Vanguard
Launch of Vanguard rocket. (U.S. Navy)
Fact sheet
Function	Satellite launch vehicle
Manufacturer	Martin
Country of origin	United States
Size
Height	75 feet
Diameter	3.74 feet
Mass	22,156 lb (10,050 kg)
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to LEO	20 lb
Launch History
Status	Retired
Launch sites	LC-18A, Cape Canaveral
Total launches	12
Successes	3
Failures	8
Partial failures	1
Maiden flight	October 23, 1957
Last flight	September 18, 1959
First Stage - Vanguard
Engines	1 X-405
Thrust	30,303 lbf (134.79 kN)
Specific impulse	248 lbf·s/lb
Burn time	2 min 25 s
Fuel	LOX/kerosene
Second Stage - Delta
Engines	1 AJ10-118
Thrust	7,599 lbf (33.80 kN)
Specific impulse	261 lbf·s/lb
Burn time	1 min 55 s
Fuel	Nitric acid/UDMH
Third Stage - Grand Central
Engines	1 Solid
Thrust	2,599 lbf (11.56 kN)
Specific impulse	230 lbf·s/lb
Burn time	31 s
Fuel	Solid

The Vanguard rocket was intended to be the first launch vehicle the United States would use to place a satellite into orbit. Instead, the Sputnik crisis caused by the surprise launch of Sputnik 1 led the U.S. to quickly orbit the Explorer 1 satellite using a Juno I rocket, making Vanguard I the second U.S. orbital launch. Vanguard rocket (U.S. Navy) Launched by the U.S. Navy 1957-59 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A Saturn V launch vehicle sends Apollo 15 on its way to the moon. ... The Glenn L. Martin Company was an aircraft company founded by aviation pioneer Glenn L. Martin on August 16, 1912. ... In military aircraft or space exploration, the payload is the carrying capacity of an aircraft or space ship, including as cargo, munitions, scientific instruments or experiments, or external fuel, although internal fuel is usually not included. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... The Bumper V-2 was the first missile launched at Cape Canaveral on July 24, 1950. ... is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... Lox can stand for any of several things: Lox (salmon) - a type of salmon produce LOx (oxidizer) - liquid oxygen used as oxidizer in aerospace The Lox - was a Yonkers, NY-based rap trio This is a disambiguation page — a list of articles associated with the same title. ... For other uses, see Kerosene (disambiguation). ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen nitrate (anhydrous nitric acid). ... Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine) is a hypergolic rocket fuel ingredient, often used in combination with the oxidiser nitrogen tetroxide. ... Grand Central may refer to: Grand Central Terminal - a train station in Manhattan, New York, USA Grand Central Station - a train station in Chicago; also the name of the predecessor to Grand Central Terminal (following Grand Central Depot) in Manhattan, New York. ... ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... ... A Saturn V launch vehicle sends Apollo 15 on its way to the moon. ... This article is about artificial satellites. ... Sputnik 1 The Sputnik crisis was a turn point of the Cold War that began on October 4, 1957 when the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik 1 satellite. ... Sputnik 1 (Russian: , Satellite-1, or literally Co-traveler-1 byname ПС-1 (PS-1, i. ... Explorer-I, officially known as Satellite 1958 Alpha, was the first United States Earth satellite and was sent aloft as part of the United States program for the International Geophysical Year 1957-1958. ... The Jupiter-C Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) was designed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) The vehicle consists of a modified Redstone ballistic missile with three solid-propellant upper stages. ... Vanguard 1 is the oldest still orbiting artificial satellite, though there is no longer communication with it. ...

Vanguard rockets were used by Project Vanguard from 1957 to 1959. Of the eleven Vanguard rockets which the project attempted to launch, three successfully placed satellites into orbit. Vanguard Rocket Project Vanguard was a program managed by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), which intended to launch the first artificial satellite into Earth orbit using a Vanguard rocket as the launch vehicle. ...

