VAX is a 32-bit computing architecture that supports an orthogonal instruction set (machine language) and virtual addressing (i.e. demand paged virtual memory). It was developed in the mid-1970s by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). DEC was later purchased by Compaq, which in turn was purchased by Hewlett-Packard. Download high resolution version (1592x1024, 237 KB)VAX 11/780 from [1], copyright DIgital Equipment Corporation, believed to be fair use. ... The DEC logo Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the computer industry. ... This article is about the unit of information. ... In computer technology and networking, an octet is a group of 8 bits. ... 32-bit is a term applied to processors, and computer architectures which manipulate the address and data in 32-bit chunks. ... The Unibus was the earliest of several bus technologies used with PDP-11 and early VAX systems manufactured by the Digital Equipment Corporation of Maynard, Massachusetts. ... The Massbus was a high-performance computer input/output bus designed in the 1970s by the Digital Equipment Corporation of Maynard, Massachusetts. ... The Q-bus (also known as the LSI-11 Bus) was one of several bus technologies used with PDP and MicroVAX computer systems manufactured by the Digital Equipment Corporation of Maynard, Massachusetts. ... The VAXBI Bus was a computer bus designed and sold by the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) of Maynard, Massachusetts. ... A complex instruction set computer (CISC) is a microprocessor instruction set architecture (ISA) in which each instruction can execute several low-level operations, such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store, all in a single instruction. ... How virtual memory maps to physical memory Virtual memory is an addressing scheme implemented in hardware and software that allows non-contiguous memory to be addressed as if it were contiguous. ... OpenVMS V7. ... Ultrix (officially all-caps ULTRIX) was the brand name of Digital Equipment Corporations (DEC) native Unix systems. ... Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD, sometimes called Berkeley Unix) is the Unix derivative distributed by the University of California, Berkeley, starting in the 1970s. ... 32-bit is a term applied to processors, and computer architectures which manipulate the address and data in 32-bit chunks. ... A typical vision of a computer architecture as a series of abstraction layers: hardware, firmware, assembler, kernel, operating system and applications (see also Tanenbaum 79). ... Orthogonal instruction set is a term used in computer science. ... A system of codes directly understandable by a computers CPU is termed this CPUs native or machine language. ... In computer operating systems, paging memory allocation, paging refers to the process of managing program access to virtual memory pages that do not currently reside in RAM. It is implemented as a task that resides in the kernel of the operating system and gains control when a page fault takes... How virtual memory maps to physical memory Virtual memory is an addressing scheme implemented in hardware and software that allows non-contiguous memory to be addressed as if it were contiguous. ... The DEC logo Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the computer industry. ... Compaq Computer Corporation was founded in February 1982 by Rod Canion, Jim Harris and Bill Murto, three senior managers from semiconductor manufacturer Texas Instruments. ... The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly known as HP, is a very large, global company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. ...

The VAX has been perceived as the quintessential CISC processing architecture, with its very large number of addressing modes and machine instructions, including instructions for such complex operations as queue insertion/deletion and polynomial evaluation. A complex instruction set computer (CISC) is a microprocessor instruction set architecture (ISA) in which each instruction can execute several low-level operations, such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store, all in a single instruction. ... Addressing modes, a concept from computer science, are an aspect of the instruction set architecture in most central processing unit (CPU) designs. ... In providing services in computer science, transport, and operations research a queue (pronounced kyew) is a buffer where various entities such as data, objects, persons, or events are stored and waiting to be processed. ... In mathematics, a polynomial is an expression that is constructed from one or more variables and constants, using only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and constant positive whole number exponents. ...

Name

"VAX" was originally an acronym for Virtual Address eXtension, both because the VAX was seen as a 32-bit extension of the older 16-bit PDP-11 and because it was a commercial pioneer in using virtual memory to manage this larger address space. Early versions of the VAX processor implemented a "compatibility mode" that emulated many of the PDP-11's instructions, and were in fact called VAX-11 to highlight this compatibility and the fact that VAX-11 was an outgrowth of the PDP-11 family. Later versions offloaded the compatibility mode and some of the less used CISC instructions to emulation in the operating system software. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Backronym and Apronym (Discuss) Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations, such as NATO, laser, and ABC, written as the initial letter or letters of words, and pronounced on the basis of this abbreviated written form. ... In computer science, 16-bit is an adjective used to describe integers that are at most two bytes wide, or to describe CPU architectures based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. ... The PDP-11 was a 16-bit minicomputer sold by Digital Equipment Corp. ... How virtual memory maps to physical memory Virtual memory is an addressing scheme implemented in hardware and software that allows non-contiguous memory to be addressed as if it were contiguous. ...

