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In chemistry, valence electrons are the electrons contained in the outermost, or valence, electron shell of an atom. Valence electrons are important in determining how an element reacts chemically with other elements: The fewer valence electrons an atom holds, the less stable it becomes and the more likely it is to react. For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Electron (disambiguation). ...
Example of a sodium electron shell model An electron shell, also known as a main energy level, is a group of atomic orbitals with the same value of the principal quantum number n. ...
For other uses, see Atom (disambiguation). ...
The periodic table of the chemical elements A chemical element, or element, is a type of atom that is defined by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its nucleus. ...
Reactivity refers to the rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction in time. ...
For other uses, see Chemical reaction (disambiguation). ...
The number of valence electrons | Valence Electrons |
 | Helium atom model
This helium (He) model displays two valence electrons
located in its outermost energy level.
Helium is a member of the noble gases and contains
two protons, neutrons, and electrons. | The number of valence electrons an element has is determined by its periodic table group (vertical column) in which the sup element is categorized. With the exception of groups 3–12 (transition metals), the number within the unit's place identifies how many valence electrons are contained within the elements listed under that particular column. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
For other uses, see Helium (disambiguation). ...
The noble gases are a chemical series. ...
For other uses, see Proton (disambiguation). ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
For other uses, see Electron (disambiguation). ...
A periodic table group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. ...
In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc, cadmium and mercury. ...
* Valence electrons are not generally useful for transition metals. A periodic table group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. ...
The alkali metals are a series of elements comprising Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ...
The alkaline earth metals are a series of elements comprising Group 2 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). ...
In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc, cadmium and mercury. ...
The Boron group is the series of elements in group 13 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ...
The carbon group is group 14 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ...
The Nitrogen group elements (a. ...
The chalcogens (with the ch pronounced with a hard c as in chemistry) are the name for the periodic table group 16 (old-style: VIB or VIA) in the periodic table. ...
This article is about the chemical series. ...
The noble gases are a chemical series. ...
** Except for helium, which only has two electrons. For other uses, see Helium (disambiguation). ...
Valence electrons in chemical reactions in an atom's outermost valence shell governs its bonding behavior. Therefore, elements with the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the periodic table of the elements. As a general rule, the fewer electrons in an atom's valence shell, the more reactive it is. Group 1 alkali metals are therefore very reactive, with lithium, sodium, and potassium being the most reactive of all metals. Every atom is much more stable, or less reactive, with a full valence shell. This can be achieved one of two ways: an atom can either share electrons with neighboring atoms, a covalent bond, or it can remove electrons from other atoms, an ionic bond. Another form of ionic bonding involves an atom giving some of its electrons to another atom; this also works because it can end up with a full valence by giving up its entire outer shell. By moving electrons, the two atoms become linked. This is known as chemical bonding and serves to build atoms into molecules or ionic compounds. Five major types of bonds exist: A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds. ...
“The Periodic Table†redirects here. ...
Reactivity refers to the rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction in time. ...
The alkali metals are a series of elements comprising Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ...
This article is about the chemical element named Lithium. ...
For sodium in the diet, see Edible salt. ...
General Name, symbol, number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, period, block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 39. ...
“Covalent†redirects here. ...
Electron configurations of lithium and fluorine. ...
A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds. ...
3D (left and center) and 2D (right) representations of the terpenoid molecule atisane. ...
The valence electrons are also responsible for determining the electrical conductivity nature of an element. Electron configurations of lithium and fluorine. ...
“Covalent†redirects here. ...
A coordinate covalent bond (also known as dative bond) is a description of covalent bonding in many kinds of compounds. ...
An example of a quadruple hydrogen bond between a self-assembled dimer complex reported by Meijer and coworkers. ...
Metallic bonds are found in metals like copper. ...
Electrical conductivity or specific conductivity is a measure of a materials ability to conduct an electric current. ...
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