Overview

In 1955, the USA announced plans to put a scientific satellite in orbit for the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1957/58. At that time there were three possible candidates for the launch vehicle: the Air Force's SM-65 Atlas, a derivative of the Army's SSM-A-14 Redstone, and a Navy proposal for a three-stage rocket based on the RTV-N-12a Viking sounding rocket. However, the Atlas and Redstone ballistic missiles were top-priority military projects, which were not to be slowed by pursuing a secondary space launch mission. Therefore the Navy's project, named Vanguard, was selected in September 1955 as the first satellite launch vehicle of the USA. The Martin company, which had also built the Viking, became prime contractor for the launch vehicle. The International Geophysical Year or IGY was an international scientific effort that lasted from July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958. ... Mercury Atlas 9 rocket and capsule on pad The Atlas is a venerable line of space launch vehicles built by Lockheed Martin. ... First launched in 1953, the American Redstone rocket was a direct descendant of the German V-2. ... Based on its experiments with captured German V-2 rockets after WWII, the United states decided to develop its own liquid fueld rocket. ...

Politics also played a major role in the selection of Vanguard. The Army's Redstone-based proposal would likely be ready earlier for a first satellite launch. However, Vanguard was a project of the NRL (Naval Research Laboratory), which was regarded more as a scientific than a military organization. This helped to emphasize the non-military goals of the satellite program. This was considered important, because a discussion whether overflights of foreign countries by satellites were legal or not was to be avoided. Bust of Thomas Edison at the front gate of the Naval Research Laboratory. ...

The Vanguard rocket was designed as a three-stage vehicle. The first stage was a General Electric y-405 liquid-fueled engine (designated XLR50-GE-2 by the Navy), derived from the engine of the RTV-N-12a Viking. The second stage was the Aerojet General AJ10-37 (XLR52-AJ-2) liquid-fueled engine, a variant of the engine in the RTV-N-10 Aerobee. Finally, the third stage was a solid-propellant rocket motor. All three-stage Vanguard flights except the last one used a motor built by the Grand Central Rocket Company. Vanguard had no fins, and the first and second stages were controlled by gimballed nozzles. The second stage also housed the vehicle's telemetry system, the inertial guidance system and the autopilot. The third stage was spin stabilized, the spin being imparted by a turn-table on the second stage before separation.

Launch summary

The first two flights of the Vanguard program, designated Test Vehicle (TV)-0 and -1, were actually the last two remaining RTV-N-12a Viking rockets. TV-0, launched on December 8, 1956, primarily tested new telemetry systems, while TV-1 on May 1, 1957 was a two-stage vehicle testing separation and ignition of the solid-fueled upper stage of Vanguard. TV-2, launched on October 23, 1957 after several abortive attempts, was the first real Vanguard rocket. The second and third stages were inert, but the flight successfully tested 1st/2nd-stage separation and spin-up of the third stage. However, by that time, the Soviet Union had already placed the "Sputnik" satellite into orbit, and therefore project Vanguard was more or less forced to launch its own satellite as soon as possible. Therefore, a very small experimental satellite (called the "grapefruit" and weighing only 1.8 kg (4 lb)) was added to TV-3, which was to be the first test of an all-up Vanguard rocket. Although the NRL and Martin tried to emphasize that the TV-3 mission was a pure test flight (and one with several "firsts"), everyone else saw it as the first satellite launch of the Western world. When TV-3 exploded a few seconds after lift-off on December 6, 1957, this was accordingly viewed, at least in the eye of the general public, as a major embarrassment and a disaster for the U.S. space program. is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Sputnik 1 The Sputnik program was a series of unmanned space missions launched by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s to demonstrate the viability of artificial satellites. ... Vanguard TV3 was the first U.S. attempt to launch a satellite into orbit around the Earth. ... is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ...

Flight TV-3BU (BU = Backup) on February 5, 1958 broke up after 57 seconds because of a control system malfunction, but TV-4 on March 17, 1958 finally succeeded in placing a "Grapefruit"-type satellite into orbit. By that time, however, the Army's Juno (Jupiter-C) had already launched the United States' first satellite. The TV-4 satellite, labeled Vanguard 1, had reached a relatively high orbit (3966 km (2465 miles) x 653 km (406 miles)) and is currently the oldest human artifact in space. The following four flights, TV-5 and SLV (Satellite Launch Vehicle)-1 through -3 all failed, but on February 17, 1959, SLV-4 launched Vanguard 2 (weighing 10.8 kg (23.7 lb)) into orbit. The SLVs were the "production" Vanguard rockets. SLV-5 and -6 also failed, but the final flight on September 18, 1959 successfully orbited the 23.6 kg (52 lb) Vanguard 3 satellite. That last mission was designated TV-4BU, because it used a remaining test vehicle, which had been upgraded with a new third stage, the Allegheny Ballistics Lab X-248A2 Altair. This more powerful motor enabled the launch of the heavier payload. The combination of the AJ10 liquid engine and X-248 solid motor was also used, under the name Able, as an upper stage combination for Thor and Atlas space launch vehicles. is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... The Jupiter-C Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) was designed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) The vehicle consists of a modified Redstone ballistic missile with three solid-propellant upper stages. ... The Jupiter-C Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) was designed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) The vehicle consists of a modified Redstone ballistic missile with three solid-propellant upper stages. ... Explorer-I, officially known as Satellite 1958 Alpha, was the first United States Earth satellite and was sent aloft as part of the United States program for the International Geophysical Year 1957-1958. ... Vanguard 1 was the fourth artificial satellite launched, and is the oldest still orbiting Earth, though there is no longer any communication with it. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... // Vanguard 2 or Vanguard II was an earth-orbiting satellite designed to measure cloud-cover distribution over the daylight portion of its orbit. ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mission Objectives Vanguard 3 was launched by a Vanguard rocket from the Eastern Test Range into a geocentric orbit. ...

