NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Valledupar

Valledupar is a city and municipality in northeastern Colombia, capital of the Department of Cesar founded in 1550 by Spanish Conqueror Hernando de Santana. Its name Valle de Upar (Valley of Upar) was established in honor of an amerindian cacique that ruled the valley; Cacique Upar. Lies between the mountains of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serrania del Perija to the margin of the Guatapurí River and Cesar River.^[1] Image File history File links Centrovalledupar. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Valleduparcoatarms. ... EXAMPLE:Laughbox,Blondie,BamBam,Pinkie,etc. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 351 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1660 Ã— 2833 pixels, file size: 333 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Caribbean Region The Caribbean Region or Caribbean Coast Region, is a regional sub-division of Colombia, composed of eight Departments located inside or around the Caribbean sea area pertaining to the country. ... Colombia is a unitary republic conformed by 32 departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. ... Motto: Capital Valledupar Governor Hernando Molina Araujo Area 22,905 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 1,050,303 46 people/kmÂ² Adjective Cesarences (cesarens) Cesar is a department of Colombia. ... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Ciro Arturo Pupo Castro (Born April 11, 1961 in Valledupar) is the current mayor of the Colombian city of Valledupar. ... Politics of Colombia Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Colombian political parties | Liberal parties ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth â€“ approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... Motto: Capital Valledupar Governor Hernando Molina Araujo Area 22,905 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 1,050,303 46 people/kmÂ² Adjective Cesarences (cesarens) Cesar is a department of Colombia. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Hernando de Santana was a Spanish conqueror, the founder of the City of Valledupar and conqueror in what is now northern Colombia. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... Look up cacique in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is a mountain range in northern Colombia. ... Map - Location of Serrania of Perija The Serrania del Perija, Cordilla de PerijÃ¡ or Sierra de PerijÃ¡ is a mountain range, an extension of the eastern Andean branch (Cordillera Oriental), in northern South America, between Colombia and Venezuela, ending further north in the Guajira Desert, a total distance of about... Monument honoring the Vallenata Siren Legend by the Guatapuri River in the outskirts of Valledupar. ... The Cesar River is a river in northern Colombia. ...

Valledupar is an important agricultural, cattle raising and agroindustrial center for the region between the Departments of Cesar and southern municipalities of La Guajira, formerly known as the Province of Padilla. Valledupar is notoriously known for being the cradle of vallenato music, representative of the Colombian culture. The city hosts the Vallenato Legend Festival. Ranching is the raising of cattle or sheep on rangeland, although one might also speak of ranching with regard to less common livestock such as elk, bison or emu. ... Motto: Capital Riohacha Governor Area 20,848 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 524,619 20 people/kmÂ² Adjective guajiro Image:El grone. ... Vallenato, along with cumbia, is the most popular folk music of Colombia. ... Spanish: Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata The Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata is one of the most important music festivals in Colombia. ...

During the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s the city was affected intensively by the Colombian Armed Conflict, with massive kidnappings,^[2] forcedly displaced people.^[3] and an endemic problem of impunity reflected specially towards crimes against journalists.^[4] Valledupar has one of Colombia's most modern maximum security prisons.^[5] The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... This article is about the first decade of the 21st century. ... Colombian Armed Conflict or Colombian Civil War are terms that are employed to refer to the current low intensity conflict in Colombia that has existed since approximately 1964 or 1966, which was when the FARC and later the ELN were founded and subsequently started their guerrilla insurgency campaigns against successive... For other uses, see Journalist (disambiguation). ...

History

From the place name Valle de Upar (Valley of Upar) named after a legendary local Amerindian cacique named Upar leader of the native American Chimila Nation. The region was first explored by Pedro de Badillo and later forcedly conquered in 1532 by a German named Ambrosius Ehinger, governor of Venezuela who invaded the area belonging to the government of Santa Marta. The city was founded later in 1550 by Spanish conqueror, Captain Hernando de Santana with the name Valle de Upar. The Catholic Church usually named the city Ciudad de los Santos Reyes de Valledupar (city of the holy kings of Valledupar) because it was on the same day the three kings visited Jesus, the 6th day of January, the name later got modified due to grammar abbreviation to Valle Dupar and then to Valledupar. Events May 16 - Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. ... Ambrosius Ehinger, also Dalfinger, Alfinger, Thalfinger, (* c. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Hernando de Santana was a Spanish conqueror, the founder of the City of Valledupar and conqueror in what is now northern Colombia. ... Three Kings can refer to several things: Three Kings, a 1999 American movie. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ...

