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Publius Licinius Valerianus[1] (c. 200 - after 260), known in English as Valerian, was Roman Emperor from 253 to 260. Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law This article discusses the nature of the imperial dignity, and its dynastic development throughout the history of the Empire. ...
For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...
Image File history File links Valerian. ...
Fortuna governs the circle of the four stages of life, the Wheel of Fortune, in a manuscript of Carmina Burana In Roman mythology, Fortuna (equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche) was the personification of luck, hopefully of good luck, but she could be represented veiled and blind, as modern depictions...
For the book see 253 (book). ...
Events Valerian I captured by the Persian king Shapur I; Gallienus becomes sole Roman emperor. ...
Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ...
For other uses, see number 200. ...
Events Valerian I captured by the Persian king Shapur I; Gallienus becomes sole Roman emperor. ...
Ruins of Bishapur Sassanian relief, Bishapur Bishapur (or Bishâpûr) is an ancient city situated south of modern Faliyan, Iran on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. ...
Aemilianus celebrating peace-maker Mars god of war. ...
Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ...
Egnatia Mariniana probably was the wife of Roman Emperor Valerian and mother of Emperor Gallienus. ...
Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ...
Valerianus Minor was likely killed in between the time his brother Gallienus and his father Valerian I were killed, between 260-268 AD, so that there was no chance to usurp the throne from the usurpers was given. ...
For other uses, see number 200. ...
Events Valerian I captured by the Persian king Shapur I; Gallienus becomes sole Roman emperor. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law This article discusses the nature of the imperial dignity, and its dynastic development throughout the history of the Empire. ...
For the book see 253 (book). ...
Life
Origins and rise to power Unlike the majority of the pretenders during the Crisis of the Third Century, Valerian was of a noble and traditional senatorial family. Details of his early life are elusive, but for his marriage to Egnatia Mariniana, who gave him two sons: later emperor Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus and Valerianus Minor. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Egnatia Mariniana probably was the wife of Roman Emperor Valerian and mother of Emperor Gallienus. ...
Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ...
Emperor Maximinus Thrax, ruled 235-238, was the first of the emperors during the Crisis of the Third Century. ...
The Roman Senate (Latin: Senatus) was the main governing council of both the Roman Republic, which started in 509 BC, and the Roman Empire. ...
Egnatia Mariniana probably was the wife of Roman Emperor Valerian and mother of Emperor Gallienus. ...
Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ...
Valerianus Minor was likely killed in between the time his brother Gallienus and his father Valerian I were killed, between 260-268 AD, so that there was no chance to usurp the throne from the usurpers was given. ...
In 238 he was princeps senatus, and Gordian I negotiated through him for Senatorial acknowledgement for his claim as emperor. In 251, when Decius revived the censorship with legislative and executive powers so extensive that it practically embraced the civil authority of the emperor, Valerian was chosen censor by the Senate, though he declined to accept the post. Under Decius he was nominated governor of the Rhine provinces of Noricum and Raetia and retained the confidence of his successor, Trebonianus Gallus, who asked him for reinforcements to quell the rebellion of Aemilianus in 253. Valerian headed south, but was too late: Gallus' own troops had killed him and joined Aemilianus before his arrival. The Raetian soldiers then proclaimed Valerian emperor and continued their march towards Rome. At the time of his arrival in September, Aemilianus' legions defected, killing him and proclaiming Valerian emperor. In Rome, the Senate quickly acknowledged him, not only for fear of reprisals, but also because he was one of their own. Events Carpians invade Moesia, Maximinus Thrax campaigns against them. ...
The princeps senatus (plural principes senatus) was the leader of the Roman senate. ...
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (c. ...
Events July 1 – In the Battle of Abrittus, the Goths defeat the Romans; emperors Decius and Herennius Etruscus are killed. ...
Bust of Traianus Decius. ...
Censor was the title of two magistrates of high rank in the Roman Republic. ...
For other uses, see Rhine (disambiguation). ...
Noricum in ancient geography was a celtic kingdom in Austria and later a province of the Roman Empire. ...
The Roman Empire ca. ...