Operating systems

The "native" VAX operating system is DEC's VAX/VMS (later renamed OpenVMS, See "OpenVMS User's Guide", by Patrick J. Holmay). The VAX architecture and VMS operating system were "engineered concurrently" to take maximum advantage of each other, as was the initial implementation of the VAXcluster facility. Other VAX operating systems have included various releases of BSD UNIX up to 4.3BSD, Ultrix-32 and VAXeln. More recently, NetBSD and OpenBSD support various VAX models and some work has been done on porting Linux to the VAX architecture. // An operating system (OS) is a set of computer programs that manage the hardware and software resources of a computer. ... OpenVMS[1] (Open Virtual Memory System or just VMS) is the name of a high-end computer server operating system that runs on the VAX[2] and Alpha[3] family of computers developed by Digital Equipment Corporation of Maynard, Massachusetts (DIGITAL was then purchased by Compaq, and is now owned... Product Lifecycle Management or PLM is a term used for the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture to service and disposal. ... A VMScluster is a computer cluster involving a group of computers running the OpenVMS operating system. ... Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD, sometimes called Berkeley Unix) is the Unix derivative distributed by the University of California, Berkeley, starting in the 1970s. ... Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD, sometimes called Berkeley Unix) is the Unix derivative distributed by the University of California, Berkeley starting in the 1970s. ... Ultrix (officially all-caps ULTRIX) was the brand name of Digital Equipment Corporations (DEC) native Unix systems. ... VAXeln is a real-time operating system for MicroVAX. Trivia It was originally supposed to be named ELAN but DEC discovered at the last minute that it was trademarked in a European country where DEC wished to conduct business. ... NetBSD is a freely redistributable, open source version of the Unix-like BSD computer operating system. ... OpenBSD is a freely available Unix-like computer operating system descended from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Unix derivative developed at the University of California, Berkeley. ... Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system. ...

VAX-11/780

Image File history File links Vax11-780. ...

History

The first VAX model sold was the VAX-11/780, which was introduced on October 25, 1977 at the Digital Equipment Corporation's Annual Meeting of Shareholders[1]. The architect of this model was Bill Strecker. Many different models with different prices, performance levels, and capacities were subsequently created. VAX superminis were very popular in the early 1980s. October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... A supermini can be: A car size class used in Europe. ...

For a while the VAX-11/780 was used as a baseline in CPU benchmarks because its speed was about one MIPS. Ironically enough, though, the actual number of instructions executed in 1 second was about 500,000. One VAX MIPS was the speed of a VAX-11/780; a computer performing at 27 VAX MIPS would run the same program roughly 27 times as fast as the VAX-11/780. Within the Digital community the term VUP (VAX Unit of Performance) was the more common term, because MIPS do not compare well across different architectures. The related term cluster VUPs was informally used to describe the aggregate performance of a VAXcluster. The performance of the VAX-11/780 still serves as the baseline metric in the BRL-CAD Benchmark, a performance analysis suite included in the BRL-CAD solid modeling software distribution. Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6. ... In computing, a benchmark is the act of running a computer program, a set of programs, or other operations, in order to assess the relative performance of an object, normally by running a number of standard tests and trials against it. ... Million instructions per second (MIPS) is a measure of a computers processor speed. ... A VMScluster is a computer cluster involving a group of computers running the OpenVMS operating system. ... BRL-CAD is a powerful Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) solid modeling Computer-aided design (CAD) system. ...

VAX 8350 front view with cover removed.