Since the colonization period the region has been one of the paths for products arriving from the Caribbean sea into the inland. Spaniards transited through the area and established extensive farming, mainly imported European cattle (among many animals) and agriculture. The Chimila Nation was decimated and later exterminated due to the use of them for forced labor and continuous battles.

On May 22, 1810 some 400 inhabitants of the Cabildo of the Valle de Upar insurrected against the Spanish Monarchy and protesting against the then Mayor Colonel Marques de Valde-Hoyos. The mayor seeing angry protests fled to neighboring San Juan del Cesar leaving in charge V. Ruiz de Gomez. In 1813 the independence from Spain was proclaimed by Maria Concepcion Loperena de Fernandez de Castro, a wealthy land owner who helped supply three hundred horses to "El Libertador" Simón Bolívar' independentist army. In 1850 became capital of the Valledupar Province and in 1864 was elevated to capital of the Valledupar Department of the Federal State of Magdalena. In 1915, After the political and administrative division restructuring of the Unitarian Colombian State, Valledupar was proclaimed municipality of the Province of Valledupar, part of the Federal State of Magdalena during the United States of Colombia era. The region maintained a relatively isolation from the rest of the country mainly because of its low importance at the time, and for the violent political struggles of the different governments of Colombia, that were most of the time centered in large cities, like Bogotá. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 446 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (691 Ã— 929 pixels, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 446 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (691 Ã— 929 pixels, file size: 2. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Cabildos in Spain are administrative entities. ... Municipality and town located in the La Guajira Department, Colombia Category: ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the South American independence leader. ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Capital BogotÃ¡ Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic History - Established 1863 - Rionegro Constitution 1863 - Disestablished 1886 The United States of Colombia is the name adopted in 1863 through the Rionegro Constitution for the nation which had been known as the Republic of New Grenada since the dissolution of the federation of... For other uses, see BogotÃ¡ (disambiguation). ...

During World War II the city received immigrants from Europe, especially French, Germans and Italias, later on, immigrants from the Middle East came to the city in different waves. In 1956 was proclaimed a parish by the Catholic church and after the republic of Colombia was created the Department of Cesar was established in 1967, Valledupar became its capital. The region started developing abruptly thanks in part to the political support it received from former president Alfonso Lopez Michelsen, who was the Department of Cesar's first governor and the Colombian Liberal Party. Valledupar came to be known as "sorpresa caribe" (The caribbean surprise) because of its rapid economic growth, during the 1970's, especially in cotton production, which people from Valledupar called "white gold". During one of these years Valledupar even ranked second overall in economic profits for Colombia and began its urban growth and social change. Valledupar also found its cultural heritage and identity through out these years, with the rediscovery of the Vallenato music, which strongly symbolizes the culture of Colombia itself. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 799 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1009 Ã— 757 pixels, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 799 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1009 Ã— 757 pixels, file size: 2. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Capital Valledupar Governor Area 22,905 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 1,050,303 46 people/kmÂ² Adjective Cesar is a department of Colombia. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... Alfonso López Michelsen (b. ... Politics of Colombia Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Colombian political parties | Liberal parties ... Year 1970 ([[Rf 1970 == January 1 - The Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC January 2 - The last studio performance of The Beatles oman numerals|MCMLXX]]) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). ... Vallenato, along with cumbia, is the most popular folk music of Colombia. ...

Unfortunately, a period of violence erupted during the mid-1980's due to a struggling leftist political party, The Patriotic Union (U.P.), led by their young leader and society's prominent banker; Juvenal Ovidio Ricardo Palmera Pineda.^[2] Because of his incendiary remarks during a peasant strike and later uprising in the city main plaza he was jailed and later given an amnesty by then governor of the Department, Jorge Dangond Daza. He then went into hide, because the national government (indirectly) and conservative groups started a persecution on UP's leaders and followers, with other of his comarades that were also from Valledupar, most of them wento into exile in Europe. He decided to escape into the mountains, getting refugee with the armed brach of the UP; The FARC.^[2] Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... The Patriotic Union or UP (In Spanish, UniÃ³n PatriÃ³tica), was a leftist Colombian political party founded by the FARC in 1985, as part of the peace negotiations that the guerrillas held with the Conservative Belisario Betancur administration. ... The FARC-EPs flag The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia â€“ EjÃ©rcito del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia â€“ Peoples Army, or FARC-EP) is a militant and revolutionary guerrilla group established in 1964-1966 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party, and is Colombias...