Mission

In August 1955, the DOD Committee on Special Capabilities chose the NRL proposal as it appeared most likely, by spring 1958, to fulfill the following: Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... The United States Department of Defense (DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the military. ... Jan. ...

1. Place a satellite in orbit during the IGY
2. Accomplish a scientific experiment in orbit
3. Track the satellite and ensure its attainment of orbit

Project Vanguard was chosen from three proposals presented by the United States Air Force, the United States Army, and the United States Navy. The Army's ABMA under Dr. Wernher von Braun had suggested using a modified Redstone rocket (see: Juno I) while the Air Force had proposed using the untested Atlas rocket. Two bodies with a slight difference in mass orbiting around a common barycenter. ... The International Geophysical Year or IGY was an international scientific effort that lasted from July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... In the scientific method, an experiment (Latin: ex- periri, of (or from) trying) is a set of observations performed in the context of solving a particular problem or question, to retain or falsify a hypothesis or research concerning phenomena. ... USAF redirects here. ... The United States Army is the largest, and by some standards oldest, established branch of the armed forces of the United States and is one of seven uniformed services. ... USN redirects here. ... Hermann Oberth (front) with officials of the ABMA in 1956. ... For other uses of von Braun, see von Braun (disambiguation). ... First launched in 1953, the American Redstone rocket was a direct descendant of the German V-2. ... The Jupiter-C Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) was designed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) The vehicle consists of a modified Redstone ballistic missile with three solid-propellant upper stages. ... Mercury Atlas 9 rocket and capsule on pad The Atlas is a venerable line of space launch vehicles built by Lockheed Martin. ...

Launches

Vanguard launched 3 satellites out of 11 launch attempts:

• Vanguard TV3 - December 6, 1957 - Failed to orbit 1.36 kg (3 lb) satellite
• Vanguard TV3 Backup - February 5, 1958 - Failed to orbit 1.36 kg (3 lb) satellite
• Vanguard 1 - March 17, 1958 - Orbited 1.47 kg (3.25 lb) satellite
• Vanguard TV5 - April 28, 1958 - Failed to orbit 10.0 kg (22 lb) satellite
• Vanguard SLV 1 - May 27, 1958 - Failed to orbit 10.0 kg (22 lb) satellite
• Vanguard SLV 2 - June 26, 1958 - Failed to orbit 10.0 kg (22 lb) satellite
• Vanguard SLV 3 - September 26, 1958 - Failed to orbit 10.0 kg (22 lb) satellite
• Vanguard 2 - February 17, 1959 - Orbited 9.8 kg (21.6 lb) satellite
• Vanguard SLV 5 - April 13, 1959 - Failed to orbit 10.3 kg (22.7 lb) satellite
• Vanguard SLV 6 - June 22, 1959 - Failed to orbit 10.3 kg (22.7 lb) satellite
• Vanguard 3 - September 18, 1959 - Orbited 22.7 kg (50 lb) satellite

Vanguard rocket explodes shortly after launch at Cape Canaveral (December 6, 1957).