Trebonianus Gallus on a coin celebrating Aeternitas. ...
Aemilianus celebrating peace-maker Mars god of war. ...
For the book see 253 (book). ...
Rule and fall Valerian's first act as emperor was to make his son Gallienus his colleague. In the beginning of his reign the affairs in Europe went from bad to worse and the whole West fell into disorder. In the East, Antioch had fallen into the hands of a Sassanid vassal, Armenia was occupied by Shapur I (Sapor). Valerian and Gallienus split the problems of the empire between the two, with the son taking the West and the father heading East to face the Persian threat. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Antakya. ...
The Sassanid Empire in the time of Shapur I; the conquest of Cappadocia was temporary Official language Pahlavi (Middle Persian) Dominant Religion Zoroastrianism Capital Ctesiphon Sovereigns Shahanshah of the Iran (Eranshahr) First Ruler Ardashir I Last Ruler Yazdegerd III Establishment 224 AD Dissolution 651 AD Part of the History of...
A coin of Shapur I. Shapur I, son of Ardashir I (226–241), was King of Persia from 241 to 272. ...
By 257, Valerian had already recovered Antioch and returned the province of Syria to Roman control but in the following year, the Goths ravaged Asia Minor. Later in 259, he moved to Edessa, but an outbreak of plague killed a critical number of legionaries, weakening the Roman position. Valerian was then forced to seek terms with Shapur I. Sometime towards the end of 259, or at the beginning of 260, Valerian was defeated in the Battle of Edessa and taken prisoner by the Persians. Valerian's capture was a humiliating defeat for Romans. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 535 pixelsFull resolution (896 × 599 pixel, file size: 125 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 535 pixelsFull resolution (896 × 599 pixel, file size: 125 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Bas-relief (pronounced bah-relief, French for low relief) is a method of sculpting which entails carving or etching away the surface of a flat piece of stone or metal creating a sculpture portrayed as a picture. ...
A coin of Shapur I. Shapur I, son of Ardashir I (226–241), was King of Persia from 241 to 272. ...
For other uses, see Shiraz (disambiguation). ...
Events Pope Sixtus II succeeds Pope Stephen I Births Saint Gregory the Illuminator, founder and patron saint of the Armenian Church (approximate date) Deaths Pope Stephen I Categories: 257 ...
This article is about the Germanic tribes. ...
Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ...
Valerian (david neiman was here) captured by the Alamanni (possibly 260) The Franks who invaded the Roman Empire near Cologne in 257, reach Tarraco in Hispania Pope Dionysius elected. ...
The heritage of Roman Edessa survives today in these columns at the site of Urfa Castle, dominating the skyline of the modern city of Şanlı Urfa. ...
Bubonic plague is the best-known manifestation of the bacterial disease plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. ...
Roman legionaries, 1st century. ...
Valerian (david neiman was here) captured by the Alamanni (possibly 260) The Franks who invaded the Roman Empire near Cologne in 257, reach Tarraco in Hispania Pope Dionysius elected. ...
Combatants Sassanid Empire Roman Empire Commanders Shapur I Valerian Strength 40,000 70,000 including Praetorian Guard Casualties Minimal Heavy The Battle of Edessa took place between the armies of the Roman Empire under the command of Emperor Valerian and Sassanid forces under King Shapur I in 259. ...
Valerian's massacre of 258 According to the Catholic Encyclopedia article on Valerian: Not to be confused with New Catholic Encyclopedia. ...
- "In 258, by a new and absolutely merciless edict, bishops, priests, and deacons were executed immediately, men of senatorial and equestrian rank were punished with degradation and confiscation of goods to be followed by death if they refused to offer heathen sacrifice, women were threatened with confiscation of their property and exile, and Christians in the imperial household were sent in chains to perform forced labour on the imperial domains. In this persecution Christian Rome and Carthage lost their leaders: Pope Sixtus was seized on 6 August, 258, in one of the Catacombs and was put to death; Cyprian of Carthage suffered martyrdom on 14 September. Another celebrated martyr was the Roman deacon St. Lawrence. In Spain Bishop Fructuosus of Tarragona and his two deacons were put to death on 21 January, 259. There were also executions in the eastern provinces (Eusebius, VII, xii). Taken altogether, however, the repressions were limited to scattered spots and had no great success."