He became a guerrilla leader, and because he was a banker he knew whom in Valledupar and the region were wealthy. He began kidnapping (and sometimes killing) prominent political leaders, journalists and rich land owners (including members of his own family) using the ransoms to finance his organization. He started calling himself with the alias of Simón Trinidad.^[2] SimÃ³n Trinidad during his capture on January 2, 2004. ...

During this situation delinquency also arose and in October 15, 1994, the national bank El Banco de la Republica (Bank of the Republic) was assaulted. The amount stolen: COP$ 24,075 millions of pesos of non emitted bills (some US$ 11 million) and came to be known as the "El Robo del Siglo" (The Bank heist of the century).^[6] is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...

To counter FARC and ELN's abuses, and after aproximetly fifteen years of asfixiating Valledupar's society and supporting negligence by the Colombian military, some prominent leaders of Valledupar, landowners and those victims of these organizations decided to become part or promote, self-defense forces that later on affiliated with the AUC and assigned another "Vallenatean" as leader Rodrigo Tovar Pupo a.k.a. Jorge 40.^[2] The FARC-EPs flag The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia â€“ EjÃ©rcito del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia â€“ Peoples Army, or FARC-EP) is a militant and revolutionary guerrilla group established in 1964-1966 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party, and is Colombias... Ejército de Liberación Nacional (usually abbreviated to ELN), or National Liberation Army, is a revolutionary, Marxist, insurgent guerrilla group that has been operating in several regions of Colombia since 1966. ... The AUCs logo The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, or AUC, in Spanish), were formed in April 1997 as an umbrella paramilitary federation seeking to consolidate many local and regional paramilitary groups in Colombia, each intending to protect different local economic, social and political... Rodrigo Tovar Pupo, (aka Jorge 40 his nom de guerre) born in Valledupar, Colombia. ... Rodrigo Tovar Pupo, (aka Jorge 40 his nom de guerre) was born in Valledupar, Colombia. ...

Unfortunately, the self-defense forces developed techniques like the guerrilla including using the illegal drug trafficking business to finance their operations, and terrorism tactics that also affected innocent people such as selective and random kidnappings and other combinations of racketeering and selective assassinations techniques. Apparently, the AUC helped recover the region from guerrillas, but only to keep Valledupar inhabitants with the same uncertainty of having an illegal and terrorist organization living within. Retail selling Street selling is the bottom of the chain and can be accomplished through purchasing from prostitutes, through cloaked retail stores or refuse houses for users in the act located in red-light districts which often also deal in paraphernalia, dealers marketing merriment at night clubs and other events... The AUCs logo The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, or AUC, in Spanish), were formed in April 1997 as an umbrella paramilitary federation seeking to consolidate many local and regional paramilitary groups in Colombia, each intending to protect different local economic, social and political...

The AUC northeren block demobilized March 10, 2006.^[7] With this demobilization remains uncertain if the Colombian military by itself may be able to held these two terrorist organizations accounted for or dismantle them. Because of this violence many displaced people in rural areas have forcedly fled into Valledupar's urban areas and prominent leaders have been either killed, threatened to be killed, forced into bankruptcy or forced to leave the region. March 10 is the 69th day of the year (70th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Despite all these violence, Valledupar has quickly developed into an important agricultural and cattle raising center for the region between the departments of Cesar and southern parts of La Guajira since it became capital of the Department of Cesar; however, it owes its high profile for being the cradle of vallenato music, played with accordion, a small drum (caja) and a scraping instrument guacharaca and for having every year since 1968, at the end of April, a four-day festival; the Vallenato Legend Festival. Ranching is the raising of cattle or sheep on rangeland, although one might also speak of ranching with regard to less common livestock such as elk, bison or emu. ... Motto: Capital Riohacha Governor Area 20,848 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 524,619 20 people/kmÂ² Adjective guajiro Image:El grone. ... Motto: Capital Valledupar Governor Hernando Molina Araujo Area 22,905 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 1,050,303 46 people/kmÂ² Adjective Cesarences (cesarens) Cesar is a department of Colombia. ... Vallenato, along with cumbia, is the most popular folk music of Colombia. ... This article is about the instrument as a whole. ... Guacharaca is a scraping musical instrument made out of cane. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Spanish: Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata The Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata is one of the most important music festivals in Colombia. ...

Symbols

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

City Anthem

See: Hymn of Valledupar Spanish; Himno de Valledupar Hymn of Valledupar, is the representative anthem of Valledupar, a city located in northern Colombia. ...

