which became part of the Fiat Group in 1969. ... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ...


Some V configurations are well-balanced and smooth, while others are less smoothly running than their equivalent straight counterparts. With an optimal angle V16s have even firing and exceptional balance. The crossplane V8 can be balanced with counterweights on the crankshaft. V12s, being in effect two Straight 6 engines married together, always have even firing and exceptional balance regardless of angle. Others, such as the V2, V4, V6, flatplane V8, and V10, show increased vibration and generally require balance shafts. Engine balance is the design, construction and tuning of an engine to run smoothly. ... The crossplane or cross-plane is a crankshaft design for V8 engines with a 90° angle between the cylinder banks. ... A BMW M20B25 engine with the cylinder head removed, showing the pistons in the six cylinders of the engine. ... The crossplane or cross-plane is a crankshaft design for V8 engines with a 90° angle between the cylinder banks. ... Balance shaft in Ford Taunus V4 engine. ...


Certain types of V engine have been built as inverted engines, most commonly for aircraft. Advantages include better visibility in a single-engined airplane, and lower centre of gravity. Examples include World War II German engines produced by Daimler-Benz and Jumo. Daimler-Benz AG was founded on May 1, 1924 by the merger of Benz & Cie. ... Junkers was a major German aircraft manufacturer. ...


It is common for V engines to be described with V# notation, where # is how many cylinders it has:

Honda 90° transversely mounted V-twin A V-twin is a two cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a V configuration. ... 1700 cc High Compression Ford Taunus V4 V4 and V-4 redirect here. ... The V5 engine is a V form engine with five cylinders. ... The Ford Essex V6 engine V6 and V-6 redirect here. ... The Liberty V8 aircraft engine clearly shows the configuration, although modern automotive versions use a 90 degree block angle. ... A V10 engine is a V engine with 10 cylinders in two banks of five. ... Colombo Type 125 Testa Rossa engine in a 1961 Ferrari 250TR Spyder V-12 engine simplified cross-section V12 redirects here. ... 1933 Marmon V16 engine. ... A V engine is a common configuration for an internal combustion engine. ... A V20 engine is a V engine with 20 cylinders. ... A V24 engine is a V engine with 24 cylinders, suitable only for very large trucks or locomotives. ...

See also

Piston engine configurations
v • d • e
Straight Single, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14
Flat 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16
V 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24
W 8, 12, 16, 18
Other inline H, U, Square, VR, Opposed, X
Other Hemi, Radial, Rotary, Pistonless (Wankel)

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