Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology is a bi-directional grid interface for gridable Electric vehicles such as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV). There are three different versions of the vehicle to grid concept: Power line redirects here. ... An electric vehicle is a vehicle that is propelled by electric motors. ... Battery Electric Vehicles or BEVs are electric vehicles whose main energy storage is in the chemical energy of batteries. ... The number of US survey respondents willing to pay $4,000 more for a plug-in hybrid car increased from 17% in 2005 to 26% in 2006. ...

• A hybrid or fuel-cell vehicle, which generates power from storable fuel, uses its generator to produce power for a utility at peak power usage times. Here the vehicles serve as a distributed generation system, producing power from conventional fossil fuels.
• A battery-powered or hybrid vehicle uses its excess rechargable battery capacity to provide power to the electric grid during peak load times. These vehicles can then be recharged during off-peak hours at cheaper rates while helping to absorb excess night time generation. Here the vehicles serve as a distributed battery storage system to buffer power.
• A solar vehicle uses its excess charging capacity to provide power to the electric grid when the battery is fully charged. Here the vehicle effectively becomes a small renewable energy power station. Such systems have been in use since the 1990ies and are routinely used in the case of large vehicles, especially solar-powered boats.

In either case, the concept allows such vehicles to provide power to help load balance localized grid segments during peak load periods, when the selling price of electricity can be very high. In future development, it has been proposed that such use of electric vehicles could buffer renewable power sources such as wind power, for example, by storing excess energy produced during windy periods and providing it back to the grid during high load periods, thus effectively stabilizing the unreliable nature of wind power. Hence, vehicle to grid technology is seen by some as a route to penetration renewable energy technology into the baseline electric market. A Petroleum Electric Hybrid Vehicle (PEHV) is a vehicle using an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion. ... A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ... Distributed generation is a new trend in the generation of heat and electrical power. ... Battery Electric Vehicles or BEVs are electric vehicles whose main energy storage is in the chemical energy of batteries. ... A hybrid vehicle (HV) is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources such as: An on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion Human powered bicycle with battery assist A sail boat with electric power[1] The term most commonly... Rechargeable batteries are batteries that can be restored to full charge by the application of electrical energy. ... A solar car is an electric vehicle powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the surface of the car. ... World renewable energy in 2005 (except 2004 data for items marked* or **). Enlarge image to read exclusions. ... While most boats on the water today are powered by diesel engines, and sail power and gasoline engines are also popular, it is perfectly feasible to power boats by electricity too. ... Worldwide installed capacity and prediction 1997-2010, Source: WWEA Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into more useful forms, usually electricity using wind turbines. ...

Many Electric vehicle conversion owners, whose battery of choice is still lead acid which have limited cycle lives and capacity, would prefer using their battery investment to driving their cars rather than help load balance the grid. Future battery developments [1] could change the economics making it advantageous to use high capacity and cycle life batteries in BEV/PHEV's for grid load balancing and as a large energy cache for renewable grid resources. Even if cycled daily such batteries would only require recycling every 55 years or so. Since BEV's can have up to 50 kWh worth of battery storage they represent somewhat more than the average homes daily energy demand. Even without a PHEVs gas generation capabilities such a vehicle could be utilized for emergency power for several days. As such they may be seen as a complementary technology for intermittent renewable power resources such as wind or solar electric. An electric vehicle conversion is the modification of a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) driven vehicle to battery electric propulsion, creating a battery electric vehicle. ... Lead-acid batteries, invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté, are the most commonly used rechargeable batteries today. ...

See also

• Electricity meter
• Net metering
• Smart meter

Typical US domestic electricity meter An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residence or business. ... Net metering is a state level electricity policy for consumers who own qualifying facilities, which are generally smaller, renewable energy sources such as a wind or solar power. ... A Smart meter generally refers to a type of advanced meter (usually an electrical meter) that identifies consumption in more detail than a conventional meter, and optionally communicates that information via some network back to the local utility for monitoring and billing purposes. ...

External links

• http://www.acpropulsion.com/White_Papers.htm
• U. Delaware page V2G: Vehicle to Grid Power
• http://www.sustainableballard.org/

Related forums

• http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/gridable-hybrids/
• http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/priusplus/messages
• http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ev-list-archive/messages
• http://groups.yahoo.com/group/calcars-news/messages
• http://www.electrifyingtimes.com/
• http://www.hybridcenter.org/
• http://www.greenhybrid.com/
• http://evworld.com/

Other links

• Live Grid Levels
• http://www.evchallenge.org/
• http://www.evaa.org/
• http://www.uqm.com/products/specsheets/Power%20Inverter.html
• http://www.greenmtn.edu/news/V2G.asp
• http://www.allbusiness.com/to-be-deleted/utilities/116808-1.html
• http://www.udel.edu/V2G/
• http://www.geotimes.org/aug05/feature_pluginhybrid.html
• http://www.sustainableballard.org/ev2g/pdf/Kempton-V2G-Designing-June05.pdf
• http://www.sustainableballard.org/
• http://www.acpropulsion.com/white_papers.htm
• http://hydrogen.its.ucdavis.edu/people/bwilliams/ploneexfile.2005-05-06.7767555063/preview_popup
• http://electrictransportsolutions.blogspot.com/2005_07_17_electrictransportsolutions_archive.html