Valledupar's anthem, named Himno de Valledupar, was established in 1984 by then Major of Valledupar, Miguel Meza Valera by public contest. The winner was a composer from nearbySanta Marta, Rita Fernandez Padilla and the music was arranged by Carlos Julio Parra. This article is about the year. ... This article is about the Colombian city. ...

Flag

Coat of Arms

The coat of arms was recently redesigned to meet new identities of Valledupar that now included the vallenato musical instruments;

Geography and Climate

The municipality of Valledupar is located southwest of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 10 degrees, 29 minutes, of north latitude and 73 degrees 15 minutes long to the west of the Greenwich Meridian. Valledupar’s average temperature is about 28 °C. Because of its high altitude but proximity to the equator, this municipality possesses a variety of environments, from hot warm to perpetual snow. The most important heights are the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta’s peaks; the Codazzi peak, the El Guardian peak, the Ojeda peak and the La Reina peak. Many rivers descend from its snowy peaks and lagoons; the Ariguani River, Ariguanicito River, Badillo River, Calderas River, Cesar River, Curiba River, Donachui River, Garupal River, Guatapuri River, which borders the city of Valledupar, and the Mariangola River. Image File history File links Municipalitycityvalledupar. ... Image File history File links Municipalitycityvalledupar. ... This article describes the unit of angle. ... A minute of arc, arcminute, or MOA is a unit of angular measurement, equal to one sixtieth (1/60) of one degree. ... The Prime Meridian, Greenwich The Prime Meridian is the meridian (line of longitude) passing through the Royal Greenwich Observatory, Greenwich, England; it is the meridian at which longitude is 0 degrees. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Altitude is the elevation of an object from a known level or datum. ... World map showing the equator in red In tourist areas, the equator is often marked on the sides of roads The equator marked as it crosses IlhÃ©u das Rolas, in SÃ£o TomÃ© and PrÃncipe. ... The Life Zone concept was developed by C. Hart Merriam in 1889 as a means of describing areas with similar plant and animal communities. ... Snow is a type of precipitation in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes that fall from clouds. ... The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is a mountain range in northern Colombia. ... For other uses, see River (disambiguation). ...

The Municipality of Valledupar limits to the north with the municipalities of Riohacha and San Juan del Cesar in the department of La Guajira. To the south with the municipalities of El Paso and Los Robles La Paz in the department of Cesar; to the east with the municipalities of Villanueva and Urumita, also in the Department of La Guajira; and to the west with the municipalities from the department of Magdalena; Fundacion and Aracataca. Riohacha is the capital city of the department of Guajira in Colombia. ... Municipality and town located in the La Guajira Department, Colombia Category: ... Motto: Capital Riohacha Governor Area 20,848 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 524,619 20 people/kmÂ² Adjective guajiro Image:El grone. ... El Paso is a municipality in the the Cesar Department of Colombia. ... Municipality and town located north of the Department of Cesar, Colombia. ... Cesar (Spanish, French and Portuguese - as CÃ©sar - for Caesar) may refer to: Cesar Department, Colombia CÃ©sar Award people: CÃ©sar Pelli CÃ©sar ChÃ¡vez CÃ©sar Baldaccini aka. ... Motto: Capital Riohacha Governor Area 20,848 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 524,619 20 people/kmÂ² Adjective guajiro Image:El grone. ... Categories: Departments of Colombia | Stub ... Aracataca, located in the department of Magdalena in northern Colombia, is a river town, founded in 1885. ...

The municipality has an area of about 4,977.96 km², from which 72,660 km² pertain to the Arhuacos Indian Reserve, 399.52 km² to the Kogui and wiwa Indian Reserve, and 425.60 km² to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park. This Colombian National Park, is located in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, between the cities of Santa Marta and Riohacha. ...

Administrative divisions

In Valledupar 84% of the total population lives in the urban areas of the municipality with a density of aprox. 68,4 inhabitants per km² (1).

The city of Valledupar is made up 6 comunas subdivided into 138 barrios and Urbanizaciones. Image File history File links Valledupar. ... Image File history File links Valledupar. ... Look up barrios in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The Municipality of Valledupar is divided into six different geographic zones integrated by subdivisions called Corregimientos (25), and subdivisions to this called Veredas (125) and considered rural areas of the city of Valledupar: Corregimiento is a term used in Colombia to define a subdivision of Colombian departments. ...

Corregimientos: Los Haticos is a village and corregimiento in the municipality of Valledupar within the Colombian Department of Cesar. ...