Sixtus was a Roman name, originally meaning sixth (child), but later being used for any child, regardless of order. ...
This page does not concern Cyprian, Metropolitan of Moscow. ...
This page concerns the Christian martyr. ...
Saint Fructuosus of Tarragona ( Sant Fructuós) (died 259) was a bishop and Christian saint and martyr, the outstanding name in the early history of Christianity in Hispania. ...
Death in captivity An early Christian source, Lactantius, maintained that for some time prior to his death Valerian was subjected to the greatest insults by his captors, such as being used as a human footstool by Shapur when mounting his horse. According to this version of events, after a long period of such treatment Valerian offered Shapur a huge ransom for his release. In reply, according to one version, Shapur was said to have forced Valerian to swallow molten gold (the other version of his death is almost the same but it says that Valerian was killed by being flayed alive) and then had the unfortunate Valerian skinned and his skin stuffed with straw and preserved as a trophy in the main Persian temple. It was further alleged by Lactantius that it was only after a later Persian defeat against Rome that his skin was given a cremation and burial.[2] The role of a Chinese prince held hostage by Shapur I, in the events following the death of Valerian has been frequently debated by historians, without reaching any definitive conclusion. Lucius Caelius (or Caecilius?) Firmianus Lactantius was an early Christian author who wrote in Latin (c. ...
Some modern scholars believe that, contrary to Lactantius' account, Shapur I sent Valerian and some of his army to the city of Bishapur where they lived in relatively good condition. Shapur used the remaining soldiers in engineering and development plans. Band-e Kaisar (Caesar's dam) is one of the remnants of Roman engineering located near the ancient city of Susa.[3] In all the stone carvings on Naghshe-Rostam, in Iran, Valerian is respected by holding hands with Shapur I, in sign of submission. Download high resolution version (839x877, 160 KB)The Humiliation of the Emperor Valerian by the Persian King Sapor The Humiliation of Emperor Valerian by ShapurI, pan and ink, Hans Holbein the Younger, c. ...
Download high resolution version (839x877, 160 KB)The Humiliation of the Emperor Valerian by the Persian King Sapor The Humiliation of Emperor Valerian by ShapurI, pan and ink, Hans Holbein the Younger, c. ...
Valerian on a coin celebrating goddess Fortuna, associated with health and wealth. ...
A coin of Shapur I Shapur I, son of Ardashir I, was king of Persia from 241 to 272. ...
A 1543 portrait miniature of Hans Holbein the Younger by Lucas Horenbout Holbeins 1533 painting The Ambassadors Hans Holbein the Younger (c. ...
A coin of Shapur I. Shapur I, son of Ardashir I (226–241), was King of Persia from 241 to 272. ...
Ruins of Bishapur Sassanian relief, Bishapur Bishapur (or Bishâpûr) is an ancient city situated south of modern Faliyan, Iran on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. ...
For other uses, see Susa (disambiguation). ...
It is generally supposed that some of Lactantius' account is motivated by his desire to establish that persecutors of the Christians died fitting deaths[4]; the story was repeated then and later by authors in the Roman Near East "fiercely hostile" to Persia[5]. Lucius Caelius (or Caecilius?) Firmianus Lactantius was an early Christian author who wrote in Latin (c. ...
Other modern scholars tend to give at least some credence to Lactantius' account.[6]
Valerian and Gallienus' joint rule was threatened several times by usurpers. Despite several usurpation attempts, Gallienus secured the throne until his own assassination in 268. Usurpers were a common feature of the late Roman Empire, especially from the so-called crisis of the third century onwards, when political instability became the rule. ...
This article is about the year 268. ...
Owing to imperfect and often contradictory sources, the chronology and details of this reign are very uncertain.