Vanguard TV3 was the first U.S. attempt to launch a satellite into orbit around the Earth. ... is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... Vanguard 1 was the fourth artificial satellite launched, and is the oldest still orbiting Earth, though there is no longer any communication with it. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... // Vanguard 2 or Vanguard II was an earth-orbiting satellite designed to measure cloud-cover distribution over the daylight portion of its orbit. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mission Objectives Vanguard 3 was launched by a Vanguard rocket from the Eastern Test Range into a geocentric orbit. ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2400x3000, 1151 KB) Original image caption: Test of Vanguard launch vehicle for U.S. International Geophysical Year (IGY) program to place satellite in Earth orbit to determine atmospheric density and conduct geodetic measurements. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2400x3000, 1151 KB) Original image caption: Test of Vanguard launch vehicle for U.S. International Geophysical Year (IGY) program to place satellite in Earth orbit to determine atmospheric density and conduct geodetic measurements. ... This article is about the area of Florida. ... is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ...

Specifications

• Stage Number: 1 - Vanguard
  • Mass: 7,661 kg
  • Empty Mass: 811 kg
  • Thrust (vac): 134.7 kN
  • Isp: 270 s (2.6 kN·s/kg)
  • Burn time: 145 s
  • Isp (sea level): 248 s (2.4 kN·s/kg)
  • Diameter: 1.14 m
  • Span: 1.14 m
  • Length: 12.20 m
  • Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
  • Engines: X-405

• Stage Number: 2 - Delta A
  • Mass: 2,164 kg
  • Empty Mass: 694 kg
  • Thrust (vac): 33.8 kN
  • Isp: 271 s (2.7 kN·s/kg)
  • Burn time: 115 s
  • Diameter: 0.84 m
  • Span: 0.84 m
  • Length: 5.36 m
  • Propellants: Nitric acid/UDMH
  • Engines: AJ10-118

• Stage Number: 3 - Vanguard 3
  • Mass: 210 kg
  • Empty Mass: 31 kg
  • Thrust (vac): 11.6 kN
  • Isp: 230 s (2.3 kN·s/kg)
  • Burn time: 31 s
  • Isp (sea level): 210 s (2.1 kN·s/kg)
  • Diameter: 0.50 m
  • Span: 0.50 m
  • Length: 2.00 m
  • Propellants: Solid
  • Engines: GCRC

See also

• Vanguard 1 Satellite
• Vanguard 2 Satellite
• Vanguard 3 Satellite
• Explorer program
• Sputnik program
• Viking rocket

Vanguard 1 was the fourth artificial satellite launched, and is the oldest still orbiting Earth, though there is no longer any communication with it. ... // Vanguard 2 or Vanguard II was an earth-orbiting satellite designed to measure cloud-cover distribution over the daylight portion of its orbit. ... Mission Objectives Vanguard 3 was launched by a Vanguard rocket from the Eastern Test Range into a geocentric orbit. ... The Explorer program was the United Statess first successful attempt to launch an artificial satellite . ... Sputnik redirects here. ... Based on its experiments with captured German V-2 rockets after WWII, the United states decided to develop its own liquid fueld rocket. ...

External links

• Vanguard - A History - NASA SP-4202 online
• The Vanguard Satellite Launching Vehicle: An Engineering Summary - NASA (PDF)
• Free paper models of vanguard rockets