Corregimientos: Patillal is a village and corregimiento in the municipality of Valledupar within the Colombian Department of Cesar. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 548 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (2350 Ã— 2570 pixels, file size: 497 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 548 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (2350 Ã— 2570 pixels, file size: 497 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...

Law and government

The Department of Cesar's government and Chamber of Deputies offices are based in Valledupar as well as other Department level entities. At City level, the Major of the City and the City counselors have a three year term in office, and are in charge of local government issues. The major has powers but it is highly dependent on the budgets assigned by the Departmental government in order to execute plans.

Most of the past local government leaders have been involved in corruption cases, been investigated and sometimes incarcerated. Government bureaucracy is highly politized, the execution of some plans is done depending on political interests to have advantages over other political adversaries.

Local judiciary is also vulnerable to corruption and is usually and easily hit by violent actors.

Politics

Flag of Valledupar Politics of Valledupar refers to the political processes in the Colombian city of Valledupar in Cesar Department. ...

Economy

The economy of the region is based almost entirely on the primary sector. Agriculture and cattle raising are mainly and commonly exploited. During the 1970's the region experienced an economic boom because of a massive production of cotton. This helped to modernize Valledupar, skyrocketing it to the second most productive region in Colombia for some time. The cotton boom ended during the 1980's because of a decrease on the cotton produce during these years, causing an economic recession that left many in debt and unable to repay loans to the banks. During these years Marimberos or Marihuana sellers also produced and contribute the economic boom, because of the high demand in the United States. Today, Valledupar mainly produces cotton, rice, oil palm, tobacco, coffee, cocoa and others. In the last years the city has beneficiated from the department of Cesar's exploitation of coal mining in the region of La Jagua de Ibirico. The secondary sector as well has been flourishing but mainly from the a few agricultural products and derivates from cattle. The economy has been recovering in the past five years thanks to the increased presence of military forces who are trying to protect among other things, infrastructure and the economic flow into and out of the area from terrorist groups present in the area; FARC, ELN and AUC. These groups also contribute to the illicit drugs industry in the region and plant great quantities of amapola and marihuana around the area. This region has a high demand on technology in order to develop into a more modern city. In a smaller scale other sources of the economy are: fishing, transportation, construction, industrial manufacturation, electricity and gas, commerce, hotel industry, government, real estate, education, healthcare and domestic services. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2100x1500, 116 KB) Cotton plant, Texas, 1996. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2100x1500, 116 KB) Cotton plant, Texas, 1996. ... Download high resolution version (1050x790, 119 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1050x790, 119 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Ranching is the raising of cattle or sheep on rangeland, although one might also speak of ranching with regard to less common livestock such as elk, bison or emu. ... Year 1970 ([[Rf 1970 == January 1 - The Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC January 2 - The last studio performance of The Beatles oman numerals|MCMLXX]]) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). ... RICE is a treatment method for soft tissue injury which is an abbreviation for Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation. ... Species Elaeis guineensis Elaeis oleifera The oil palms (Elaeis) coomprise two species of the Arecaceae, or palm family. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... For other uses, see Coffee (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cocoa (disambiguation). ... Motto: Capital Valledupar Governor Hernando Molina Araujo Area 22,905 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 1,050,303 46 people/kmÂ² Adjective Cesarences (cesarens) Cesar is a department of Colombia. ... Surface coal mining in Wyoming. ... Town and municipality of the Department of Cesar, Colombia. ... For general information about the genus, including other species of cattle, see Bos. ... The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombiaâ€“Peoples Army, in Spanish Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombiaâ€“EjÃ©rcito del Pueblo, also known by the acronym of FARC or FARC-EP is a communist revolutionary and armed guerrilla organization in Colombia. ... EjÃ©rcito de LiberaciÃ³n Nacional (usually abbreviated to ELN), or National Liberation Army, is a revolutionary, Marxist, insurgent guerrilla group that has been operating in several regions of Colombia since 1964. ... The AUCs logo The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, or AUC, in Spanish), were formed in April 1997 as an umbrella paramilitary federation seeking to consolidate many local and regional paramilitary groups in Colombia, each intending to protect different local economic, social and political... Cannabis is a plant which is consumed by humans as a psychoactive drug. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Electricity (from New Latin Ä“lectricus, amberlike) is a general term for a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. ... Gas can also refer to gasoline and natural gas and also hydrogen. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Hotel (disambiguation). ... Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ... Health care or healthcare is one of the worlds largest and fastest growing professions. ... It has been suggested that servant (domestic) be merged into this article or section. ...

