A drawing etitled "the escape of Stonewall Jackson's Army down the valley pike at Strausburg [sic], Va." U.S. Library of Congress Collection

Valley Pike or Valley Turnpike is the traditional name given for the indian trail and roadway which now is designated as U.S. Highway 11 in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Categories: Stub | United States Highway system ... Canoeing on the Shenandoah River near Winchester, Virginia. ... State nickname: Old Dominion Other U.S. States Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Governor Mark R. Warner (D) Senators John Warner (R) George Allen (R) Official languages English Area 110,862 km² (35th)  - Land 102,642 km²  - Water 8,220 km² (7. ...

Long before the arrival of English colonists, Native Americans of the Delaware and Catawba tribes used this well-watered path as a migratory route and hunting grounds, moving between what is now Georgia and Canada. Beginning in the 1730s, Scotch-Irish and German immigrants coming from Pennsylvania began to move up the valley and establish settlements. They initially called it the "Indian Road" and by 1825, it was known as the "Great Wagon Road." A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, circa 1908. ... The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region around the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. ... The Catawba (also known as Issa or Esaw) are a tribe of Native Americans, once considered one of the most powerful eastern Siouan tribes, that traditionally lived in the Southeast United States, along the border between North and South Carolina. ... Migration occurs when living things move from one biome to another. ... Ulster-Scots is a term mainly used in Ireland and Britain (Scotch-Irish or Scots-Irishis commonly used in North America) primarily to refer to Presbyterian Scots, or their descendents, who migrated from the Scottish Lowlands to Ulster (the northern province of Ireland), largely across the 17th century. ... State nickname: The Keystone State Other U.S. States Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Governor Ed Rendell (D) Senators Arlen Specter (R) Rick Santorum (R) Official languages None Area 119,283 km² (33rd)  - Land 116,074 km²  - Water 3,208 km² (2. ... 1825 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

On March 3, 1834, The Valley Turnpike Company was incorporated by an act of the Virginia General Assembly, and the state participated in the public-private venture through the Virginia Board of Public Works with a 40% investment to build 68 miles between Winchester and Harrisonburg. A similar road from Harrisonburg to Staunton was built by another company, and they merged. The new combined road, by then known as the "Valley Pike", was significantly improved and tolls were charged for the upkeep of its 93 mile length. March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Virginia General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Virginia. ... The Virginia Board of Public Works was a governmental agency which oversaw and helped finance the development of Virginias internal transportation improvements during the 19th century. ... Winchester is a city located in the state of Virginia. ... Harrisonburg is an independent city within the confines of Rockingham County in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... Street in downtown Staunton Staunton is an independent city within the confines of Augusta County in the state of Virginia. ... A high-speed toll booth on SR 417 near Orlando, Florida A toll gate on the Sayama bypass (Saitama prefectural road 397) in Japan A toll road, turnpike or tollpike is a road on which a toll authority collects a fee for use. ...

The Valley Pike was a key transportation link during the American Civil War, and was used by Confederate General Stonewall Jackson to expedite his foot cavalry up and down the Valley and to and from the various mountain gaps (such as Swift Run Gap and Thornton Gap) which he used to make sudden appearances in front of Union troops in the Piedmont region on the east side of the Blue Ridge Mountains The American Civil War (1861 - 1865) was fought in North America within the United States of America – twenty-three mostly northern states of the Union – and the Confederate States of America, a coalition of eleven southern states that declared their independence and claimed the right of secession from the Union... For other meanings of confederate and confederacy, see confederacy (disambiguation) National Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God our Vindicator) Official language English de facto nationwide Various European and Native American languages regionally Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861–April 9, 1865 Largest... Stonewall Jackson For the 1960s country music artist, see Stonewall Jackson (musician); for the submarine, see USS Stonewall Jackson (SSBN-634). ... Foot cavalry was an oxymoron coined to describe the rapid movements of infantry troops serving under Confederate General Thomas Jonathan Stonewall Jackson during the American Civil War (1861–1865). ... Map of the division of the states during the Civil War. ... Blue Ridge Mountains (NPS) Most of the rocks that form the Blue Ridge Mountains, United States, are ancient granitic and metamorphosed volcanic formations, some exceeding one billion years in age. ...

In 1918, The Valley Turnpike Company, which had been managed by a young Harry Flood Byrd, allowed the Valley Turnpike to be one of the first roads taken over by the state. It became part of the state public roads system managed by the predecessor state agency of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) when it was formed in 1922. 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Harry Flood Byrd, Sr. ... The Virginia Department of Transportation, or VDOT, is the government agency responsible for building, maintaining and operating Virginias roads, bridges and tunnels. ... 1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

The Valley Turnpike assumed the U.S. Highway 11 designation in 1927, and remained the major north-south highway thoroughfare for the Shenandoah Valley until Interstate 81 was built beginning in the 1960s. Today, the road carries much local traffic. It also provides an alternative to the busy Interstate Highway, offering an opportunity for bucolic shunpiking along the traditional pathway of the "Daughter of the Stars," (which is the Native American translation of "Shenandoah"). Categories: Stub | United States Highway system ... 1927 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... I-81 looking southbound near mile 245, Harrisonburg, Virginia. ... A typical rural stretch of Interstate Highway, with two lanes in each direction separated by a large grassy median, and with cross-traffic limited to overpasses and underpasses. ... The term shunpiking comes from the word shun, meaning to avoid, and pike, a term referring to turnpikes, which were roads which required payment of a toll to travel on them. ...

References

• Winchester Star Millennium Legacy article "The Road Most Traveled Drove Economy, Heritage" January 1, 2000
• Virginia Highways Project website
• Roads to the Future Scott Kozel's very detailed Highway and Transportation History website with lots of information and maps of Virginia's highway system
• The Valley Turnpike an historical article by Don Silvius
• Virginia Places website about Virginia's Geography