v • d • e Expendable launch systems Current: Spaceflight Portal Ariane 5 · Atlas V · Cosmos-3M · Delta II · Delta IV · Dnepr · GSLV · H-IIA · Long March (1D, 2C, 2D, 2F, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4B, 4C) · Minotaur · Pegasus · Proton · PSLV · Rockot · Shavit · Shtil' · Start-1 · Strela · Soyuz (U, FG, 2) · Taurus · Tsyklon-3 · Volna · Zenit An expendable launch system or expendable launch vehicle, ELV, is a single-use launch vehicle usually used to launch a payload into space. ... Ariane 5 is a European expendable launch system designed to deliver payloads into geostationary transfer orbit or low Earth orbit. ... Atlas V is a launch vehicle formerly built by Lockheed Martin and now built by the Lockheed Martin-Boeing joint venture United Launch Alliance in Decatur, Alabama. ... The Cosmos-3M (11K65M) (Russian: Космос-3Ðœ) is a Russian space launch vehicle. ... The Delta II family of launch vehicles was designed and built by Boeings Integrated Defense Systems division and has been in service since 1989. ... It has been suggested that some sections of this article be split into a new article entitled Delta IV launches. ... The Dnepr rocket (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) is a space launch vehicle named after the Dnieper River. ... The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (usually known by its acronym, GSLV) is an expendable launch system operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ... The H-IIA is a family of liquid-fuelled rockets providing an expendable launch system for the purpose of launching satellites into geostationary orbit. ... CZ-2F rocket A Long March rocket (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Long March 1D is the improved version of Long March 1, mainly for the thrustor of stage 1, from 1020 kilo newton to 1101. ... Long March 2C (CZ-2C) was a derivative of the Long March 2 rocket family, an expendable launch system operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... CZ-2F rocket A Long March rocket (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Long March family of rockets (長征火箭, Chang Zheng) is an expendable launch system designed and operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Long March family of rockets (長征火箭, Chang Zheng) is an expendable launch system designed and operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... CZ-2F rocket The Long March family of rockets (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is an expendable launch system operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Minotaur I Rocket is an American solid fuel rocket designed to launch small satellites. ... Pegasus rocket on the ground Pegasus rocket attached to bottom of carrier aircraft The Pegasus rocket is a winged space booster developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation (Orbital). ... The Proton rocket (Прото́н) (formal designation: UR-500) is a rocket used in an expendable launch system for both commercial and Russian government launches. ... The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (usually known by its abbreviation, PSLV) is an expendable launch system operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ... Rockot The Rockot is a Russian space launch vehicle. ... Shavit (Hebrew: comet) is a launch vehicle produced by Israel. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Volna. ... START-1 is a Russian orbital (or satellite) launch vehicle based on RT-2PM Topol, a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile developed by Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology. ... Soyuz rocket on launch pad. ... The Soyuz-U or 11A511U rocket in the Soviet rocket designation series was a version of the Soyuz launch vehicle first introduced in 1973. ... The Soyuz-FG launch vehicle is an improved version of Soyuz-U LV in R-7 family of rockets, designed and constructed by TsSKB-Progress in Samara. ... This article is about the carrier rocket. ... Taurus is an German/Swedish air-launched cruise missile, manufactured by EADS, Saab Bofors Dynamics and used by Germany and Sweden. ... Space launch vehicle Volna (wave in Russian), is a converted SLBM used for launching artificial satellites into Orbit. ... The Zenit rocket (Ukrainian: Зеніт, Russian: Зени́т; meaning Zenith) is a space launch vehicle manufactured by the Yuzhnoe Design Bureau of Ukraine. ... Planned: Angara · GSLV III · GX · H-IIB · KSLV · Long March 5 · Taurus II · Vega The Angara rocket is a planned space-launch vehicle, designed to place heavy payloads into orbit. ... The GSLV-III or Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III is a launch vehicle currently under development by the Indian Space Research Organization to launch heavy satellites into geostationary orbit, and will allow India to be less dependent on foreign rockets for heavy lifting. ... The GX launch vehicle is a rocket currently under development by the Galaxy Express Corporation, a joint-venture between Lockheed Martin (LM), Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and several other Japanese companies. ... H-IIB CG The H-IIB is a family of liquid-fuelled rockets providing an expendable launch system for the main purpose of launching the H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) towards the International Space Station. ... The Korea Space Launch Vehicle (KSLV) will be the first space launcher of South Korea. ... Designed and developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT), Long March 5 (LM-5, CZ-5, or Changzheng 5) is Chinas next generation space launch vehicle family, which would include a range of classes of launch vehicles for different missions. ... Vega (ESA) Vega is a planned expendable launch system developed jointly by the Italian Space Agency and the European Space Agency since 1998, with the first launch planned for 