The Vallenato Legend Festival, has gained economic importance because of its impact in Valledupar's economy. The Festival represents a boon in the tourist industry, almost nonexistent before the Festival and now introduced an attractive cultural gathering that is promoting other local products (besides the traditional); arts and crafts, ecotourism and gasatronomy, giving birth to a Hospitality industry. Spanish: Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata The Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata is one of the most important music festivals in Colombia. ... A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. ... Small wooden sculpture depicting a Native American mother holding her child. ... Tapanti National Park in Costa Rica Ecotourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a form of tourism which appeals to the ecologically and socially conscious. ... The hospitality industry is a 3. ...

In April 26, 2006 during the Vallenato Legend Festival, the Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia agreed to commercialize local coffee into their products with the name Cafe Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata (Vallenato Legend Festival Coffee), in an effort to promote local small and median coffee growing farms from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serrania del Perija. is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Spanish: Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata The Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata is one of the most important music festivals in Colombia. ... The Colombian Coffee Federation is a non-profit business association, popularly known for its Juan Valdez marketing campaign. ... For other uses, see Coffee (disambiguation). ...

Valledupar also hosts one of the most important Cattle Fairs (Spanish: Ferias Ganaderas) in Colombia at the end of August every year, used also to promote other products from the region.

Demography

Education

Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Culture

Valledupar's cultural background comes from three different major cultures; the European settlers, the Amerindians and Africans brought by the Europeans as slaves during the colonial time. Their mixture developed a unique identity that is mostly accentuated in the music; such as in the vallenato and cumbia. From the beginning Valledupar was a feudal town, where the Spanish Culture left a mark on almost everything: the customs, modes, food, popular religion, music, dances and Castilian language. Image File history File links Combovallenato. ... Image File history File links Combovallenato. ... Vallenato, along with cumbia, is the most popular folk music of Colombia. ... Monument to the dance and music of cumbia in El Banco. ... Motto (Latin) Further Beyond Anthem 1(Spanish) Royal March Spain() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the European Union() Capital (and largest city) Madrid Official languages Spanish2 Demonym Spanish, Spaniard Government Constitutional monarchy - Head of State King Juan Carlos I - President of the Government Formation 15th century - Dynastic union 1516 - Unification... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ...

This culture is highly influenced by the Spanish; inheriting from them the devotion to Catholicism. The holy week, in April, is celebrated here in the same way the Spanish did during the colonial time; with fasting, church attendance and processions to venerate Jesus and the Santo Eccehomo. Corpus Christi is also celebrated here in July. In religious practices, Christians by far represent the majority of the population, the rest being a very small minority of Muslims. Ecce Homo (Latin for Behold the Man), were the words used by Pontius Pilate when he presented a scourged Jesus Christ, bound and crowned with thorns, to the hostile crowd shortly before the Crucifixion. ... Corpus Christi Procession in Germany This article is about the Catholic feast of Corpus Christi. ...

Traditional oral storytelling helped preserve from generation to generation, stories from past times, myths and legends, such as the very popular "leyend of the guatapuri mermaid", or the "silborcito", the nazarenian without head", "the Lerta", "The duel between the devil and Francisco 'the man'", "the monitos", "The llorona (the crying woman)", "la madre monte (mother nature)" "la mano pelua (the hairy hand)", "el cuco", among other stories that are still alive. Storytellers are very common in the region, as well as traditional comedians. These storytellers, usually travelling farmers selling their cattle around the region, revived the already traditional Spanish juglares (minstrels), arriving at villages and singing the news and stories from other towns and usually playing an instrument. This is how the Vallenato music was believed to be born. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (459 Ã— 612 pixels, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (459 Ã— 612 pixels, file size: 1. ... For the 2001 film, see Storytelling (film) Storytelling is the ancient art of conveying events in words, images, and sounds. ... Generation (From the Greek Î³Î¹Î³Î½Î¼Î±Î¹), also known as procreation, is the act of producing offspring. ... For other uses, see Mythology (disambiguation). ... A legend (Latin, legenda, things to be read) is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude. ... A minstrel was a bard who played songs to tell stories about other places or about historical events of the Middle Ages. ... Vallenato, along with cumbia, is the most popular folk music of Colombia. ...