The VAX went through many different implementations. The original VAX was implemented in TTL and filled more than one rack for a single CPU. CPU implementations that consisted of multiple ECL gate array or macrocell array chips included the 8600, 8800 superminis and finally the 9000 mainframe class machines. CPU implementations that consisted of multiple MOSFET custom chips included the 8100 and 8200 class machines. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 440 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1975 × 2690 pixel, file size: 782 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 440 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1975 × 2690 pixel, file size: 782 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A Motorola 68000-based computer with various TTL chips. ... Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6. ... In electronics, emitter coupled logic, or ECL, is a logic family in which current is steered through bipolar transistors to compute logical functions. ... A Gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of ASICs. ... A macrocell array is an approach to the design and manufacture of ASICs. ... A supermini can be: A car size class used in Europe. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is by far the most common field-effect transistor in both digital and analog circuits. ...

The MicroVAX I represented a major transition within the VAX family. At the time of its design, it was not yet possible to implement the full VAX architecture as a single VLSI chip (or even a few VLSI chips as was later done with the V-11 CPU of the VAX 8200/8300). Instead, the MicroVAX I was the first VAX implementation to move most of the complexity of the VAX instruction set into emulation software, preserving just the core instructions in hardware. This new partitioning substantially reduced the amount of microcode required and was referred to as the "MicroVAX" architecture. In the MicroVAX I, the ALU and registers were implemented as a single gate-array chip while the rest of the machine control was conventional logic. Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) of systems of transistor-based circuits into integrated circuits on a single chip first occurred in the 1980s as part of the semiconductor and communication technologies that were being developed. ... A microprogram is a program consisting of microcode that controls the different parts of a computers central processing unit (CPU). ...

A full VLSI (microprocessor) implementation of the MicroVAX architecture then arrived with the MicroVAX II's 78032 CPU and 78132 FPU. This was followed by the V-11, CVAX, SOC ("System On Chip", a single-chip CVAX), Rigel, Mariah and NVAX implementations. The VAX microprocessors extended the architecture to inexpensive workstations and later also supplanted the high-end VAX models. This wide range of platforms (mainframe to workstation) using one architecture was unique in the computer industry at that time. A microprocessor is a programmable digital electronic component that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single semiconducting integrated circuit (IC). ... Sun SPARCstation 1+, 25 MHz RISC processor from early 1990s A workstation, such as a Unix workstation, RISC workstation or engineering workstation, is a high-end desktop or deskside microcomputer designed for technical applications. ...

The VAX architecture was eventually superseded by RISC technology. In 1989 DEC introduced a range of workstations based on processors from MIPS Technologies and running Ultrix. In 1992 DEC introduced their own RISC processor, the Alpha (originally named Alpha AXP), a high performance 64-bit architecture capable of running OpenVMS. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), is a microprocessor CPU design philosophy that favors a smaller and simpler set of instructions that all take about the same amount of time to execute. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... A DECstation 5000/120 The DECstation was a brand of computers built by DEC, and refers to two distinct lines of computer systems—the first released in the 1970s as a word processing system, and the second (and more widely known) released in 1989 as computer workstations based on the... MIPS Technologies, formerly MIPS Computer Systems, is most widely known for developing the MIPS architecture and a series of pioneering RISC CPUs. ... Ultrix (officially all-caps ULTRIX) was the brand name of Digital Equipment Corporations (DEC) native Unix systems. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... DEC Alpha AXP 21064 Microprocessor die photo Package for DEC Alpha AXP 21064 Microprocessor Alpha AXP 21064 bare die mounted on a business card with some statistics The DEC Alpha, also known as the Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit RISC microprocessor originally developed and fabricated by Digital Equipment Corp... In computing, a 64-bit component is one in which data are processed or stored in 64-bit units (words). ...

In August 2000, Compaq announced that the remaining VAX models would be discontinued by the end of the year[2]. By 2005 all manufacturing of VAX computers had ceased, but old systems remained in widespread use.

The SRI CHARON-VAX and SIMH software-based VAX emulators remain available. This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ...

Virtual Memory Map

The VAX virtual memory is divided into four sections, each of which is one gigabyte in size:

For VMS, P0 was used for user process space, P1 for process stack, S0 for the operating system, and S1 was reserved.