Family - Gallienus
- Valerianus Minor was the son of the Roman Emperor Valerian I. He was probably killed by usurpers, some time between the capture of his father in AD 260 and the assassination of his brother Gallienus in 268.
Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ...
See also ΧÉThe Gallienus usurpers were the usurpers who claimed imperial power during the reign of Gallienus (253–268). ...
References - ^ Valerian full title was IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS, "Emperor Caesar Publius Licinus Valerianus Pious Lucky Unconquered Augustus".
- ^ Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum, v; Wickert, L., "Licinius (Egnatius) 84" in Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopädie 13.1 (1926), 488-495; Parker, H., A History of the Roman World A.D. 138 to 337 (London, 1958), 170. From [1].
- ^ Abdolhossein Zarinkoob "Ruzgaran: tarikh-i Iran az aghz ta saqut saltnat Pahlvi" pp. 195
- ^ Meijer, Fik (2004). Emperors don't die in bed. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-31202-7.
- ^ Isaacs, Benjamin. The Near East under Roman Rule. Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 440. ISBN 90-04-09989-1.
- ^ Reiner, Erica. "The Reddling of Valerian." The Classical Quarterly 56:0101, 325-329, Cambridge University Press, 5/2006.
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
Lucius Caelius (or Caecilius?) Firmianus Lactantius was an early Christian author who wrote in Latin (c. ...
Pauly-Wissowa is the name commonly used for the Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, 1894ff, a German encyclopedia of classical scholarship. ...
Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ...
The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
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Aemilianus celebrating peace-maker Mars god of war. ...
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Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ...
Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ...
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Trebonianus Gallus on a coin celebrating Aeternitas. ...
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Volusianus protrait on a tetradrachm. ...
Aemilianus celebrating peace-maker Mars god of war. ...
Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ...
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Magnus Maximus. ...
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Byzantine Empire
395–1204 | Arcadius · Theodosius II · Pulcheria · Marcian · Leo I · Leo II · Zeno · Basiliscus · Anastasius I · Justin I · Justinian I · Justin II · Tiberius II Constantine · Maurice · Phocas · Heraclius · Constantine III · Heraklonas · Constans II · Mezezius · Constantine IV · Justinian II · Leontios · Tiberios III · Philippikos · Anastasios II · Theodosios III · Leo III the Isaurian · Constantine V · Artabasdos · Leo IV the Khazar · Constantine VI · Irene · Nikephoros I · Staurakios · Michael I Rangabe · Leo V the Armenian · Michael II · Theophilos · Theodora I · Michael III · Basil I · Leo VI the Wise · Alexander · Constantine VII · Romanos I · Romanos II · Nikephoros II · John I Tzimiskes · Basil II · Constantine VIII · Zoe · Romanos III · Michael IV · Michael V · Constantine IX · Theodora II · Michael VI · Isaac I · Constantine X · Michael VII · Romanos IV · Nikephoros III · Alexios I · John II · Manuel I · Alexios II · Andronikos I · Isaac II · Alexios III Angelos · Alexios IV · Nikolaos Kanabos · Alexios V This is a list of the Roman Emperors with the dates they ruled the Roman Empire. ...
This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. ...
Events After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is divided in an eastern and a western half. ...
[Neilhughandafriendlypeasant. ...
Idealising bust of Arcadius in the Theodosian style combines elements of classicism with the new hieratic style (Istanbul Archaeology Museum) Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Arcadius For the Greek grammarian, see Arcadius of Antioch. ...
Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius II (April, 401 - July 28, 450 ). The eldest son of Eudoxia and Arcadius who at the age of 7 became the Roman Emperor of the East. ...
Pulcheria (January 19, 399 – 453) was the daughter of the Eastern Roman Emperor Arcadius and Aelia Eudoxia. ...
Another but lesser Marcian was a son-in-law of Byzantine Emperor Leo I and his queen Verina. ...
Leo I coin. ...
Imperator Caesar Flavius Leo Augustus or Leo II (467- November 17, 474) served as Eastern Roman Emperor from January 18 to November 17, 474. ...
Flavius Zeno (c. ...
For the genus of lizards, see Basiliscus (genus). ...
Flavius Anastasius. ...