Dances play a very important role in the cultural identity of this society, coming from the three different cultures that founded it, among this dances are: "Tambora La Cumana" "El Pilon Vallenato" "chicote kankuamo" and "Los Diablos danzantes de Corpus Christi" (The Corpus Christi Dancing Devils), this last one was brought by the colonizers in a theater play and tried to recreate the devil and good, these to help Christianize. Valledupar also celebrates a carnival in Febreuary, smaller but similar to Barranquilla's Carnival. Carnival's celebration of pagan traditions, quickly helped the amerindian and Africans traditions to be adopted by society. As it happened for Vallenato music, considered low class and carnestolendic. Vallenato, along with cumbia, is the most popular folk music of Colombia. ... Barranquillas Carnaval (Spanish: Carnaval de Barranquilla) is a carnival with traditions that date back to the 19th century. ...

"Vallenatos" or "Valduparenses" (Vallenateans), are considered very warm, generous and embrassing people, representing the innocence and goodwill of the Colombian peasant. Most of them would take care of foreigners as if they were part of the family and serve your needs, but be careful not to offend their traditions, especially their music, a genre that they basically live for.

These two entities are part of the Colombian Ministry of Culture and their main purpose is to promote and preserve local cultural traditions, exploit cultural abilities from the region and promote an alternative to get to know different cultures.

General collection and reference: It has one lecture room with a capacity for a hundred people, with open shelves and open access to collections for users. Children's room and workshop: independently, it also has a lecture and workshop room for children, with a collection specialized in children and youth's literature, as well as audiovisual materials and other elements to work in plastic arts. In this room, starting at 10 A.M. on Saturdays, a project of story telling goes on called "La Hora del Cuento" (the story time) and on Fridays at 4 P.M. the presentation of movies for children. is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

Ethnicities

Three groups of amerindians, part of the Tairona culture, are based along this region inside Indian reserves; The sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Arhuaco Reserve (pop. 18,500); The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Kankuamo Reserve (pop. 12,000) and The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Kogi-Wiwa Reserve (pop.4,500). The amerindians culture has contributed with their traditional skills with arts and crafts, the Africans brought by the Spanish colonists as slaves to do hardwork contributed to the music and the Europeans contributed to almost every other aspect, especially the Spaniards. The Vallenato music is a perfect resemble of the fusion of these three cultures; the European accordion brought by Germans, the drum from the Africans and the "guacharaca" from the amerindians.
A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, circa 1908. ... Tairona figure pendants Monument in Santa Marta depicting Taironas. ... The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is a mountain range in northern Colombia. ... Arhuacos holding a meeting. ... The Spanish people or Spaniards are an ethnic group native to Spain, in southwestern Europe, who are primarily descended from the autochthonous pre-Indo-European Euskaldunak, Latin, Visigothic, Celtic and Moorish peoples. ... Vallenato, along with cumbia, is the most popular folk music of Colombia. ... This article is about the instrument as a whole. ... Guacharaca is a scraping musical instrument made out of cane. ...

Other waves of European immigrants during the 1940's to 1950's established in Valledupar while trying to escape World War II or financial hardships. From approximately the 1960s waves of immigrants from the Middle East started arriving into the city, which are usually and sympathically nicknamed "Turcos" (Turks) by locals. Immigrants have always been embraced and even become part of society, mixing with traditional Valledupar families. Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Media and Services

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (698 Ã— 930 pixels, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (698 Ã— 930 pixels, file size: 2. ... El Tiempo is the highest circulation daily newspaper in Colombia and the only non-tabloid daily with national distribution. ... El Espectador is a newspaper with national circulation within Colombia. ... El Heraldo is a newspaper based in the city of Barranquilla in northern Colombia. ... Frequency modulation (FM) is a form of modulation which represents information as variations in the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave. ... AM broadcasting is radio broadcasting using Amplitude Modulation. ... Caracol Radio (Cadena Radial Colombiana, Colombian Radio Network) is one of the main radio networks in Colombia. ... Caracol TV logo Caracol TelevisiÃ³n is one of the most viewed national television networks in Colombia. ... RCN TelevisiÃ³n is a Colombian national television network. ... Telecaribe is a regional television station for the Caribbean region of Colombia. ... SKY Latin America is two closely related pay-TV providers, one based in Mexico, the other in Brazil. ... A standard DirecTV satellite dish with 1 LNB on a roof DirecTV (trademarked as DIRECTV) is a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) service based in El Segundo, California, USA, that transmits digital satellite television and audio to households in the United States, the Caribbean and Latin America except for Mexico. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Transportation