Privilege Modes

The VAX has four privilege modes:

Processor Status Register

 +--+--+----+--+--+----+----+---+---+----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |CM|TP| MBZ|FD|IS|cmod|pmod|MBZ|IPL| MBZ |DV|FU|IV|T |N |Z |V |C | +--+--+----+--+--+----+----+---+---+----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ 31 30 29 27 26 25 23 21 20 15 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 

Trivia

• The phrase, "CVAX — when you care enough to steal the very best" ("СВАКС... Когда вы забатите довольно воровать настоящий лучший"), a play on the well-known Hallmark Cards slogan[3]) was written in poor Russian on the Digital CVAX microprocessor used in the MicroVAX 3000 and 6200 [4]. It was intended to send a special message to Soviet engineers attempting to reverse engineer DEC's chip design.
• VAX systems are used in many of the Wm Morrison Supermarkets stores in the UK to control pricing and offers and maintain the tills. Most stores have 2/3 terminals controlled by a MicroVAX. Many new-build stores now use VAX emulators running on a Dell server PC.^{[citation needed]}
• VAX systems were the "gold standard" computer platforms for many Computer Science and Computer Engineering programs during the 1980s due to their widespread use at the university-level and their ability to handle dozens, if not hundreds of users at once.

This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Reverse engineering (RE) is the process of taking something (a device, an electrical component, a software program, etc. ... Morrisons is a chain of supermarkets in the UK. It is operated by the company Wm Morrison Supermarkets plc. ...

VAX models

Listed in roughly chronological order. The codenames used during development within Digital Equipment Corporation are shown in italic. VAX systems can be broadly classified into those with non-VLSI processors and those with VLSI processors with the MicroVAX-I being a transitional design: Integrated circuit of Atmel Diopsis 740 System on Chip showing memory blocks, logic and input/output pads around the periphery Microchips with a transparent window, showing the integrated circuit inside. ...

Non-VLSI VAXen

VAX 11/780

Star, TTL CPU, October 1977^[1]

VAX 11/750

Comet, More-compact, lower-performance TTL gate array-based implementation, October 1980

VAX 11/751

ruggedized rack-mount 11/750

VAX 11/730

Nebula, Still-more-compact, still-lower-performance bit slice implementation, April 1982

VAX 11/782

Atlas, Dual-processor 11/780

VAX 11/784

VAXimus, Four 11/780 CPUs sharing a single MA780 memory unit. Very rare

VAX 11/785

Superstar, Faster 11/780, April 1984

VAX 11/787

dual processor 11/785

VAX 11/788

VISQ

VAX 11/725

LCN, Low-Cost Nebula

VAX 8600

Venus, aka 11/790 during development, ECL gate array CPU, October 1984

VAX 8650

Morningstar, aka 11/795 during development, a faster 8600, last model to use SBI backplane also used by VAX 11/78x models, last model to have PDP-11 compatibility mode. All subsequent 8000 series models use VAXBI instead of SBI

VAX 8x00

Gemini, Fall-back in case the LSI-based Scorpio failed (never shipped)

VAX 8500

Flounder, Single-processor, deliberately-slowed VAX 8700

VAX 8530

Skipjack, Single-processor, less-slowed VAX 8700

VAX 8550

Skipjack, Single-processor 8800, unexpandable

VAX 8700

Nautilus, Single-processor Nautilus, expandable to full 8800

VAX 8800

Nautilus, Dual-processor ECL Macrocell array-based implementation, January 1986. Later also known as VAX 8820N

VAX 8810/8820/8830/8840

Polarstar, a Nautilus variant with one to four processors and an updated console processor

VAX 8974/8978

cluster comprising four or eight VAX 8810s respectively, January 1987

VAX 9000

Aridus, Air-cooled. Originally designed to be water-cooled, named Aquarius, ECL macrocell array CPU, VAXBI, October 1989^[2]

VAX 9000 Model 110

VAX 9000 Model 210

VAX 9000 Model 310

VAX 9000 Model 4x0

x = number of processors, 1–4

A Motorola 68000-based computer with various TTL chips. ... A Gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of ASICs. ... In electronics, emitter coupled logic, or ECL, is a logic family in which current is steered through bipolar transistors to compute logical functions. ... A Gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of ASICs. ... The Synchronous Backplane Interconnect (SBI) was the internal processor-memory bus used by early VAX computers manufactured by the Digital Equipment Corporation of Maynard, Massachusetts, Massachusetts. ... The VAXBI Bus was a computer bus designed and sold by the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) of Maynard, Massachusetts. ... A macrocell array is an approach to the design and manufacture of ASICs. ...