2006. ... Historical: Ariane (1, 2, 3, 4) · Athena · Atlas (ICBM derived, I, II, III) · Black Arrow · Delta III · Diamant · Energia · Europa · H-II · J-I · Juno I · Juno II · Lambda · Long March (1, 2A, 2E, 3, 4A) · Mu (V) · N1 · R-7 (Molniya (M), Polyot, Sputnik, Voskhod, Vostok) · Saturn (I, IB ,V, INT-21) · Scout · Sparta · Thor · Thor-Agena · Thor-Burner · Thorad-Agena · Titan (II, III, IIIB, 34D, IV) · Tsyklon (2) · Vanguard The Ariane 4 Ariane is a series of a European civilian expendable launch vehicles for space launch use. ... Ariane I is the first version of the Ariane launcher family. ... Ariane 2 and Ariane 3 were expendable launch systems in the Ariane family designed by the European Space Agency. ... Ariane 42P rocket with the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite (Kourou, August 10, 1992) (NASA) Ariane 4 was an expendable launch system, designed by the European Space Agency and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace. ... The Athena rocket is a Lockheed Martin launch vehicle. ... The Mercury spacecraft Friendship 7, carrying astronaut John Glenn, was launched on an Atlas rocket. ... Atlas missile launch from Cape Canaveral in 1957 Atlas was a missile built by the Convair Division of General Dynamics. ... The Atlas I was an American expendable launch system, used in the 1990s to launch a variety of different satellites. ... Mission Atlas II is a member of the Atlas family of launch vehicles, which evolved from the successful Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) program. ... The maiden flight of the Atlas III The Lockheed Martin Atlas III was an American orbital launch vehicle, used between 2000 and 2005. ... Black Arrows engine This article is about the rocket, for the novel, see The Black Arrow Black Arrow was a British satellite carrier rocket, based on the Black Knight and Blue Streak rockets. ... Through the 90s, satellite masses were growing steadily. ... The Diamant rocket (diamant is French for diamond) was the first exclusively French expendable launch system. ... An artists conception of a Soviet Buran space shuttle lifting off atop the Energia booster. ... The Europa rocket was an early expendable launch system of the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO), which was the precursor to the European Space Agency and its Ariane family of launchers. ... The H-II (H2) rocket was a Japanese satellite launch system, which flew seven times between 1994 and 1999, with five successes. ... The J-I was a solid rocket expendable launch vehicle from Japan. ... The Jupiter-C Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) was designed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) The vehicle consists of a modified Redstone ballistic missile with three solid-propellant upper stages. ... Lambda is the name of a series of Japanese rockets. ... CZ-2F rocket A Long March rocket (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Long March 1 family (长征一号系列) of rocket is an expendable launch system operated by Peoples Republic of China. ... The Long March family of rockets (長征火箭, Chang Zheng) is an expendable launch system operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Mu and/or M designates a series of Japanese booster rockets. ... M-V rocket with the ASTRO-E satellite (Febr. ... Two N1 Moon rockets appear on the pads at Baikonur Cosmodrome in early July 1969. ... Molniya 8K78 is a modification of the well-known R-7 Semyorka rocket and has four stages. ... The Molniya-M (8K78M) is a Russian (previously Soviet) carrier rocket, derived from the R-7 Semyorka. ... The Polyot was an interim orbital carrier rocket, built to test ASAT spacecraft. ... The Voskhod rocket (Russian: Восход, translated as Sunrise) was a derivative of the Soviet R-7 ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme but later used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites. ... The Vostok rocket (Russian Восток, translated as East) was a derivative of the Soviet R-7 ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme but later used for other satellite launches. ... The SA-9 (Saturn I Block II), the eighth Saturn I flight, lifted off on February 16, 1965. ... The Saturn I was Americas first large clustered rocket. ... The Saturn IB was an uprated version of the Saturn I, which featured a much more powerful second stage, the S-IVB. Unlike the earlier Saturn I, the IB had enough throw weight to launch the Apollo Command/Service Module or Lunar Module into Earth orbit, which made it invaluable... For the moon designated Saturn V, see Rhea. ... This article is about the rocket. ... Scout launch (NASA) The Scout-rocket was an American rocket for launching small satellites. ... Sparta was the name of a rocket, consisting off a Redstone-rocket as first stage, an Antares as second and a BE-3 as third stage. ... Thor Able with Pioneer I at Cape Canaveral in Florida Thor was a space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile. ... A Thor Agena, ready to launch the SERT-2 (Space Electric Rocket Test-2) spacecraft, February 4, 1970 Thor-Agena was a series of orbital launch vehicles. ... The Thor-Burner was an American expendable launch system, a member of the Thor family. ... The Thorad-Agena was an American expendable launch system, derived from the Thor and Delta rockets. ... Titan was a family of U.S. expendable rockets used between 1959 and 2005. ... Titan II launch vehicle launching Gemini 11 (Sept. ... The Titan IIIC is a space booster used by the United States Air Force. ... Titan IIIB was the collective name for a number of derivatives of the Titan II ICBM and Titan III launch vehicle, modified by the addition of an Agena upper stage. ... The Titan IV family (including the IVA and IVB) of space boosters were used by the US Air Force. ... Tsyklon-3 rocket launching Meteor-3 weather observation satellite (Plesetsk, Aug. ...