Flavius Iustinus Augustus. ...
This article is about the Roman emperor. ...
Flavius Iustinus Iunior Augustus Flavius Iustinus Iunior Augustus or Justin The Divine (c. ...
Flavius Tiberius Constantinus Augustus or Tiberius II Constantine (c. ...
A solidus of Maurikios reign. ...
Phocas on a contemporary coin Flavius Phocas Augustus, Eastern Roman Emperor (reigned 602–610), is perhaps one of the most maligned figures to have held the Imperial title in the long history of Rome and Byzantium. ...
For the Patriarch of Jerusalem, see Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem. ...
Roman coin depicting, on its face, Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas Heraclius Constantine or Constantine III (May 3, 612 - April 20/24 or May 26, 641) was the eldest son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudocia, and ruled as Emperor for four months...
Herakleios with his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas. ...
Constans and his son Constantine. ...
Mezezius also known as Mecetius, Bizantine usurper in Sicily from 668 to 669. ...
Constantine IV on a contemporary coin Constantine IV (649-685); sometimes incorrectly called Pogonatus, meaning the Bearded, like his father; was Byzantine emperor from 668-685. ...
Justinian II, known as Rhinotmetus (the Split-nosed) (669-711) was a Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian Dynasty, reigned from 685 to 695 and again from 704 to 711. ...
Leontios, showing the symbols of power: the crown, the globus cruciger, and the akakia. ...
Tiberius III, the German commander Apsimar. ...
Philippikos (FILIPICUS) coin, celebrating the victories of the emperor (VICTORIA AVGU). ...
Anastasios II kept his name, Artemios, also on his coinage; this solidus bears the legend APTEMIUS ANASTASIUS. Anastasios II or Anastasius II (Greek: Αναστάσιος Β΄), (died 718), Byzantine emperor, from 713 to 715. ...
Theodosios III or Theodosius III (Greek: Θεοδόσιος Γ΄), was Byzantine Emperor from 715 to March 25, 717. ...
Leo the Isaurian and his son Constantine V. Leo III the Isaurian or the Syrian (Greek: ΛÎων Γ΄, LeÅn III ), (c. ...
Constantine V with his father Leo III the Isaurian. ...
Artavasdos (erroneously Artabasdos or Artabasdus), (Greek: ΑÏταÏασδος, Artauasdos, from Armenian: Ô±Ö€Õ¿Õ¡Õ¾Õ¡Õ¦Õ¤, Artavazd ), was Byzantine Emperor from June 741 or 742 until November 743. ...
Leo IV the Khazar (Greek: ΛÎων Δ΄, LeÅn IV ), (January 25, 750 – September 8, 780), Byzantine Emperor from 775 to 780. ...
Constantine VI (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ϛ΄, KÅnstantinos VI; 771–797 or 805) was Byzantine Emperor from 780 to 797. ...
This solidus struck under Irene reports the legend bASILISSH, Basilissa. ...
Nikephoros I and his son and successor, Stauracius. ...
Staurakios on a coin issued by his father Nikephoros I. Staurakios or Stauracius (Greek: ΣταυÏάκιος), (d. ...
Michael I on a contemporary coin Michael I Rangabe (Greek: Μιχαήλ Α΄ ΡαγγαβÎ, MikhaÄ“l I Rangabe), (died January 11, 844) was Byzantine Emperor (811 - 813). ...
Contemporary coin of Leo V. Leo V, surnamed The Armenian (775 – December 24, 820), was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 813 to 820, after first distinguishing himself as a general in the reigns of Nicephorus I and Michael I Rhangabes. ...
Michael II and his son Theophilos, founders of the Amorian dynasty. ...
Theophilus, in the Chronicle of John Skylitzes Theophilos or Theophilus (Greek: Θεόφιλος), (813 – 20 January 842) was Byzantine emperor from 829 to 842. ...
Theodora depicted as ruler on this coin, with her son Michael, nominally emperor, and her daughter Thecla on the reverse. ...