A transitional VAX

MicroVAX/VAXstation I

Seahorse, October 1984

VLSI VAXen

MicroVAX series

some models also sold as VAXservers

MicroVAX II

Mayflower, KA630 CPU, May 1985

Industrial VAX 630

MicroVAX II in BA213 enclosure

MicroVAX III

BA23- or BA123-enclosure MicroVAX upgraded with KA650 CVAX CPU

MicroVAX III+

BA23- or BA123-enclosure MicroVAX upgraded with KA655 CPU

VAX 4

BA23- or BA123-enclosure MicroVAX upgraded with KA660 CPU

MicroVAX 2000

TeamMate, desktop form factor, February 1987

MicroVAX 3100 series

desktop form-factor, 1987 onwards

MicroVAX 3100 Model 10

TeamMate II, KA41-A CVAX processor

MicroVAX 3100 Model 10e

TeamMate II, KA41-D CVAX+ processor

MicroVAX 3100 Model 20

Model 10 in larger enclosure

MicroVAX 3100 Model 20e

Model 20 in larger enclosure

MicroVAX 3100 Model 30

Waverley/S, KA45 SOC CPU

MicroVAX 3100 Model 40

Model 30 in larger enclosure

MicroVAX 3100 Model 80

Waverley/M, KA47 Mariah CPU

MicroVAX 3100 Model 85

Waverley/M+, KA55 NVAX CPU

MicroVAX 3100 Model 88

Waverley/M+, KA58 NVAX CPU

MicroVAX 3100 Model 90

Cheetah, KA50 NVAX CPU

MicroVAX 3100 Model 95

Cheetah+, KA51 NVAX CPU

MicroVAX 3100 Model 96

Cheetah++, KA56 NVAX CPU

MicroVAX 3100 Model 98

Cheetah++, KA59 NVAX CPU

MicroVAX 3300/3400

Mayfair, used KA640 CPU card

MicroVAX 3500/3600

Mayfair-II, used KA650 CPU card, September 1987

MicroVAX 3800/3900

Mayfair-III, used KA655 CPU card

VAXstation series

VAXstation II

MicroVAX II workstation configuration

VAXstation II/GPX

Caylith, hardware-enhanced, high-performance color graphics, December 1985

VAXstation 2000

VAXstar MicroVAX 2000 workstation configuration

VAXstation 3100 series

VAXstation 3100 Model 30

PVAX, KA42-A CVAX CPU

VAXstation 3100 Model 38

PVAX rev#7, KA42-B CVAX CPU

VAXstation 3100 Model 40

Model 30 in larger enclosure

VAXstation 3100 Model 48

Model 38 in larger enclosure

VAXstation 3100 Model 76

RigelMAX, KA43-A Rigel CPU

VT1300

X terminal (essentially a diskless VAXstation 3100 Model 30)

VAXstation 3200/3500

Mayfair/GPX, KA650 CVAX CPU

VAXstation 3520/3540

Firefox, two or four KA60 CVAX processors

VAXstation 4000

TURBOchannel bus

VAXstation 4000/VLC aka Model 30

PVAX2/VLC, KA48 SOC ("System On Chip") CPU, slim pizza box, accepting standard 72-pin parity SIMM modules