Valledupar has four different land entrances, and it's crossed by national highway route 80 from south to north. Route 80 is still under-construction, a segment between the village of Badillo via the village of Patillal and the town of San Juan del Cesar in the department of La Guajira. as an alternative route 80 also crosses the town of La Paz in order to drive north to the northern department of La Guajira. To the south, the route 80 highway communicates with the rest of Colombia including northern regions of Colombia, like Santa Marta, Barranquilla and Cartagena; Colombia's caribbean coast; to the west two road access to some other villages to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Municipality and town located in the La Guajira Department, Colombia Category: ... Motto: Capital Riohacha Governor Area 20,848 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 524,619 20 people/kmÂ² Adjective guajiro Image:El grone. ... Municipality and town located north of the Department of Cesar, Colombia. ... Motto: Capital Riohacha Governor Area 20,848 kmÂ² Population - Total (2003) - Density 524,619 20 people/kmÂ² Adjective guajiro Image:El grone. ... This article is about the Colombian city. ... For other places with the same name, see Barranquilla (disambiguation). ... For other places with the same name, see Cartagena (disambiguation). ... The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is a mountain range in northern Colombia. ...

Valledupar's Land transportation terminal provides national and international services through sixteen different transportation companies. Four of whom make trips to rural areas of the municipality. In the urban area transportation services are provided by taxis, and by private and government bus companies covering the entire city by shared routes. Lately, a new form of transportation was born, informal Auto rickshaws (mototaxismo), taking illegally over the bus and taxi services, to a point that are making them go bakrupt. The local government is attempting to penalize the use of Auto rickshaw for safety reasons and are also operating illegally, but because there are so many and tend to violently protest, the issue became difficult. For specific countries see Taxicabs around the world. ... Passengers and drivers meet at this auto rickshaw stand in Chennai. ...

In Aereal transportation, Valledupar has only a medium sized airport for medium and small aircraft; the Alfonso Lopez Airport that receives national and somee charter flights. Only four airlines cover this route,Avianca, SAM Colombia, SATENA and Aires Colombia. The Alfonso LÃ³pez Pumarejo - Valledupar Airport (IATA: SKVP), serves as air terminal for the city of Valledupar, Colombia and as a small Colombian Air Force and Colombian Police air base. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... SAM (acronym of Sociedad AeronÃ¡utica de MedellÃn) is an airline based in MedellÃn, Colombia but its main base of operations is at El Dorado International Airport in BogotÃ¡, D.C., Colombia. ... SATENA Embraer ERJ 145 SATENA (acronym of Servicio AÃ©reo a Territorios Nacionales) is an airline based at El Dorado International Airport in BogotÃ¡, Colombia. ... Aires Colombia (Aerovias de Integracion Regional SA) is an airline based in BogotÃ¡, Colombia. ...

Sports

Valledupar has a football (soccer) team called Valledupar FC which plays in the Colombian second division. To a lower extend martial arts (Tae kwon do, Judo and Karate) cycling, Roller skating, basketball, Softball, volleyball, chess and Athletics (track and field) are also practiced. A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... Valledupar FÃºtbol Club is a Colombian football (soccer) team, based in Valledupar. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... Taekwondo is the Korean national sport and martial art, and is also one of the worlds most commonly practiced sports. ... This article is about the martial art and sport. ... For other uses, see Karate (disambiguation). ... Police officer on a bicycle Cycling is a means of transport, a form of recreation, and a sport. ... Blading redirects here. ... This article is about the sport. ... Soft ball is also a sugar stage Softball is a team sport popular around the world but especially in the United States. ... For the ball used in this sport, see Volleyball (ball). ... This article is about the Western board game. ... A womens 400 m hurdles race on a typical outdoor red rubber track in the Helsinki Olympic Stadium in Finland. ...

Trivia

References

^ Alcaldia Valledupar: Historia de Valledupar (Spanish) valledupar.gov.co Accessed 08 October 2006.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e NYTIMES: From Colombia's Upper Class, Rebel and His Foil Diverged (Spanish) nytimes.com Accessed 08 October 2006.
^ Presidencia de Colombia: Viviendas para desplazados de Valledupar (Spanish) presidencia.gov.co Accessed 08 October 2006.
^ Sipiapa: Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa; Colombia (Spanish) sipiapa.org Accessed 08 October 2006.
^ INPEC: Instituto Nacional Penitenciario; listado de Carceles (Spanish) inpec.gov.co Accessed 08 October 2006.
^ Banrep: Bank heist of the century (Spanish) banrep.gov.co Accessed 08 October 2006.
^ Diario El Tiempo: Se entregó 'Jorge 40', jefe desmovilizado del Bloque Norte de las Autodefensas (Spanish) eltiempo.com Accessed 08 October 2006.

External links

Coordinates: 10°29′N, 73°15′W Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Contents

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