 A range of Vacutainer tubes containing blood. Vacutainer® is a trademark of Becton, Dickinson and company for a kind of test tube designed for venipuncture. A range of vacutainers in different colours, from a distance. ...
A trademark (Commonwealth English: trade mark) is a distinctive sign of some kind which is used by a business to uniquely identify itself and its products and services to consumers, and to distinguish the business and its products or services from those of other businesses. ...
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A test tube (Sometimes culture tube) is a kind of laboratory glassware, composed of a fingerlike length of glass tubing, open at the top, sometimes with a rounded lip at the top, and a rounded U shaped bottom. ...
Venipuncture (also known as phlebotomy or simply bleeding) is the process of obtaining blood from someone, from one of their veins. ...
Principles
 Tiger top vacutainer filled with blood. The vein is first punctured with the hypodermic needle, which is connected to a translucent plastic holder. The needle actually has a second, smaller needle, and when a Vacutainer test tube is pushed down into the holder, its rubber cap is pierced. The vacuum in the tube sucks blood though the needle and fills itself. The tube is then removed and another can be inserted and filled the same way. It is important to remove the tube before withdrawing the needle, as there may still be some suction left, causing pain upon withdrawal. Image File history File linksMetadata Vacutainer_01. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Vacutainer_01. ...
In geology, a vein is a finite volume within a rock, having a distinct shape, filled with mono or poly mineralic crystal aggregates, which were precipitated from an (aqueous) fluid or melt. ...
Different bevels on hypodermic needles Syringe on left, hypodermic needle with attached color-coded luer lock on right. ...
Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of a number of plants but can also be produced synthetically. ...
The test tubes are covered with a colour-coded plastic cap. They often include additives that mix with the blood when collected (see below), and the colour of the tube's plastic cap indicates which additives that tube contains.
The plastic caps are opaque for tubes with a normal vacuum. Translucent-topped tubes contain a weaker vacuum in the same sized tube, and will obtain less blood. The weaker suction makes them more suitable for smaller sized veins. Because of the standardised suction of the tubes, they may cause the veins of elderly people, or those with delicate veins, to collapse. In this case a syringe should be used instead. A syringe consists of a plunger fitted to a tube, called the barrel, which has a small opening on one end. ...
Contents of tubes
 A large SST vacutainer. The tubes may contain additional substances that preserve the blood for processing in the medical laboratory. Using the wrong tube may therefore make the blood sample unuseable. SST vacutainer spun down, with some serum already removed. ...
A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on biological specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient. ...
The substances may include anticoagulants (EDTA, lithium citrate, heparin) or a gel with intermediate density between blood cells and blood plasma. When the tube is centrifuged, the blood cells sink to the bottom of the tube, are covered by a layer of the gel, and the plasma (or serum) is left on top. The gel enables the tube to be tipped upside-down, and transported without the blood cells remixing with the plasma. An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. ...
Lithium salts are chemical salts of lithium used as mood stabilizing drugs, primarily in the treatment of bipolar disorder, depression, and mania; but also in treating schizophrenia. ...
Heparin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
A blood cell is any cell of any type normally found in blood. ...
Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. ...
A laboratory centrifuge tabletop centrifuge A centrifuge is a piece of equipment that puts a substance in rotation around a fixed axis in order for the centrifugal force to separate a fluid from a fluid or from a solid substance. ...
The meaning of the different colors are standardized across manufacturers. For more details on the meaning of these different colors, see [1], [2], [3], or the bottom of [4].
The "Order of Draw" refers to the sequence in which these tubes should be filled. (For more details, see the External links section.)
including coagulants - Gold - A serum-separating tube (SST). These contain particles that cause blood to clot quickly, as well as a gel to separate blood cells from serum. (Because the blood has clotted before it has been centrifuged, the liquid part is called serum not plasma.)
- Orange - These tubes contain thrombin which makes the blot clot extremely rapidly. This allows the serum to be analysed in a shorter time.
Serum-separating tubes also known as a serum separator tubes, Tyco Healthcare Corvac (trademark) tubes, or SSTs. ...
Thrombin (activated Factor II) is a coagulation protein that has many effects in the coagulation cascade. ...
including anticoagulants - Green - Contains the lithium salt of heparin, an anticoagulant. Also may contain ammonium or sodium salts of heparin.
- Purple or lavender - contains EDTA. This is a strong anticoagulant and these tubes are usually used for full blood counts and blood films. Can also be used for blood bank.
- Grey - These tubes contain fluoride and oxalate. Fluoride prevents enzymes in the blood from working, so a substrate such as glucose will not be gradually used up during storage. Oxalate is an anticoagulant.
- Light blue - Contain a measured amount of citrate. Citrate is a reversible anticoagulant, and these tubes are used for coagulation assays. Because the liquid citrate dilutes the blood, it is important the tube is full so the dilution is properly accounted for.
- Dark Blue - Contains the sodium salt of heparin, an anticoagulant. Also can contain EDTA as an additive or have no additive. These tubes are used for trace metal analysis.
- Pink - Similar to purple tubes (both contain EDTA) these are used for ABO grouping and cross-matching.
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EDTA EDTA is the chemical compound ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, otherwise known as edetate, versene, or diaminoethanetetraacetic acid disodium salt. ...
A full blood count (FBC) or complete blood count (CBC) is a test requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patients blood. ...
A microscopic view of an abnormal blood film. ...
The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...
The oxalate (also ethanedioate) ion is (COO)22- (oxalic acid minus two hydrogen ions). ...
Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide, is one of the most important carbohydrates. ...
The citrate ion can be written C3H5O(COO)33-, that is, citric acid minus three hydrogen ions. ...
The coagulation of blood is a complex process during which blood forms solid clots. ...
Heparin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
A blood type is a description of an individuals characteristics of red blood cells due to substances (carbohydrates and proteins) on the cell membrane. ...
In medicine, Cross-matching refers to the process of performing blood tests to determine the similarity between two different blood types. ...
other - Red - Contains no additives. Tests for antibodies and drugs often require these.
- Light yellow - Used in HLA phenotyping. Also contains SPS, used for blood cultures.
- Speckled top -- no anticoagulant. Also called a "tiger top" tube. Contains clot activator.
The human lymphocyte antigen system (HLA) is the general name of a group of genes in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on human chromosome 6 (mouse chromosome 17) that encodes the cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins. ...
Miscellaneous The purple top tube became an issue in the O. J. Simpson murder trial when the defense alleged that small droplets of blood found at the crime scene contained the preservative EDTA; had this been true, it would have meant that the droplet might have been taken from the purple top tube used to collect Simpson's blood and planted at the crime scene. O.J. Simpsons mugshot, taken in 1994 Orenthal James Simpson (born July 9, 1947 in San Francisco, California), publicly known by the initials O.J., and nicknamed The Juice, was a Hall of Fame former college and professional football player and film actor. ...
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