VAXstation 4000 Model 60

PMariah, KA46 Mariah CPU

VAXstation 4000 Model 90

Cougar, KA49-A NVAX CPU

VAXstation 4000 Model 90A

Cougar+, KA49-A NVAX CPU

VAXstation 4000 Model 96

Cougar++, KA49-C NVAX CPU

VAXstation 8000

Lynx, very rare high-end 3D workstation based on VAX 8200

VAX 4000 series

MicroVAX name dropped

VAX 4000 Model 50

VAXbrick, KA600 NVAX processor, CPU upgrade for MicroVAX 3x00 or VAX 4000-200

VAX 4000 Model 100/100A

Cheetah-Q, KA52 NVAX processor

VAX 4000 Model 105A

Cheetah-Q+, faster KA53 NVAX processor

VAX 4000 Model 106A/108

Cheetah-Q++, faster KA54/KA57 NVAX processor

VAX 4000 Model 200

Spitfire, KA660 SOC processor

VAX 4000 Model 300

Pele, KA670 Rigel 1.5 µm CMOS processor chipset,^[3] mid-1989

VAX 4000 Model 400

Omega, KA675 NVAX processor

VAX 4000 Model 500/500A

Omega/N, KA680/KA681 NVAX processor

VAX 4000 Model 505A/600/600A

Omega/N+, KA690/KA691 NVAX processor

VAX 4000 Model 700A

Legacy, KA692 NVAX processor

VAX 4000 Model 705A

Legacy+, KA694 NVAX processor

KA820-AA CPU for 8250/8350

VAX 8200/8300

Scorpio, one or two V-11 CPUs respectively, VAXBI backplane, January 1986

VAX 8250/8350

Faster Scorpios

VAX 6000 series 

x = number of processors, max 6 for the 600 series

VAX 6000 Model 2x0 aka VAX 62x0 series

Calypso,: used CVAX chipset, April 1988

VAX 6000 Model 3x0 aka VAX 63x0 series

Hyperion, CVAX+ 1.5 µm CMOS processor chipset, January 1989

VAX 6000 Model 4x0 aka VAX 64x0 series

Calypso/XRP, Rigel 1.5 µm CMOS chipset, mid-1989

VAX 6000 Model 5x0 aka VAX 65x0 series

Calypso/XMP, Mariah 1.0 µm CMOS chipset, October 1990

VAX 6000 Model 6x0 aka VAX 66x0 series

Neptune, NVAX 0.75 µm CMOS chipset, November 1991

VAX 6333

prepackaged cluster of VAX 6000 Model 300 series

VAX 7000 series

VAX 7000 Model 6x0

Laser/Neon, Up to six NVAX+ processors, field-upgradable to Alpha AXP 64-bit processor(s) (ie. DEC 7000 AXP configuration), July 1992

VAX 7000 Model 7x0

Laser/Krypton, NVAX5 processor(s)

VAX 7000 Model 8x0

Laser/Krypton+, faster NVAX5 processor(s)

VAX 10000 Model 6x0

Blazer, similar to VAX 7000 Model 6x0

VAXft fault-tolerant series

VAXft 3000 Model 310

Cirrus, CVAX+ CPUs, two-processor, lock-stepped fault tolerant system, February 1990

VAXft Model 110

slower, lower cost Cirrus

VAXft Model 410/610/612

Cirrus II, SOC CPUs

VAXft Model 810

Jetstream, NVAX+ CPUs

VAX XXXX

BVAX, High-end VAX (never shipped)

In computing, the X Window System (commonly X11 or X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays. ... A DEC 3000/M600. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 694 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2330 × 2013 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 694 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2330 × 2013 pixel, file size: 1. ... The VAXBI Bus was a computer bus designed and sold by the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) of Maynard, Massachusetts. ... DEC Alpha AXP 21064 Microprocessor die photo Package for DEC Alpha AXP 21064 Microprocessor Alpha AXP 21064 bare die mounted on a business card with some statistics The DEC Alpha, also known as the Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit RISC microprocessor originally developed and fabricated by Digital Equipment Corp... Fault tolerant systems are devices that are designed and built to successfully operate even in the presence of an error or broken parts. ...

References

1. ^ VAX timeline, Hewlett Packard website
2. ^ DIGITAL Computing Timeline
3. ^ Trailing edge, The Computer History Simulation Project

External links

• OpenVMS.org For OpenVMS users; has some VAX coverage
• VAX Performance Upgrades from Nemonix Engineering
• VAX timeline – From HP's website
• DEC Microprocessors
• SRI CHARON-VAX Emulator
• NetBSD VAX Hardware Documentation
• Paul Hardy's VMS CPU Model Summary
• VAXarchive
• Chuck's House of VAX
• OpenBSD on VAX
• OpenVMS FAQ