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Encyclopedia > Valine
Valine
Chemical structure of Valine      Chemical structure of Valine
Systematic name (S)-2-amino-3-methyl-butanoic acid
Abbreviations Val
V
Chemical formula C5H11NO2
Molecular mass 117.15 g mol-1
Melting point 315 °C
Density 1.230 g cm-3
Isoelectric point 5.96
pKa 2.27
9.52
PubChem 1182
CAS number [72-18-4]
EINECS number 200-773-6
SMILES CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O
Disclaimer and references

Valine is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by humans, so it is considered an essential amino acid for human life. Valine is one of the 20 amino acids that make up all human proteins, therefore referred to as a proteinogenic amino acid. Along with leucine and isoleucine, valine is a branched-chain amino acid. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 503 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (613 × 731 pixel, file size: 31 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Valine User:Benjah-bmm27/Old gallery... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The molecular mass (abbreviated MM) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V. For the common case of a homogeneous substance, it is expressed as: where, in SI units: ρ (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg·m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg V is... The isoelectric point sucks (pI) is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge. ... The acid dissociation constant (Ka), also known as the acidity constant or the acid-ionization constant, is a specific equilibrium constant for the reaction of an acid with its conjugate base in aqueous solution [1]. // When an acid dissolves in water, it partly dissociates forming hydronium ions and its conjugate... PubChem is a database of chemical molecules. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... The EINECS number (for European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) is a registry number given to each chemical substance commercially available in the European Union between 1 January 1971 and 18 September 1981. ... The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... An essential amino acid or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized de novo by the organism (usually referring to humans), and therefore must be supplied in the diet. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... The twenty amino acids that are coded in the standard genetic code are called proteinogenic (protein building). ... Leucine is one of the 20 most common amino acids and coded for by DNA. It is isomeric with isoleucine. ... Isoleucine is one of the 20 natural amino acids, and is coded for in DNA. Its chemical composition is identical to that of leucine, but the arrangement of its atoms is slightly different, resulting in different properties. ... In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. ...


It is named after the plant valerian. Binomial name Valeriana officinalis L. & Maillefer Valerian (Valeriana officinalis, Valerianaceae) is a hardy perennial flowering plant, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers. ...


Nutritional sources of valine include cottage cheese, fish, poultry, peanuts, sesame seeds, and lentils. The updated USDA food pyramid, published in 2005, is a general nutrition guide for recommended food consumption. ...


In sickle-cell disease, valine substitutes for the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin: Because valine is hydrophobic, the hemoglobin does not fold correctly. Valine is uncharged overall, as its R group is neutral, and the charges from its amino and carboxylic acid groups balance out: a zwitterion. Sickle-cell disease is a group of genetic disorders caused by sickle hemoglobin (Hgb S or Hb S). ... The adjective hydrophilic describes something that likes water (from Greek hydros = water; philos = friend). ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. ... 3-dimensional structure of hemoglobin. ... In chemistry, hydrophobic or lipophilic species, or hydrophobes, tend to be electrically neutral and nonpolar, and thus prefer other neutral and nonpolar solvents or molecular environments. ... Protein folding is the process by which a protein assumes its characteristic functional shape or tertiary structure, also known as the native state. ... A side chain in organic chemistry and biochemistry which is a part of a molecule that is attached to a core structure. ... A zwitterion (from German Zwitter — hybrid, hermaphrodite) is a compound with acidic and basic groups in the same molecule. ...


In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, valine is one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. Like most cigarette additives, the reason for its inclusion is unknown. [1]


External links

  • Isoleucine and valine biosynthesis
  • Links to external chemical sources


v • d • e
Major Families of Biochemicals
Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides
Analogues of nucleic acids: The 20 Common Amino Acids Analogues of nucleic acids:
Alanine (dp) | Arginine (dp) | Asparagine (dp) | Aspartic acid (dp) | Cysteine (dp) | Glutamic acid (dp) | Glutamine (dp) | Glycine (dp) | Histidine (dp) | Isoleucine (dp) | Leucine (dp) | Lysine (dp) | Methionine (dp) | Phenylalanine (dp) | Proline (dp) | Serine (dp) | Threonine (dp) | Tryptophan (dp) | Tyrosine (dp) | Valine (dp)

  Results from FactBites:
 
Amino Acids - Valine (100 words)
Valine, an essential amino acid, is hydrophobic, and as expected, is usually found in the interior of proteins.
Valine differs from threonine by replacement of the hydroxyl group with a methyl substituent.
Valine is often referred to as one of the amino acids with hydrocarbon side chains, or as a branched chain amino acid.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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