This coin struck during the regency of Theodora shows how Michael was less prominent than his mother, who is represented as ruler alone on the obverse, and even than his sister Thecla, who is depicted together with the young Michael on the reverse of this coin. ...
Basil, his son Constantine, and his second wife, emperess Eudoxia Ingerina. ...
This follis by Leo VI bears the Byzantine Emperors official title, BASILEVS ROMEON, Emperor of the Romans; translation of text: Leo, by the grace of God, King of Romans Leo VI the Wise or the Philosopher (Greek: ΛÎων ΣΤ΄, LeÅn VI, Armenian: [1]), (September 19, 866 – May 11, 912) was Byzantine...
A Byzantine Mosaic portrait of Emperor Alexander (870 - 913) which was completed in the Emperors short reign. ...
Constantine and his mother Zoë. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, the Purple-born (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ζ΄ ΠοÏφυÏογÎννητος, KÅnstantinos VII PorphyrogennÄ“tos), (Constantinople, September 905 – November 9, 959 in Constantinople) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife Zoe Karbonopsina. ...
Contemporary coin of Romanus I. Romanos I Lekapenos or Romanus I Lecapenus (Greek: Ρωμανός Α΄ Λακαπήνος, RÅmanos I LakapÄ“nos) (c. ...
Romanus II (939 - 963) succeeded his father Constantine VII as Byzantine emperor in 959 at the age of twenty-one, and died, poisoned, it was believed, by his wife, Theophanu in 963. ...
Nicephorus Phocas redirects here. ...
Ioannes, protected by God and the Virgin Mary. ...
Painting of Basil II, from an 11th century manuscript. ...
Constantine VIII (in Greek Konstantinos VIII, written Κωνσταντίνος Η) (960 – November 15, 1028), Byzantine emperor (December 15, 1025 – November 15, 1028) was the son of the Emperor Romanus II and the younger brother of the eminent Basil II, who died childless and thus left the rule of the Byzantine Empire...
Empress Zoe as depicted in a mosaic from the Hagia Sophia Zoe (in Greek Ζωή, meaning life), (c. ...
Romanus III. Romanos III Argyros or Romanus III Argyrus (Greek: Ρωμανός Γ΄ ΑÏγυÏός, RÅmanos III Argyros), (968 – April 11, 1034) was Byzantine emperor (November 15, 1028 - April 11, 1034). ...
Michael IV (1010 – December 10, 1041), called the Paphlagonian (in Greek, Μιχαήλ Παφλαγών, meaning from the province of Paphlagonia), was Byzantine emperor from April 11, 1034 to December 10, 1041. ...
Michael V Calaphates (1015 - August 24, 1042) (in Greek Μιχαήλ Καλαφάτης, meaning the caulker), was the nephew and successor as Byzantine emperor of Michael IV and adoptive son of his wife Zoë. ...
Mosaic of Constantine IX and Empress Zoe Constantine IX Monomachus (c. ...
Theodora (in Greek Θεοδώρα, literally meaning Gift of God, lived 981 - August 31, 1056) ruled as Byzantine Empress from January 11, 1055 to August 31, 1056. ...
Michael VI Stratioticus, the warlike, was Byzantine emperor (1056 - 1057). ...
Isaac coin. ...
Constantine X Ducas (1006 - May, 1067) was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire (1059 - 1067). ...
Michael VII Ducas or Parapinakes, was the eldest son of Constantine X Ducas and Eudocia Macrembolitissa. ...
Diptych of Romanus and Eudocia Macrembolitissa, crowned by Christ (Bibliothèque nationale de France) Romanos IV Diogenes or Romanus IV Diogenes (Greek: Ρωμανός Δ΄ ΔιογÎνης, RÅmanos IV DiogenÄ“s) was Byzantine emperor from 1068 to 1071. ...
Nicephorus Botaniates. ...
Emperor Alexios I Komnenos Alexios I Komnenos or Alexius I Comnenus (Greek: ; Latin: ; 1048 – August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). ...
“John Komnenus†redirects here. ...
For the eldest son of Andronikos I Komnenos and father of Alexios I of Trebizond, see Manuel Komnenos (born 1145). ...
Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus (Greek: ΑλÎχιος Β’ Κομνηνός, Alexios II KomnÄ“nos) (14 September 1169 – October 1183, Constantinople), Byzantine emperor (1180-1183), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch. ...
Billon trachy (a cup-shaped coin) of Andronikos I Komnenos (1183-1185) Andronikos I Komnenos or Andronicus I Comnenus (Greek: ΑνδÏόνικος Α’ Κομνηνός, Andronikos I KomnÄ“nos) (c. ...
Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (Greek: Ισαάκιος Β’ Άγγελος, Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 – January 1204) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204. ...
Alexios III Angelos or Alexius III Angelus (Greek: ΑλÎξιος Γ Άγγελος) (c. ...
Alexius IV Angelus (c. ...
| | Empire of Nicaea
1204–1261 | Constantine Laskaris · Theodore I · John III · Theodore II · John IV This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. ...
[Neilhughandafriendlypeasant. ...
Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of...
Constantine Laskaris (Greek Κωνσταντίνος ΛάσκαÏης) was Byzantine emperor for a few months in 1204. ...
The Latin Empire, Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. ...
John III Doukas Vatatzes or Ducas Vatatzes (Greek: Ιωάννης Γ΄ ΔοÏκας Βατάτζης, IÅannÄ“s III Doukas BatatzÄ“s) (c. ...
Theodore II Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: ΘεόδωÏος Β΄ ΔοÏκας ΛάσκαÏις, TheodÅros II Doukas Laskaris) (1221/1222–August 18, 1258) was emperor of Nicaea, 1254–1258. ...
John IV Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ΄ ΔοÏκας ΛάσκαÏις, IÅannÄ“s IV Doukas Laskaris), December 25, 1250 - c. ...
| | Byzantine Empire
1261–1453 | Michael VIII · Andronikos II · Andronikos III · John V · John VI · Matthew · Andronikos IV · John VII · Andronikos V · Manuel II · John VIII · Constantine XI This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. ...
Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of...
April 2 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Ä°stanbul). ...
The Byzantine Empire in 1265 (William R. Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 1911) Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Μιχαήλ Η΄ Παλαιολόγος, Mikhaēl VIII Palaiologos) (1224/1225 – December 11, 1282) reigned as Byzantine emperor 1259–1282. ...
Andronikos II Palaiologos or Andronicus II Palaeologus (Greek: ) (1259/1260 – February 13, 1332), reigned as Byzantine emperor 1282–1328. ...
Andronikos III Palaiologos or Andronicus III Palaeologus (Greek: ΑνδÏόνικος Γ Παλαιολόγος) (March 25, 1297 - June 15, 1341) reigned as Byzantine emperor 1328–1341, after being rival emperor since 1321. ...
John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: , IÅannÄ“s V Palaiologos), (1332 – February 16, 1391) was the son of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and Anna of Savoy. ...
John VI Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzene (Greek: Ιωάννης ΣΤ΄ Καντακουζηνός, IÅannÄ“s VI KantakouzÄ“nos) (c. ...
Matthew Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzenus (Greek: Ματθαίος Ασάνης Καντακουζηνός, Matthaios Asanēs Kantakouzēnos) (c. ...
Andronikos IV Palaiologos or Andronicus IV Palaeologus (Greek: ΑνδÏόνικος Δ Παλαιολόγος) (April 2, 1348–June 28, 1385), was Byzantine emperor from 1376 to 1379. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Andronikos V Palaiologos or Andronicus V Palaeologus (Greek: ΑνδÏόνικος Ε Παλαιολόγος) (c. ...
Emperor Manuel II Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Μανουήλ Β΄ Παλαιολόγος, Manouēl II Palaiologos) (June 27, 1350 – July 21, 1425) was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425. ...
John VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek Ιωάννης Η Παλαιολόγος, IÅannÄ“s VIII Palaiologos) (December 18 1392 – October 31, 1448), was Byzantine Emperor from 1425 to 1448. ...
Constantine XI: The last Byzantine emperor is considered a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church. ...
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